Publication Search

This research investigates the optimization of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Christian Religious Education through the integration of digital technology to increase learners' learning motivation. The research methodology uses a phased library research approach, which involves searching, evaluating, and analyzing literature relevant to the topic. The results show that the integration of digital technology in Christianity learning can bring significant benefits in increasing students' learning motivation. The use of engaging and interactive digital tools and applications helps to create a more interesting and relevant learning experience for students. However, challenges such as technology accessibility and teacher readiness in utilizing digital technology also need to be considered. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of continuous training and support for teachers in integrating digital technology in Christianity learning. In conclusion, the integration of digital technology in Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is an important step in preparing learners to face the challenges of the modern world while still strengthening Christian values and beliefs.

This research investigates the optimization of Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Christian Religious Education through the integration of digital technology to increase learners' learning motivation. The research methodology uses a phased library research approach, which involves searching, evaluating, and analyzing literature relevant to the topic. The results show that the integration of digital technology in Christianity learning can bring significant benefits in increasing students' learning motivation. The use of engaging and interactive digital tools and applications helps to create a more interesting and relevant learning experience for students. However, challenges such as technology accessibility and teacher readiness in utilizing digital technology also need to be considered. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of continuous training and support for teachers in integrating digital technology in Christianity learning. In conclusion, the integration of digital technology in Merdeka Belajar Curriculum is an important step in preparing learners to face the challenges of the modern world while still strengthening Christian values and beliefs.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the personality competence of PAK teachers on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the personality competence of PAK teachers on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 212 people. Random sampling was taken, namely 20% of the total population, namely 42 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.489>rtabel=0.304 and tcount=3.546>ttable=2.021 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality competence of PAK teachers and the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. . b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the influence was 23.91%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=12.566>Ftable=3.23, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the personality competence of PAK teachers on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year.Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 163 people. Random sampling was taken, namely 25% of the total population, namely 41 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.625>rtabel=0.308 and tcount=5,000>ttable=2.021 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers and the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023 Academic Year/ 2024. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the influence was 39.06%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=25.078>Ftable=3.23, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year.Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 163 people. Random sampling was taken, namely 25% of the total population, namely 41 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.625>rtabel=0.308 and tcount=5,000>ttable=2.021 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers and the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023 Academic Year/ 2024. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the influence was 39.06%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=25.078>Ftable=3.23, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the spiritual competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the character of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Tarutung for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The relationship between philosophy and Christianity is a complex subject that has been the focus of debate for centuries. Essentially, both philosophy and religion play important roles in shaping human thought and worldview. However, there are various views and approaches to the relationship between them. On one hand, there is a traditional view among some Christians who see philosophy as something potentially dubious or even threatening to faith. They may argue that Christianity is the primary source of truth, and therefore, efforts to understand reality through the lens of philosophy may lead to deviations from religious teachings. On the other hand, philosophers often question the compatibility between philosophical intellectualism and religious belief. They may emphasize the importance of using reason and rational methods to achieve a deeper understanding of the world and truth, which may not always align with religious dogmas.History records attempts to reconcile philosophy and Christianity. Some figures such as Justin Martyr and Clement of Alexandria sought to integrate ideas from classical Greek philosophy into the framework of Christian thought. They viewed philosophy as a useful tool for defending and explaining the truth of the Christian faith to skeptics or critical thinkers. However, not all Christians embraced this approach warmly. Some believe that such efforts could cause confusion or even undermine the authenticity of Christian teachings. This could lead to conflict between those who adhere to the traditional approach and those who are more open to dialogue between philosophy and religion. Nevertheless, the debate between philosophy and Christianity continues to this day. Despite tensions between them, this interaction has also enriched our understanding of both fields. Through continuous dialogue and reflection, we can gain deeper insights into the origins, meanings, and relevance of Christian teachings in the context of the modern world.    

Repentance is needed because humans realize that they are sinners. Sinful people must be saved through repentance, without repentance sinful humans cannot be saved. Thus repentance has a strong connection with the salvation of believers. Salvation in the concept of the Old Testament people was to turn around and live in God's law. If they repent and obey, they will be saved, that is, they will be blessed with physical blessings such as victory over war, successful harvests, and being able to perform worship. On the other hand, if they do not repent of their sins, they will be condemned or cursed by God. This understanding of repentance and salvation has been adopted by adherents of prosperity theology. They say that Christians who have had their sins forgiven through repentance will be saved and live abundantly with physical blessings, success and prosperity. For the New Testament people, the goal of repentance and salvation is to achieve physical blessings like the Old Testament people or adherents of prosperity theology. This research tries to research and find the correct understanding of repentance and salvation which has implications for the responsibility of believers to maintain the holiness of their lives every day because humans are the holy image of God on this earth. The aim of this research is to find the true understanding of repentance and salvation in Christianity which has implications for the responsibility of Christians to live without falling into sin again or to live in the morality of God's holy holiness. The research in this paper uses a qualitative approach with the technique of writing a literature review or literature study. The research results show that the understanding of repentance and salvation to achieve the image of God who is in the image and likeness of God has implications for the responsibility of the congregation to achieve the morality of holiness like God. This research also shows that repentance is the renewal of the mind until it has thoughts and feelings like Christ. This research also found that the notion of repentance and salvation only by God's grace alone on the basis of damage to God's image in humans based on God's absolute sovereignty has no implications for the believer's responsibility to strive to live without sin or without blemish. Repentance is completely a gift where humans cannot exercise their free will to choose so that believers are not required to take a proportional responsibility to change their character based on individual decisions in order to live a holy life. Repentance in Christianity is no longer focused on physical blessings but on the restoration of God's image with the responsibility of the believer's holy life

Parable of Jesus and Matthew 20:1-16 In this parable, Jesus welcomes the first kingdom as the employer of much of the last work and a number of trainings. This shows that God's grace is not limited and does not depend on human effort or achievement, but on his generosity. In the context of Christianity This modern view is the importance of grace, loyalty and justice in society. God's grace shows that every person, whatever their background and origin, has the same value in His eyes. Therefore, Christians are called to practice kindness and social justice in their daily lives, providing care and support to those who require carelessness from the circumstances or conditions they have achieved but this view also challenges the attitudes and feelings of superiority that can arise among Christiansı the teachings of Jesus emphasize that the Kingdom of heaven does not depend on human concepts of justice but on God's mercy that goes beyond the limits of human ability. This is why Christians abandon their selfish attitudes and develop a broader development of God's liberating love because of religious understanding. Modern Christians based on Matthew 20:1-16 emphasize the importance of grace, faithfulness and justice in society while they recognize the habit of seeking egoism and develop a broader understanding of God's infinite love   

The purpose of this research is to know Job’s faith in the suffering of the Book of Job 1-2 and the efforts to strengthen the Christian faith based on Job’s faith in suffering. The research method of this paper is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The research was conducted by observing various literature texts according to the topic of discussion in the research. The results of the study show that there are various steps that can be implemented in an effort to strengthen Christian faith based on the book of Job 1-2, namely: living in fear of God, recognizing God’s sovereignty in life and having the right perspective on God’s actions and decisions in life.    

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the Make a Match Type Learning Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class VIII Students of SMP N1 Pollung for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The population is all students in class VIII of SMP N Pollung for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 121 people and a sample of 92 people was determined according to the Krejcie and Morgan table. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 36 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of the Make a Match Type Learning Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class VIII Students of SMP N1 Pollung for the 2023/2024 Academic Year: 1) Correlation Test obtained a value of rxy = 0.546 > rtable( =0.05,n=92) = 0.207, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable Another(r2) =29,8 % is influenced by other factors that can increase student learning motivation. b) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation Y=36.99+0.52X. b) 3) Test the hypothesis using the t test to obtain tcount > ttable, namely 6.187 > 1.980. Thus, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Docetism is a term that states that Jesus Christ was not truly human, but only appeared to be human. This word comes from the Greek "dokein" which means "to appear or appear. Docetism makes the human Jesus only an ethereal creature, an illusion that appears real to humans but actually never existed. The theory of Docetism comes from Gnosticism, which says that this was a dangerous and greatest teaching for the Church that was popular in the first to the end of the second century AD. In the Gospel of John, Docetism is a theological view that teaches that Jesus Christ only had an illusion or pseudo-human existence. According to John's Christology, it strongly opposes docetism in the letter of 1 John in the Bible, which asserts that Jesus Christ came in true flesh and not just in an illusory form. John emphasized the importance of Jesus' physical existence as the "FOUNDATION" for the Christian Faith.

In the world of education, Christian religious education teachers play an important role in shaping the ethics, character and morals of students, because in the world of education most students experience character and moral crisis problems, where they are not controlled by the influence of technological developments and even environmental conditions. can also influence students' ethics, character and morals. Therefore, attention is really needed from various parties, especially the role and attention of teachers in the world of education, in teaching and learning with the aim of helping students learn about the world of education from not knowing to knowing, especially knowing character and morals. Educators not only aim to teach, but educators must also act as teachers who take part in building students' morals and character, and are responsible in accordance with the goals of education and learning to shape and create a generation with noble morals. so that every student has good character and morals in living the days of his life.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how religious education influences the development of a person's character in their early adult years. A person's identity, moral independence, and life values are formed during the crucial developmental stage of early adulthood, which has a big influence on their future. This study examines the role that Christian Religious Education plays in promoting character development that embodies Christian values like love, honesty, responsibility, and integrity using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review. According to the findings, Christian Religious Education is crucial for raising people's moral consciousness, establishing spiritual principles, and assisting them in overcoming social obstacles. Christian Religious Education helps people develop a Christ-centered identity, improves their capacity for responsible decision-making, and promotes engagement in worthwhile social activities by teaching them God's Word. This study does, however, also point out a number of issues that could compromise the efficacy of character education, including the impact of digital media and social settings. According to the study's findings, Christian religious education plays a vital role in forming morally pure and motivated young adults. To foster an atmosphere that encourages character development, families, educational institutions, and society must work together. It is anticipated that the results will offer useful insights for creating more pertinent and successful Christian Religious Education initiatives.

This article discusses the theological foundations of Christian religious education, which not only includes understanding religious concepts, but also shapes a person's character and spirituality. This theological foundation is strengthened by biblical principles, where Christian religious teachings are seen as an important mission based on the great mission of the Lord Jesus in Matthew 28:19-20. This foundation places the Bible as the highest authority and main source of truth and elevates the character of Jesus Christ as the main example. understand the theological basis of Christian religious teachings. The research results show that the aim of Christian religious education is to develop human potential according to the teachings of the Bible, with a focus on developing character, values ​​and spirituality according to the teachings of Christ. The Bible is considered. the highest authority in all areas of life, including Christian education, and is the basis of Christian religious education. The character of Jesus Christ who was caring, merciful, humble and lived a simple life is an example for Christians in their daily lives. Moreover, this article also helps develop individual spirituality. The teachings of Christianity, whose main focus is awareness of a transcendent relationship with God. The role of the Holy Spirit is also considered important to strengthen understanding of Bible teachings and guide Christians to live according to God's will.

This article explores the importance of a contextual approach in Christian education for young people. By considering the cultural, social, and technological dynamics that influence the lives of young people today, this approach seeks to bridge the Christian faith tradition with modern realities. The research was conducted through a literature review and interviews with Christian educators, which showed that a contextual approach can strengthen spiritual connectedness and the relevance of Christian teachings in everyday life. This article offers practical guidance for educators in implementing this approach in the classroom.

The digital era brings new challenges for Christian religious education, especially in the role of teachers as spiritual guides. This article highlights the important role of teachers in accompanying students to understand and live the Christian faith amidst the rapid flow of information. This study uses qualitative methods through interviews and observations of Christian religious education teachers. The results show that the use of digital technology can be an effective tool when combined with a personal pastoral approach. This article provides recommendations for strategies to strengthen the role of teachers in the digital era.

This article explores the concept of inclusive education from a Christian theological perspective, which emphasizes acceptance and love for all individuals without discrimination. This study analyzes how Christian values ​​can be applied in an inclusive educational environment, especially for students with special needs. The results of the study indicate that a Christian theological-based approach can create a culture of inclusion that strengthens solidarity and equality. This article also discusses the challenges of implementing inclusive education and offers practical solutions for educators.

Christian parents frequently negotiate intensive caregiving expectations, moral responsibility, economic pressure, and ecclesial ideals of faithful family life. These demands may produce emotional exhaustion that resembles parental burnout but is often interpreted only as spiritual weakness or lack of discipline. This constructive study aims to formulate a restorative-integrative model of pastoral counseling for Christian parents who experience emotional exhaustion in childrearing. The method is a qualitative literature study using integrative narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed studies on parental burnout, religious coping, family support, and Christian pastoral counseling. The analysis identifies four central findings: emotional exhaustion is the core symptom that drives distancing and reduced parental efficacy; burnout emerges from an imbalance between risks and resources; spiritual narratives can function either as resources or as sources of guilt; and pastoral counseling is most constructive when it combines empathic presence, theological reframing, emotion regulation, communal support, and referral ethics. The study implies that churches need pastoral systems that normalize help-seeking, protect parents from moralistic judgment, and connect spiritual care with psychologically informed intervention.

This constructive literature study examines pastoral counseling for Christian couples experiencing emotional absence in marriage. Emotional absence is not identical with open conflict; it appears as reduced responsiveness, muted affect, spiritualized avoidance, and routine coexistence without felt connection. The study aims to formulate an integrative pastoral counseling framework that is theologically accountable and clinically informed. The method is a constructive qualitative literature study using thematic synthesis of studies on marital satisfaction, emotional suppression, perceived partner responsiveness, spiritually integrated psychotherapy, and Christian marital theology published primarily before 2024. The findings indicate that emotional absence should be read as a relational-spiritual rupture involving affect regulation, attachment insecurity, weakened mutual responsiveness, and distorted uses of religious language. The article proposes the REKAT framework: recognition of relational rupture, empathic attunement, covenantal communication, accountable spiritual practices, and tracked follow-up within church care. The framework places Scripture, prayer, confession, forgiveness, and community support within ethical safeguards, especially screening for violence, coercion, and severe mental health risk. The implication is that pastoral counseling can move beyond moral exhortation toward structured accompaniment that rebuilds emotional presence, responsibility, and covenantal intimacy in Christian marriage.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the question and answer method on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a research method using a quantitative approach with inferential descriptive data analysis. The population is all 115 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year who are Christians and the research sample was determined to be 38 people, namely 35% of the total population using Random Sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 20 items for variable 05,n=38) = 0.320. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.410 > ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=36)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="11.82"+0.36X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=12, dk denominator=n-2=38-2=36) namely 11.62 > 2.00. Thus, there is an influence of the question and answer method on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.