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This study explores the significance of English phonology in enhancing language skills during the golden age of childhood. Phonological awareness, encompassing sound discrimination and manipulation, plays a crucial role in vocabulary acquisition, reading proficiency, and overall linguistic development. Early intervention through phonological activities in educational settings, supported by parental involvement and technological integration, fosters a strong foundation for language acquisition. Continuous professional development for educators ensures the implementation of evidence-based practices in phonological instruction. Investing in phonological awareness during childhood is essential for promoting academic success, cognitive development, and lifelong literacy.

The Unmanned ships have become a primary focus in maritime technology development to enhance efficiency and navigational safety in waters. In this research, a unmanned ship utilizing ESP32CAM as its core system is designed to detect navigation lights of other vessels and avoid potential collisions. The initial response of the ESP32CAM camera reads the colors of lights approaching the unmanned ship within a distance of less than 100cm. The ESP32CAM reads and identifies colors through image processing. When the ESP32CAM detects green and red lights, it commands the buzzer to sound. The color detection system works such that when the ESP32CAM detects a red light, it sends a signal to the servo motor to move left, and when it detects a green light, it sends a signal to the servo motor to move right. The servo motor functions as the ship's rudder. Testing of the navigation light system with ESP32CAM camera to prevent ship collisions is conducted with predetermined scenarios, including testing with red LEDs, green LEDs, and overall system testing. The results show that the navigation light system with ESP32CAM camera functions well. The ESP32CAM camera can optimally identify light colors at a distance of 100cm. Based on the conducted research, the ESP32CAM camera is capable of reading both the distance and colors of lights as specified at a distance of 100cm.

The purpose of this study was to compare see students' ability to read fluently at level 3 and to see their ability to explain reading content in terms of students' opinions/perceptions through dialogue texts. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a qualitative descriptive type of research. Data collection techniques in this research consisted of: (1) assessment of level 3 fluent reading abilities (2) interviews with students regarding their perceptions regarding the dialogue texts they read (3) documenting the process of reading the text. . Based on these data collection techniques, the research instruments used consisted of: (1) level 3 fluency reading ability assessment sheet, (2) reading comprehension assessment sheet (3) documentation of students' reading processes. This research was conducted by Mifta Hurrahmi and Wini Media Putri, where the research subjects were elementary school students. The results obtained are based on students' ability to read and explain the contents of the reading from the interviews that have been conducted. It can be concluded that the use of dialogue texts is more effective in determining the level of students' ability to read fluently at level 3 and helping students understand the content of the reading they read

The purpose of this study was to compare see students' ability to read fluently at level 3 and to see their ability to explain reading content in terms of students' opinions/perceptions through dialogue texts. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a qualitative descriptive type of research. Data collection techniques in this research consisted of: (1) assessment of level 3 fluent reading abilities (2) interviews with students regarding their perceptions regarding the dialogue texts they read (3) documenting the process of reading the text. . Based on these data collection techniques, the research instruments used consisted of: (1) level 3 fluency reading ability assessment sheet, (2) reading comprehension assessment sheet (3) documentation of students' reading processes. This research was conducted by Mifta Hurrahmi and Wini Media Putri, where the research subjects were elementary school students. The results obtained are based on students' ability to read and explain the contents of the reading from the interviews that have been conducted. It can be concluded that the use of dialogue texts is more effective in determining the level of students' ability to read fluently at level 3 and helping students understand the content of the reading they read

Folklore is part of cultural history that reflects the past and thoughts of the community, passed down from generation to generation orally or in writing, and contains various values of life. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a structural approach, aiming to analyze the religious values contained in the folklore “Sunan Muria Mosque” contained in the book “East Coast Folklore” by Mohammad Kanzunnudin, published by CV Adhigama in 2024. The data is a fragment of the story “Masjid Sunan Muria”. The research data are facts about the structure and religious values found in the folklore. The data collection technique used reading and listening methods. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman method which consists of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis show that the folklore “Masjid Sunan Muria” contains motifs of shortcomings and shortcomings that can be overcome as well as exemplary religious values, including aspects of belief, worship, knowledge, and practice. Sunan Muria, the main character in the story, shows a strong belief in the teachings of Islam and his ability to practice these values in real actions. The implication of this research is to provide inspiration and learning about the importance of religious values in everyday life and how these values can be applied for the common good.    

This research presents an in-depth analysis of various types of English syllables, including closed, open, vowel-consonant-e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le syllables. Each type of syllable has unique characteristics that contribute to the structure and pronunciation of words in English. Closed syllables produce short vowel sounds due to the ending consonant, while open syllables result in long vowel sounds due to the ending vowel. Vowel-consonant-e syllables involve a vowel followed by a consonant and a silent 'e,' which lengthens the vowel sound. Vowel team syllables consist of two vowels that together produce a single vowel sound, while r-controlled syllables involve a vowel followed by the letter 'r,' which alters the vowel sound. Consonant-le syllables, typically found at the end of words, provide a distinctive rhythm and flow. This study demonstrates that a theoretical understanding of syllable types has significant implications for phonics instruction and language education. Phonics instruction based on syllable patterns can enhance reading fluency and spelling proficiency. The analysis also reveals phonological diversity in English, reflecting the language's adaptability and complexity. Understanding syllable structures also provides insights into how the brain processes language, which is crucial for developing effective language teaching strategies.

Narrative ability in the Indonesian language among teenagers is an important topic to investigate, considering the role of language as a tool for communication and cultural expression. This research aims to explore the extent to which teenagers can construct and deliver narratives in Indonesian properly and correctly. The research method used includes surveys and in-depth interviews with a number of teenagers from various educational and social backgrounds. The results indicate that teenagers' narrative abilities are influenced by factors such as the quality of Indonesian language education, the use of social media, and reading habits. The study also found that while many teenagers can create creative and engaging narratives, there are still challenges regarding the correct use of grammar and vocabulary richness. Therefore, further efforts are needed from various parties, including educators and parents, to enhance teenagers' narrative abilities in the Indonesian language.

Efforts must always be made to improve students' reading abilities in elementary school students, especially as reading, which is part of literacy, is very poor, especially for elementary school students. The quantum reading method is an ideal method to be implemented in elementary schools so that students can continue to increase their interest in reading. The research aims to examine the application of the quantum reading method in elementary schools, both in essence and in theoretical-based applications.This research is based on facts in the field, namely students' low interest in reading, no initiative to read books, lack of reading activities, and unsupportive library facilities. So students often experience difficulties in learning to read, especially in speed reading. So the author took the initiative to describe the analysis of learning difficulties in learning to read quickly for fifth grade elementary school students along with the solutions offered using the quantum reading method.The formulation of the problem in this research is how to increase students' reading interest who use the quantum Reading method and conventional reading methods in Indonesian language subjects in Grade V Elementary Schools. This research aims to determine the increase in reading interest of students who use the quantum reading method and conventional methods in schools. Base.    

The author conducted a practicum at the Murah Hati Masyarakat Indonesian Orphanage. The practice carried out by the author is to research the problems experienced by orphanage children. The problems experienced by orphanage children are the lack of interest in reading orphanage children so that they experience difficulties in learning and lack of confidence. From these problems, the author is interested and makes a goal to increase the interest in reading and counting orphanage children by creating a mini project, namely a reading corner. The author uses the stages of social groupwork in his research from the preparation stage to the termination stage. After doing all the stages of social groupwork, the results are expected by the author so that the orphanage children can continue their interest in reading and counting so that they do not have difficulties in learning and increase their knowledge and confidence to socialize.

Sterilization is the eradication of materials, substances, or tools from various live microorganisms or their resting stages. Bacterial and fungal vegetative cells can be killed at a temperature of 60 °C within 5 to 10 minutes. A data logger is a tool used to monitor the temperature inside an autoclave. Previous research on "Autoclave Data Logger" aimed to assist in recording temperature activities within the autoclave. When the device is turned on, it automatically records the temperature inside the autoclave and stores the temperature data read on an SD card. After the sterilization process is completed, the SD card is retrieved for reading on a personal computer in Excel format or converted into a graph. Therefore, the author developed an IoT-based autoclave calibrator tool with data storage. This IoT-based autoclave calibrator tool with data storage utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller for programming and as a source in the IoT system. The ESP32 is used to control the input from the waterproof DS18b20 sensor, which functions to read or detect the temperature in the autoclave. The data read by the sensor will be displayed on the IoT platform, which is the Blynk IoT application, and after the results are displayed on the IoT platform, they will be stored on an SD card.      

Assessing speaking ability is a complex task, more difficult than assessing listening, reading, or writing abilities. This is because what is said when speaking is quickly forgotten, so evaluation requires sufficient time to pay attention to the speaking process, not just knowledge of the material being discussed. To carry out this evaluation, the research method generally used is a review of related literature. This research involves collecting information related to a specific topic. In order for a speaking ability evaluation to be carried out successfully, it is necessary to properly understand the basic concepts, learning processes, evaluation techniques, as well as planning and implementation procedures.

The aspect of language skills that a student needs to master and understand after listening is speaking skills. Speaking skills are very important in everyday life because humans are social creatures who talk to other people every day. The ability to pronounce sounds or articulate words to express, express thoughts, ideas and feelings is called speaking. Speaking skills are one of the skills that students want to develop. This type of research is library research, namely research carried out by analyzing and using written literature in the form of books, scientific journals and newspapers as the main source. This library research research approach is qualitative, namely research that emphasizes the analysis of previously existing data. The results of the research in the form of reading skills are really needed by elementary school students, especially high class students, to encourage their self-confidence. As we know, elementary school students, especially high class students, tend to have more social interactions both at school and outside school and are usually asked by teachers to do more work. group assignments, therefore speaking skills are the most important thing.

In the era of maritime technology, Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) are becoming the main vehicles on the water surface, controlled from land and capable of transmitting live data. USVs have a wide range of survey and exploration applications, relying on hydrographic knowledge for accurate mapping. USV development has adopted a double hull design, improving stability and wave resistance. Survey data transmission requires advanced technology, with Long Range (LoRa) technology being the solution for long distance data transmission with low power consumption. LoRa utilisation is expected to increase the efficiency of USVs in hydrographic surveys. The research and development (R&D) research method is used as the main approach in this research with the aim of creating and developing USVs that can increase efficiency in hydrographic surveys. The USV is equipped with an RPM sensor and flowmeter used to monitor the movement control of the USV in the waters. In addition, a depth detector is used to monitor the topography of the seabed. In order for this USV to run using a remote control that is controlled from land. The USV drive consists of a BLDC motor connected to the propeller and a servo motor connected to the ship's rudder. Furthermore, the data taken from the sensor is sent via LoRa to be delivered to the ground station. From the USV test results, it was found that the data transmission range with LoRa Ra-02 under Line of sight (LOS) conditions was 340 metres while under Non Light of sight (NLOS) conditions it was around 200 metres. The average speed travelled by USV is 0.616 km/hour in operational survey conditions and can be faster in non-operational survey conditions. The error value of the RPM sensor is obtained at 1.604% with a reading accuracy of 98.936%.

There was a spin off policy initially envisaged in Act No. 12 of 2008, but by mid-2023, the OJK subsequently issued POJK No.12 of 2023. The study aims to analyze the development of Sharia banking in Indonesia by implementing a spin-off on the Sharia Business Unit owned by a conventional general bank. This type of research is qualitative research, with the type of analysis used namely analysis of skunder data presented descriptively. This research is carried out by means of a library study or literature review which is taken from various available sources such as data or documents published by the Bank of Indonesia, journals, books, articles, as well as other reading findings related to the research topic. The results of this study show that the development of Sharia banking in Indonesia by implementing a spin-off on the Sharia Business Unit owned by the Conventional General Bank has grown significantly, it is proven with several banks that have joined BUS, recorded in the performance report of the OJK that 14 banks have become Sharia General Bank using different schemes in the process.

This research aims to: 1) Find out the implementation of nahwu learning with Naz>am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n by KH. Muhammad Adnan, student of class 1 wust}a Madrasah Diniyah Tri Bhakti At-Taqwa, East Lampung. 2) Knowing the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of Naz}am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n in the learning of nahwu santri class 1 wust}a Madrasah Diniyah Tri Bhakti At-Taqwa East Lampung. 3) Knowing the nahwu learning evaluation system with Naz}am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n by KH. Muhammad Adnan, student of class 1 wust}a Madrasah Diniyah Tri Bhakti At-Taqwa, East Lampung.This research uses a qualitative approach where the type of research is field research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation methods. The analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions.The results of this research show that: 1) Implementation of nahwu learning with Naz}am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n, namely that students are given an explanation of the material with examples and then instructed to look for other examples that match the material and explain the rules of nahwu, students are required to memorize naz}aman with a target of 2 semesters. 2) Supporting factors for learning nahwu using Naz}am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n are students having books with translations of other nahwu books, reading every time they start learning, requirements for taking the semester/final exam with the Qiroatul Polar exam, the graduation of students who are finish naz}aman deposit. The inhibiting factor is the lack of classroom learning hours, students need to adapt to the boarding school environment. 3) The nahwu learning evaluation system with Naz}am Juru>miyyah Ja>wa>n orally, students are instructed to read the book Fath}ul Qari>b then ask questions about the rules of nahwu. In writing, it is carried out during the odd and final semester exams.

This community service activity focuses on teaching students at TKA/TPA Darussa'adah Palangka Raya with a focus on using Flashcard media in learning Al-Qur'an activities. The purpose of this service is to see and explore the potential of using Flashcard media in the activity of strengthening Qur'anic recitation of idgham bighunnah and idgham bilaghunnah tajweed laws that can be useful and easy to understand for santri children. The service method used is Service Learning (SL) with two stages. The first stage, field analysis and program or activity project design. Second stage, the implementation of the service according to what has been designed. The results of the service show that the implementation of learning the Qur'an, especially the legal material of Idgham bighunnah and Idgham bilaghunnah through Flashcard media at TKA/TPA Darussa'adah, has proven to make it easier for children to understand the reading laws of Idgham bighunnah and Idgham bilaghunnah. This method of learning by utilizing interactive media also prevents children's boredom in learning the Qur'an.

This research aims to examine the effect of a literacy programs the critical thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN 064873 Bhayangkara, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 20 fifth grade students were the subjects of this research. Data was collected through a pretest and posttest consisting of 20 multiple choice questions. The research results showed that after being given treatment in the form of a literacy program by reading non-learning story books for 15 minutes before learning, there was a significant increase in students critical thinking abilities. The average posttest score (84) has increased significantly compared to the average pretest score (54), with a difference of 30. These results indicate that literacy programs can contribute positively to improving students critical thinking abilities. Therefore, there is a need to emphasize the development of literacy programs in the educational context to improve the quality of education and produce students who have better critical thinking skills.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying the case method to the reading comprehension abilities of 5th grade elementary school students using the case study method. The scanning reading technique is a reading method that focuses on quickly finding specific information in text. This research uses a case study approach to gain in-depth insight into the application of scanning reading techniques in grade 5 elementary school students. The research subjects were 5th grade elementary school students in Kampung Jati. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and reading comprehension tests before and after applying the scanning reading technique. The results of the research show that the application of scanning reading techniques among 5th grade elementary school students in Kampung Jati is still relatively low, especially in terms of reading speed and accuracy. This case study also reveals that students need to increase motivation and interest in reading activities.

This research analyzes the effect of parental guidance on the reading ability of children aged 5-6 years.  Based on a systematic review of twelve articles, it was found that parents' active involvement in reading activities had a significant impact on children's reading abilities.  Positive parenting patterns, such as democratic parenting, and the routine of reading together at home contribute greatly to the development of children's reading abilities.  This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA.  The research sample consisted of twelve articles published in the 2019-2024 period.  The results showed that children who received intensive guidance from parents showed significant improvements in reading ability compared to children who received minimal guidance.  Parents' education and economic factors also influence the effectiveness of the guidance provided.  This conclusion emphasizes the important role of parents in supporting early childhood reading development through positive and supportive interactions.

The ability to read is a basic skill that is very important in students' lives, both in academic contexts and in everyday life. Thus, evaluation of reading learning is very important in improving students' reading skills, supporting students' academic achievement, and providing a strong foundation for future learning. The method used in this research is literature review or literature review. The results of the research are: (1) Evaluation of reading learning in higher classes is an assessment process carried out by teachers to measure students' reading abilities at the upper secondary or secondary school level. (2) the types of learning evaluation are divided into 2, namely formative and summative evaluations, (3) the purpose of reading learning evaluation is to ensure that students develop the necessary reading skills and that reading teaching is effective.