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The era of disruption marked by the rapid development of technology and information brings serious challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the faith and morals of students. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has a strategic role in protecting students from the negative influences of this era, through strengthening faith in Allah SWT as the main foundation for character formation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of faith in shaping the faith and morals of students in the midst of the flow of disruption. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, reviewing various scientific literature, journals, and relevant documents. The results of the study show that strong faith is the main driver in the commendable behavior of students and a shield against moral relativism and social deviation. Religious education must be integrated comprehensively into the curriculum, teacher training, and learning environments that support the internalization of divine values. In conclusion, strengthening faith in Allah is very urgent as a basis for forming strong faith and morals in facing the challenges of the era of disruption.

This study aims to explore behavioral leadership theory from an Islamic perspective, particularly in the context of education. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research examines how Islamic values such as syura (consultation), amanah (trust), ‘adl (justice), and khalifah (stewardship) are reflected in the behavior of educational leaders in Islamic institutions. Data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. The findings indicate that effective leadership behavior in Islamic education involves a balance between task orientation and relationship orientation, as outlined in behavioral leadership theories. Prophet Muhammad SAW is presented as the ideal leadership model who combines strategic vision with strong spiritual and moral values. These findings suggest that behavioral theory can be applied to evaluate and improve leadership styles in Islamic education that are not only professional but also grounded in Islamic principles

This research aims to describe and analyze the implementation of the strategy for developing students' interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence through learning moral beliefs in class XI MA Ma'arif NU Pituruh Purworejo, the main objective is to focus on 3 topics, including: 1. the concept of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development strategies in learning moral beliefs, 2. strategies for the application of students' interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development through learning moral beliefs in class XI, 3. supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the strategy. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence development strategies were applied through participatory learning and reflection such as group discussions, role-play, reflection journal writing, and case studies. Supporting factors for the implementation of the strategy include teacher commitment, madrasah policy support, and a positive learning environment. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include limited learning time, infrastructure, and emotional readiness of students. Overall, these strategies contribute to the formation of students' character and the improvement of social skills and self-reflection.

This article explores the theme of faithfullness in the book of Hosea throught a theological lens and examines its relevanse for the contemporary church. The book of the Hosea presents a powerfull potrayal of God’s unwafering faithfullnes toward his people despite their reapeted unfaithfullnes. Using the metaphor of Hosea’s marriage to Gomer, God communicates a message off steadfast love, forgiveness, and restoration. This study highlights the theological significance of divine faithfullness and its role as the foundation for relational  etichs within the community of faith. The implication for the church today include a calling to live faithfully before God, to embody restorative love in community life, and to strengh then commitmen to the covenant of faith. Faithfullnes is presented not merely as a moral virtue but as a spiritual identity to be lived out in ecclesial practice. Through exegetical analysis and contextual reflection, this articel invites the church the respond to the call of faithfullness mid the chalanges of the modern era.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be a transformational tool in Christian Religious Education in the digital era. Technological advancements bring significant changes to the way we learn and teach, including religious education, which demands innovative methods to remain relevant to the younger generation increasingly connected to technology. AI offers various opportunities to enrich the learning experience and deepen the understanding of Christian values through a more personal and interactive approach. This article discusses several AI applications in Christian religious education, such as virtual assistants for spiritual guidance, in-depth Bible text analysis, and adaptive learning platforms that can tailor materials to the needs of learners. With AI technology, Christian religious education can provide more interactive and responsive modules, allowing learners to delve into religious teachings both individually and in groups. Additionally, the use of AI in analyzing learning behavior allows for more effective curriculum personalization according to the spiritual needs of each individual. This approach can address the challenge of maintaining the relevance of religious values amidst the rapid influx of digital information. This article also examines the potential of AI in aiding faith development, for example through spiritual reflection applications tailored to the user's spiritual growth. This transformation is expected to prepare a generation of Christians who are not only technologically savvy but also spiritually strong, and empowered to face moral and ethical challenges in the future. Thus, AI-based Christian Religious Education can be a pathway to building a relevant and dynamic spiritual future in the digital era.

Humanitarian intervention is often seen as an effort to protect civilians from human rights violations, but it often clashes with the principle of state sovereignty in international law. This research evaluates the alignment of humanitarian intervention with the values of Pancasila as an ethical and moral footing in international policy. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach; data is obtained from a literature study that includes academic documents, journals, reference books, and diplomatic reports, then analyzed descriptively-analytically to reveal the views of Pancasila in the practice of international law. The results show that although intervention has noble aims, its implementation often collides with the principle of non-intervention and the principle of state sovereignty. The values of Pancasila, especially fair and civilized humanity and social justice, can be used as a moral foundation to assess the legitimacy of intervention, but its application in international norms is still constrained by political interests and power imbalances between states. The conclusion of this study is that Pancasila offers a potential ethical framework for more just humanitarian interventions, but diplomacy and policy advocacy efforts are needed to strengthen the position of developing countries in formulating international norms that respect sovereignty while protecting human rights.

Marriage is a sacred bond recognized by religion and the state. In the context of religion, marriage has a very important role in the life of a Muslim, including the Spiritual Foundation and Worship, Maintaining Pious and Pious Offspring. Marriage in Islam also aims to produce pious and pious offspring. Religion provides guidance on how to educate children with good religious and moral values. In the context of positive law, the state gives authority to the validity or invalidity of a marriage to each religion.Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings. Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings, and ideas between family members to create harmonious relationships, mutual understanding, and support each other. The Importance of Communication in the Family is very useful for avoiding conflict in the household. The importance of communication in the family is as follows: Building Harmonious Relationships Good communication strengthens the bonds between family members, creating an atmosphere full of love and mutual understanding.

The implementation of the PAKEM (Active, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning) model in Christian Religious Education (PAK) has shown significant potential in improving students’ understanding of Christian values ​​in elementary schools. This qualitative descriptive study analyzes the implementation of the PAKEM model and its effectiveness in fostering a deeper understanding of values ​​such as compassion, honesty, and forgiveness among students. Although conventional teaching methods are often used in PAK, the PAKEM model encourages active participation, creativity, and a fun learning atmosphere. Research shows that the model has a positive impact on students’ motivation and academic achievement. However, challenges such as limited teacher training and inadequate facilities hinder its optimal implementation. Solutions include ongoing professional development for teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to the local context. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration between educators, parents, and the community to support the effective implementation of the PAKEM model. Ultimately, the PAKEM approach not only improves cognitive outcomes but also contributes to students’ moral and spiritual development, preparing them to embody Christian values ​​in their daily lives.  By cultivating an engaging and supportive learning environment, the PAKEM model aims to create a generation of morally resilient individuals who integrate their faith into their actions.

This study aims to examine the personality structure of the characters in the novel Areksa written by ItaKrn by utilizing a literary psychology approach based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This study focuses more on the characters of Areksa Dirgantara and Ilona Ladeika, who experience emotional dynamics through the interaction of the three components of personality: id, ego, and superego. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques that include in-depth reading and recording. The findings of this study indicate that the characters in the novel face significant internal conflicts, where emotional drives (id), rational considerations (ego), and moral values ​​(superego) influence each other in the decision-making process and attitude formation. Areksa is shown as a character trapped in a dilemma between love and faith, while Ilona depicts a struggle between personal desires and existing social norms. These results emphasize how relevant Freud's theory is in understanding psychological conflicts in literary characters. Thus, a literary psychology approach can explore the inner depths of characters and enrich understanding of literary works as a reflection of the complexity of human psychology.

Abortion is a contentious legal and moral issue, as it involves two equally important rights: the right to life of the fetus and a woman's right to bodily autonomy and reproductive health. Under Indonesian criminal law, abortion is generally classified as a criminal offense, as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, exceptions are recognized under specific conditions such as medical emergencies and pregnancies resulting from rape, in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study aims to examine the legal boundaries between prohibited and permitted abortions and to analyze the challenges of implementing these provisions in practice. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal exceptions, implementation remains difficult due to complex procedures, limited facilities, and inadequate understanding among law enforcement and health workers. Therefore, clear technical regulations and cross-sectoral education are essential to ensure fair legal protection for both women and medical professionals.

This article discusses the Double Movement theory developed by Fazlur Rahman as a hermeneutic method in the renewal of Islamic law. This theory emphasizes two main movements: first, understanding the socio-historical context of the revelation of the Qur'an to explore universal moral values ​​behind legal provisions; second, actualizing these values ​​into contemporary social and cultural contexts. Through a literature review and case analysis on aspects of family law and economic law in Indonesia, this article shows how the Double Movement theory provides more flexible, dynamic, and relevant interpretive solutions. This approach allows Islamic law to adapt to modern social dynamics without losing its transcendental moral essence. In addition, this approach opens up space for progressive and contextual ijtihad, which is greatly needed in responding to various new challenges in Muslim society. Thus, this theory makes an important contribution to the development of an Islamic legal methodology that is responsive and inclusive to the changing times.

Traditional drama of the archipelago is one of Indonesia's cultural heritages that has an important role. This study aims to explore the plot structure and intrinsic elements in several forms of traditional drama in Indonesia. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with content analysis methods of scripts and performance documentation as the main data sources. The findings show that the plot of traditional drama generally consists of five narrative stages, namely introduction, emergence of conflict, climax, decline of tension, and resolution. Intrinsically, these dramas present universal themes such as justice, love, sacrifice and resistance to injustice, with characters clearly divided between good and evil. The plot tends to run chronologically, supported by settings that depict the real conditions of local communities, and dialog that is packaged in the form of rhymes, poems, or local languages. Moral messages are an important element in traditional dramas that strengthen local cultural values. Based on the results of the analysis, traditional Nusantara drama is proven to have a distinctive structure and rich intrinsic content, so it deserves more attention in the field of education and cultural preservation.

This study aims to examine how the stories of the prophets in the Qur’an can serve as an effective medium for character building in children from an early age. The research is motivated by the growing need for character education amidst the moral challenges of modern times, and by the strong potential of prophetic stories to convey Islamic values such as honesty, patience, responsibility, and monotheism. A qualitative approach was employed through a literature review method. The findings indicate that the stories of Prophet Musa (Moses), Ibrahim (Abraham), Muhammad, and Yunus (Jonah) contain relevant and applicable character values for children. By presenting moral teachings through storytelling, these narratives allow children to internalize values in an engaging and meaningful way. When delivered according to the child’s developmental stage, prophetic stories become an educational tool that effectively nurtures religious, responsible, and noble character. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic value-based character education models in both family and formal educational settings.

This study aims to examine the influence of Tone at the Top on company performance by using a literature review method as its analytical approach. Tone at the Top refers to the attitudes, policies, and values set by organizational leaders in fostering an ethical, transparent, and performance-oriented work culture. In this study, various sources from journals, books, and previous research are analyzed to identify the relationship between top-level leadership and operational effectiveness, employee productivity, as well as corporate sustainability. The literature review findings indicate that leaders who effectively implement a strong Tone at the Top tend to create a positive work environment, enhance employee engagement, and strengthen good corporate governance. Conversely, failure to establish a strong Tone at the Top can contribute to low employee morale, a higher risk of ethical violations, and weakened organizational performance.

This study examines the market mechanism from the perspective of Islamic economics as a response to conventional economic systems that tend to emphasize either free-market principles or full government intervention. In Islam, the market mechanism is governed by principles of justice, transparency, and balance among the interests of individuals, the state, and society. This research highlights the thoughts of classical Islamic scholars such as Abu Yusuf, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Khaldun, who had already elaborated on the concepts of markets, pricing, supply and demand, and ethical conduct in transactions long before Western economists developed similar ideas. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, this article analyzes various market distortions such as ihtikar (hoarding), tadlis (fraud), riba (usury), and gharar (uncertainty), as well as the role of government in limited intervention to maintain balance and fairness. The findings show that the Islamic market mechanism is not solely focused on economic efficiency, but is also deeply rooted in moral and spiritual values.

This study aims to analyse the effect of work climate on teacher morale at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate is an important factor in creating a work atmosphere that supports the performance and motivation of educators. Teachers' morale, as an indicator of the success of the education process, is influenced by various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, leadership of the madrasah head, and work environment conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 teachers at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate variables were measured through dimensions such as leadership, openness of communication, and peer support. Meanwhile, morale was measured through indicators of productivity, motivation, and commitment to duty. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression technique to determine the relationship and influence between the two variables. The results showed that work climate has a significant influence on teachers' morale at MAN 1 Medan. This finding indicates that a positive work climate, characterised by open communication, adequate support, and inspirational leadership, can significantly improve teachers' morale. Conversely, a less conducive work climate negatively impacts teachers' motivation and performance. This study concludes that effective work climate management is an important strategy in improving teachers' morale. The madrasah is advised to pay attention to the aspects that make up the work climate, such as rewarding performance, creating a harmonious working atmosphere, and ensuring good communication between the madrasah head and teachers. Thus, the quality of education at MAN 1 Medan can continue to be improved through strengthening the morale of the teaching staff.

This study aims to describe the moral development of elementary school-aged children through a qualitative approach based on observation. Two fifth-grade students were observed to identify differences in moral characteristics and the influence of social interaction on the formation of moral values. The study also examines the teacher’s role as a facilitator of moral growth, support strategies for students with difficulties, the relationship between moral development and cognitive ability, and the role of parents. Findings reveal that children's moral development is significantly influenced by contextual, relational, and reflective learning approaches. Personalized support from teachers and collaboration with parents positively contribute to students’ moral maturity. The study recommends integrating moral values into the curriculum, training for teachers, and strengthening school–family cooperation.

The abuse of narcotics and psychotropic substances has become increasingly widespread in Indonesia. These two dangerous substances can damage the morals of the younger generation, which is why the Indonesian government enacted Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances. With the implementation of this regulation, it is expected that illegal drug use will be reduced. The form of research we used is qualitative, by collecting data from various sources and conducting. The results of our study show that illegal narcotics use in Central Java remains relatively high, especially in the city of Semarang. This is due to factors such as free social interaction and the influence of Western culture. This issue needs to be addressed by the authorities, such as the Central Java National Narcotics Agency (BNN) and the Central Java Regional Police. Our research also found several cases of narcotics abuse in Magelang. The government and law enforcement officials must strengthen rehabilitative approaches for drug users so that they are not solely subjected to criminal penalties, but are also given sanctions through medical and social rehabilitation processes.

This study discusses strategies for creating and enhancing religious life in schools as a means of shaping students’ moral character in the face of globalization. Despite the implementation of various religious programs, challenges such as low student participation, lack of teacher role models, and negative social and technological influences persist. The aim of this study is to formulate comprehensive and adaptive strategies to foster a religious atmosphere in schools. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through content analysis of educational and religious literature. The findings indicate that religious life in schools can be strengthened through the integration of religious values into the curriculum, the development of a religious school culture, reinforcement of religious extracurricular activities, active roles of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers, involvement of parents and communities, wise use of technology, and ongoing evaluation. This study offers practical and applicable strategies to build a school environment that supports students’ holistic spiritual development.

This paper examines human actions within social media interactions, with a particular emphasis on the phenomenon of cyberbullying from the perspective of ethical philosophy. The focus of this study is not on the entire scope of ethics in human life, but specifically on evaluating whether cyberbullying can be categorized as morally good or bad according to ethical principles. In everyday life, such actions are often carried out unconsciously by the perpetrators, and many even deny having committed them, due to a lack of understanding about the various forms of cyberbullying. This study employs a qualitative method in the form of a literature review, analyzing various scholarly works and previous studies to explore how ethical philosophy can serve as a framework for assessing the moral value of human behavior in digital spaces. Through this approach, the paper aims to provide a deeper ethical understanding of cyberbullying and to foster critical awareness within society in evaluating and reflecting upon online behavior in contemporary social life.