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Society in the historical strata has had a fairly close relationship with religion since prehistoric times. For society, religion is seen as the beliefs and behaviors that society uses to address important problems that cannot be solved by the technical systems and organizational techniques for which it is known. To overcome this limitation, humans use the manipulation of supernatural powers. The notion of "culture" is generally understood as a complex definition. Culture or culture can be thought of as a concept whose definition follows the content of its users, although it also refers to objective reality. That is, one person may have an opinion about "culture" or "culture", but another person may object to the words used; Because it requires the person concerned to appreciate his culture. Like the definition of "culture" above, "religion" also has different meanings, both from the point of view of its adherents and from the point of view of the sciences that study it (Sena Adiningrat, 2010). In all areas of world society; religion, culture and belief are three important and very basic elements. All three have a very strong bond and correlation as the core of society, so that even in the craziest and sane times, they are never broken. Because where there is an association or community or society, there is a habitus, then lived and continues to exist, then it becomes a culture. Meanwhile, religion is a belief in one's conscience, which essentially has an inner connection with feelings and the desire to embrace something and believe in it. So religion requires faith or belief. So believing in something important in religion is called faith.

In business activities in the form of a Company, there are often legal problems involving directors as a result of the decisions and policies they make in carrying out their duties and authority in the company. The Board of Directors is one of the most important organs in a Limited Liability Company whose duty is to run the company as stated in Law Number 40 of 2007 (UU PT) concerning Limited Liability Companies. In the event of a loss caused by the decision or policy, the board of directors can be sued personally either criminally or civilly. This research aims to analyze the case of former President Director of PT Krakatau Steel (KS) Fazwar Bujang in making decisions on the construction of the Blast Furnace Complex plant in 2011 which is considered to have harmed the state of Rp 2.3 trillion and USD 292 or up to Rp 6 trillion and has benefited the MCC Ceri consortium, a company from China and PT Krakatau Engineering and others. The first result shows that the business judgment rule doctrine is a concept in corporate law that provides protection to company directors regarding the decisions and policies they make, to ensure that directors can make decisions based on good faith, prudence, and the best interests of the company without having to be personally liable for losses that may arise from business decisions. In Indonesia, the business judgment rule doctrine is only regulated in UU PT, but it has not been regulated in the law completely. Second, in the case of the construction of PT Krakatau Steel's Blast Furnace Complex, the business judgment rule cannot be applied because the business policies taken do not meet the requirements of the business judgment rule stipulated in Article 97 paragraph (3) of the UU PT.

The certainty of of being saved is the most important thing that God has given to humans.  However, people often refuse to be led and enter into God’s plan.  As a result of refusing to be led by God, many of God’s people fall away and ultimately turn against God.  Man leaves God and turns to truths outside God considered more correct. Same people think that God is all-loving and forgiving and cannot possibly bear to punish people who believe Him, even though they refuse to be led by God.  How is the salvation of people who refuse to be led by God and even then fall away ? The research in this thesis begins by studying and explaining the meaning of apostasy and the reasons why someone can become apostate.  Continuing with the possibility of whether or not sameone can apostate from God.  To complete it, the author raises several views of theological figures regarding the possibility of apostasy.  The author describes with an exegetical study parts of the Bible verse in the book of Hebrew 5:11 -6:8 which are often used as an cirgue for theological controversy, regarding the possibility of apostasy and loss safety. Conclusions are obtained by comparing, analyzing and provides an interpretation based on the analogy method of faith, the Bible as a basis for measuring truth.  Realizing that humans are obliged to submit themselves to God and obey God’s statements, the author also used methods Neo-Supernatural dialectics. From the results of research exegetically and by proposing premises so the author can conclude that if sameone who has believed in the Lord Jesus Christ then apostatizes, then the certainty of his salvation will be lost.

A limited liability company is a legal entity so that it makes the company an independent legal subject and separate from the owner or management of the company. As a subject of law, the company bears rights and obligations where the company can conduct its own legal relationship, but the company cannot run alone but requires a person to represent it so that this right makes the relationship between person and legal entity (recht person) into a mutualism symbiotic relationship. The results of the discussion in this research are that a director can be held responsible for losses suffered by the company because the director is fully responsible for the company both outside and in court. However, the directors will not be held personally liable if the directors prove that they cannot be blamed and have applied good faith and prudence in running the company.

Land disputes are civil disputes that are often filed by justice seekers in the District Court. Recently, many inheritance disputes often occur in families, the inheritance in question is in the form of movable and immovable property. This research aims to determine the process of resolving inheritance land disputes due to falsification of wills in district court and the inhibiting factors which are useful as a reference. The type of research used is empirical research, by interviewing plaintiffs, defendants and co-defendants in case decision no. 44/Pdt.G/2011/PN.Gtlo.The results of the research show that resolving inheritance land disputes resulting from forgery of wills through the District Court is preferred as a solution because it is an institution that provides the justice desired by the plaintiff and its decisions have permanent legal force. Inhibiting factors found in the research process, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of lack of human resources, administrative services, and lack of facilities. And external factors consist of cost, time, good faith, lack of understanding of the parties, chaos in the trial, and lack of evidence. 

Directors have a crucial role in the company, with the potential for actions that are not in accordance with corporate governance that can be detrimental and cause conflicts of interest, threatening the company's growth. In this context, Good Corporate Governance becomes crucial as a supervision to prevent detrimental actions. This article discusses Directors' Transactions involving Conflicts of Interest and legal certainty of director actions. The research uses normative juridical methods, with a statutory regulatory approach as the basis. Actions or transactions with a conflict of interest are considered not to be a legal problem if they are carried out in good faith, in accordance with KEP-412/BL/2009. However, a different view emerges from the principles of good corporate governance which suggest avoiding transactions with conflicts of interest. The research conclusion confirms that directors, as holders of trust, cannot be held responsible for losses if they act in good faith. Although the law allows transactions with conflicts of interest, the principles of good corporate governance emphasize the importance of avoiding actions that involve conflicts of interest in order to maintain the principles of good corporate governance.

. In writing this article, Mordecai is often interpreted as a lesson about strong faith, greatness, and belief in divine providence. His actions are seen as an example of standing up for what is right and trusting in God's plan, even in the face of adversity. In a theological context, this research aims to provide an example of the importance of loyalty, greatness, and struggle in building strong faith and maintaining faith, as well as belief in God's faithfulness in the midst of life crises and providing inspiration in strengthening faith and obedience to God in any situation.

This research is motivated by the fact that the teaching and learning process of the subject of faith and morality (akidah akhlak) still relies predominantly on print media such as textbooks and largely employs lecture-based teaching methods. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) To determine the difference in learning outcomes in faith and morality between students using video learning media and those using print media; 2) To assess the extent of the contribution of video learning media to the improvement of learning outcomes in faith and morality among students who study using print media. This research follows a quantitative approach, specifically a quasiexperimental design known as Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The results of the study indicate  that: 1) There is a difference in learning outcomes in faith and morality between students in the  experimental and control groups, with tvalue = 2.249 > ttable = 1.677 at a significance level of 0.05. 2)  The contribution of the learning model to students' learning outcomes in faith and morality is 54%, while the remaining 46% is influenced by other factors not included in this study.

The existence of religion is an important part of a person's life, because it has sacred value and opens the mind to solve life's problems. Currently, diverse human personalities believe in faith and trust which is practiced every day as proof that they have a God who provides a better life and a fully realized leader for humanity. Islamic civilization is a journey towards the ability of Muslims to accept and understand their own development. Islam is a religion that has a big influence on the lives of society 5.0. The main issue is how Islam can form solutions to problems towards Islamic progress based on the level of technological development and human resource development in society in the 5.0 era. Therefore, according to this source, we can understand that Islamic civilization was formed primarily for the implementation of processes in the fields of science, society and culture as an example of the progress of Islamic society towards the teaching of the Islamic religion and its use. technology. Accepting the universal values ​​of Islamic civilization, the grace of the universe, beyond time and place, three pillars are built, namely faith, obedience and sincerity (akhlak/sufism) through technological developments in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, in the era of modernization, it is important to revive Islamic values ​​in education. It is hoped that it will be able to give birth to a generation with commendable morals and excellence in science and technology, so that it can prepare to face the era of society 5.0. The research method uses a method (library research) by collecting several literature related to the problems and objectives of the research. Data collection on the results of previous research is used as a benchmark to support data in research on the transformation of historical values ​​of Islamic civilization during society 5.0.

The existence of religion is an important part of a person's life, because it has sacred value and opens the mind to solve life's problems. Currently, diverse human personalities believe in faith and trust which is practiced every day as proof that they have a God who provides a better life and a fully realized leader for humanity. Islamic civilization is a journey towards the ability of Muslims to accept and understand their own development. Islam is a religion that has a big influence on the lives of society 5.0. The main issue is how Islam can form solutions to problems towards Islamic progress based on the level of technological development and human resource development in society in the 5.0 era. Therefore, according to this source, we can understand that Islamic civilization was formed primarily for the implementation of processes in the fields of science, society and culture as an example of the progress of Islamic society towards the teaching of the Islamic religion and its use. technology. Accepting the universal values ​​of Islamic civilization, the grace of the universe, beyond time and place, three pillars are built, namely faith, obedience and sincerity (akhlak/sufism) through technological developments in the era of Society 5.0. Therefore, in the era of modernization, it is important to revive Islamic values ​​in education. It is hoped that it will be able to give birth to a generation with commendable morals and excellence in science and technology, so that it can prepare to face the era of society 5.0. The research method uses a method (library research) by collecting several literature related to the problems and objectives of the research. Data collection on the results of previous research is used as a benchmark to support data in research on the transformation of historical values ​​of Islamic civilization during society 5.0.

The purpose of this article is to determine the forms of leadership in the elderly. The elderly group is the last stage of maturity in a person's life, which requires some kind of Christian education or church teachings, but not everyone reaches that age, so this age is often called the golden age. Most people think they don't need special education as they get older. What is meant by elderly is a person who has reached the age of 60 years and whose physical strength has weakened to such an extent that they are no longer able to earn a living. their strength or endurance and work are already limited. Spiritual formation for the elderly is very necessary to strengthen the faith of the elderly in their old age, whose physical abilities are increasingly decreasing, causing many problems for the elderly. Therefore, by using qualitative methods and a literary approach it can be concluded that the forms of spiritual education given to the elderly are: visits to nursing homes, counseling, worship/fellowship for the elderly, catechism before death, visits to nursing homes. leading prayer and meditation, involving the elderly in services and helping the elderly when they are sick. That's what coaches really need to give to seniors.    

The purpose of this study is to analyse the juridical review of the inheritance of a convert heir to a non-moslem sibling in the perspective of Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia. This research was conducted using descriptive analytical normative legal research, using secondary data obtained from literature studies as the main data and using primary data, namely related legislation as supporting data, research data collection techniques using library research, and data analysis using qualitative juridical data analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the judge's legal considerations when examined based on Islamic law, the siblings are already Catholic. A person who is of a different religion from the heir is cut off from the right to inherit because it is hindered by law, this is as the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and Article 171 letter c KHI. Article 172 KHI also states that a person's Islamic faith, apart from being seen from the Identity Card, can also be seen from confession or practice or testimony. The settlement of inheritance of different religions can be found through the Ijtihad method.

The responsibility of shareholders, known as the piercing the corporate veil doctrine, in the bankruptcy of a limited company based on Law Number 40 of 2007 is only limited to the share capital paid by shareholders to the company. The shareholder's responsibility for the shares paid up does not apply if proven; shareholders, whether directly or indirectly, in bad faith, use the limited liability company for personal interests, shareholders who are involved in unlawful behavior use the assets of the limited liability company for personal gain, which results in the assets of the limited liability company being reduced and insufficient to pay off the debts of the limited liability company. The General Meeting of Shareholders, hereinafter referred to as (GMS), is an organ of a limited liability company which has authority that is not delegated to the Board of Directors or the Board of Commissioners in carrying out its duties and authority. The duties and authorities of the GMS organs in the UUPT are; making changes to the articles of association, increasing the company's capital, reducing the company's capital, appointing directors, determining the amount of allowances for members of the board of directors, dismissing directors, appointing commissioners, determining the amount of honorarium salaries and allowances for commissioners, as well as appointing independent commissioners and dissolving the company.

This article discusses the role of catechesis and family dynamics in dealing with the complex dynamics of the contemporary era characterized by social change, technological advances, and moral crises. Social change poses new challenges in family structures and norms, requiring catechesis to align its guidelines with modern family realities. Meanwhile, technological progress requires the adaptation of catechesis to take advantage of new media without losing the essence of spiritual values. The moral crisis engulfing society reinforces the need for catechesis that can provide relevant ethical guidance. Family dynamics, as the basis of religious education, take center stage in understanding how catechesis can support the formation of character and moral values in the family environment. Collaboration between church and family was identified as a key element in ensuring holistic and effective religious education. Through this article, it is hoped that a deeper understanding of how catechesis can respond to changing times and remain relevant in forming the foundations of faith and morals in the contemporary family.

This research study has a theological aim of the meaning of Spirituality of Humility in a Christian context experiencing a crisis of faith. The background to the writing is the author's observation of several phenomena in the practical life of Christians in modern times which are experiencing degradation, such as lack of willingness, sacrifice, humility, love and faith. The problems experienced by the author believe are due to problems with Christian spirituality in modern times. The author observes the fact that modern humans do not appreciate the events of the cross and calvary (Jesus). This experience provides the principles of spirituality, crumbs and dry leaves, which can answer the problems of modern times. The spirituality of humility brings humans to become friends of Jesus. The author uses descriptive and bibliographic analysis methods. The author conducted a theological study of the meaning of spiritual humility from Eko Armada Riyanto's book "The Spirituality of Crumbs and Dry Leaves". The book used will show problems, which can be answered through the principles of spirituality based on humility. The results of this study are the basis for the implementation of Christian spirituality today. The author hopes to help, increase insight into the spiritual life of Christian life. Spirituality of humility brings people closer to God in whom they believe, spirituality makes people moved by love and affection in their lives. Spirituality brings humans to a deep awareness, especially humility, that comes from God. Becoming humble requires a very long process, so openness to God's love makes humans friends to all and willing to be shaped by God.

The enemy of progress is comfort. Some people might say, don't we need to feel comfortable in this life? This opinion is not completely wrong, but if we only pursue comfort, then we can get trapped in the comfort zone that we created ourselves. The comfort zone will make a person no longer productive and responsive to change. If someone is trapped in a comfort zone, then their life will quickly decline by it self. This research is motivated by ideal conditions and reality conditions regarding comfort zones and faith zones. The ideal condition is that young Christians must experience a breakthrough in their faith and work for God in accordance with the Bible and the reality is that many young Christians are still tied to their comfort zone. The aim to be achieved in this research is to release Christian youth out of their comfort zone into the faith zone. The research was conducted at the Indonesian Protestant Christian Church with church youth, using qualitative research. Based on research results, many young Christians are still comfortable in their comfort zone. Thus, we raised the title "Get out of the comfort zone into the faith zone". Therefore, it is recommended that every young Christian must first instill good Christian character and values according to the contents of the Bible.

Catechesis is the process of faith formation conducted by the Church to assist the faithful in understanding and living the Catholic faith. To design accurate contextual catechesis, catechists need to understand the needs and context of the society. In this regard, social analysis plays an important role in designing contextual catechesis. Social analysis is the process of collecting and analyzing data about society. This article focuses on the role of catechists in optimizing social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. The purpose of this article is to explain the role of catechists in optimizing social analysis, as well as the importance of social analysis for contextual catechesis. The issue in this article is how catechists can optimize social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. The implication of this study is that catechists need to have a good understanding of social analysis and how to optimize it in designing contextual catechesis. This article uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. The data used in this article is secondary data from various sources, such as books, articles, and journals. Based on the research results, it was found that catechists have an important role in optimizing social analysis to design accurate contextual catechesis. Social analysis is important in designing contextual catechesis because it can help catechists understand the needs and context of society, design relevant and effective catechesis, and improve the quality of catechesis.

This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes regarding the material of faith in angels through the use of audiovisual media. This media refers to a learning strategy that utilizes sound and image elements, so that in the process of absorbing the material, students can involve their senses of sight and hearing. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, practical tests, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed a significant increase in students' understanding of the material of faith in angels after the application of audiovisual media. In the first cycle, many students still had difficulty understanding the material. However, in the second cycle, a significant increase in the accuracy of their understanding was observed. Thus, the application of the audiovisual method has proven effective in improving students' skills in understanding the meaning of faith in angels.

This research aims to describe the application of the academic supervision model to supervisors in developing Islamic religious education teachers in Pondok Jambi City Faith Islamic Boarding School and Jambi City As'ad Islamic Boarding School. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The subject of this research is the supervisor, chairman Madrasah, teachers and students at the Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School, Jambi City and As'ad, Jambi City. Data collection The techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Processing technique and data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and verification or withdrawal.Conclusion The research results show that the implementation of academic supervision supervisor of the Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City and the As'ad Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City From a planning aspect, a monitoring program has been included because The supervisor has carried out planning before carrying out supervision activities by making agreement with the madrasah personnel who will be supervised so that they prepare themselves. However, that is The teacher development aspect has not gone well, so have many aspects of assessment. These are the results of the implementation of the supervisor's academic supervision on development of Islamic religious education teachers in Pondok The Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City and the As'ad Islamic Boarding School in Jambi City are not yet optimal so they still need to be done improved, especially in the development and assessment aspects

The Criminal Code is a body of laws that precisely governs how people behave in order to foster national development and alignment with state objectives, particularly for the Indonesian populace. One of the many tribes, nations, races, faiths, and civilizations that make up Indonesia is that it maintains the diversity of religious views among its citizens. There are believers of their own faiths in different parts of Indonesia, however the religions included in Presidential Determination Number 1 of 1965 are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The existence of Law Number 1 of 2023 is controversial because there is legal ambiguity regarding the form and basis of sanctions against perpetrators of religious blasphemy or beliefs. As a result, their rights have not yet been granted and there is no basis for legal regulations. The study's objective is to ascertain the criminal penalties that, under Law Number 1 of 2023, are meted out to those who commit acts of religious blasphemy as well as the legal foundations for those who do so. It is possible to determine the types of criminal penalties that are given to offenders of religious blasphemy under Law Number 1 of 2023 by using a normative juridical approach.