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This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.   Keywords: This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.    

This study examines the influence of Islamic intellectual transformation on the development of Western civilization, especially in the transfer of knowledge, technology, and cultural values ​​from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding the contribution of Islamic civilization in building the intellectual foundation for the rise of Europe. This study aims to identify and analyze the contributions of Muslim scientists in various disciplines, such as philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine, and how these thoughts were adopted and developed in the Western world. The method used is a qualitative approach through historical literature studies and comparative analysis of classical and modern documents. The findings show that Islamic intellectual thought played a significant role in accelerating Western intellectual development, through translations of scientific works and the influence of the thoughts of figures such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of recognizing the role of Islamic civilization in the history of global science, as well as the need to revitalize dialogue between civilizations to strengthen harmony and cross-cultural cooperation.

Emotional intelligence is one of the 3 human intelligences, emotional intelligence is how humans can control, manage and control feelings so that they can have awareness in behaving and socializing with their environment, teachers' strategies in the learning process that are not appropriate can cause students to be inactive and focused in learning, students are less enthusiastic and some students are noisy in class. The aim of this research is to find out how to strengthen the emotional intelligence of Ulul Albab Ngronggot Islamic Vocational School students and to find out how PAI teachers' strategies are in strengthening emotional intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis which discusses teacher strategies in strengthening students' emotional intelligence. The results of this research are teachers' strategies for strengthening students' emotional intelligence. First, learning includes interactive, interesting, challenging, motivational activities. Second, students' emotional intelligence includes self-awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy and social skills, namely being able to interact well.  

The development of digital technology has a major impact on Arabic language learning, both in terms of opportunities and obstacles. This journal aims to identify opportunities and obstacles in Arabic language learning from the perspective of teachers and students. This research approach uses qualitative methods with interviews and literature studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of how digital technology can improve or hinder the Arabic language learning process. The results of the study indicate that the existence of digital technology provides many great opportunities for Arabic language learning, including: First, access to learning materials becomes wider. Second, there is global interaction. Third. Learning becomes more innovative and interesting. Fourth. Efficiency of time and place of learning. Fifth. The existence of digital technology can help advance educational institutions to the international level. However, there are also significant challenges from the existence of digital technology in Arabic language learning, including: First, the lack of maturity of teachers and students in using and utilizing digital technology. Second, there is digital distraction. Third, there is a technological gap and others.

Islam entered and spread in Aceh in very fascinating and respectful manner. The previous preachers had created an extraordinary creativity in integrating Islamic teachings with Acehnese culture, making it widely accepted. This research aims to analyze the spiritual values that have merged with Acehnese culture in the Saman Dance, as well as analyze the meaning of the lyrics and movements in the Saman Dance that related to spiritual values. The data for this research was collected through library research using a qualitative approach. The analysis results indicate that the Saman Dance, as an expression of Acehnese culture, has successfully acculturated spiritual Islamic values with the local culture in a harmonious way. This is reflected in the movements and lyrics used in the dance, which convey Islamic spiritual values. The Saman Dance is not only an art form aimed at entertainment, but also serves as a medium to convey Islamic preachings messages.

This study aims to examine the motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from "non-pesantren" at the Al-Amien Islamic Institute (IDIA) Prenduan. The main focus of this study is to understand the factors that encourage and inhibit the motivation to learn Arabic for students who do not have a pesantren educational background. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students who graduated from non-pesantren have individual strategies in fostering motivation to learn Arabic, namely: starting with buying a vocabulary book, listening to Arabic conversations around them, bringing a dictionary, asking questions often, listening to Arabic songs, consistently memorizing vocabulary, reflecting on seniors and classmates who are proficient in Arabic, reducing sleep time, understanding their subjects. Motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from non-pesantren is influenced by intrinsic factors such as personal interests, academic goals, and support from the social and academic environment. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective learning strategies to increase motivation to learn Arabic among students with diverse educational backgrounds.

This research was motivated by the discovery of several problems faced by students, namely poor interest in learning, such as the level of activeness of students during the learning process and low interest of students in SKI learning. Students felt that in this learning there was no passion or interest, as indicated by students being less active in the learning process and student involvement in the SKI learning process also decreased. With these conditions, students quickly get bored and are not interested in participating in learning. As a result, difficulties arise that affect the learning objectives to be achieved. This study aims to determine the relationship between learning strategies and learning media with interest in learning Islamic Cultural History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi. The type of research used in this research is quantitative, correlational. The population is all class VIII students with a total of 347 students spread across 11 classes. The sample in this research used the Probability Sampling technique using Simple Random Sampling, and the total research sample was 78 students. Data was collected through questionnaires, observation and documentation analyzed using normality tests, linearity tests, multiple correlation analysis and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the results show that there is a relationship between learning strategies on student interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Culture History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi City and the relationship between learning media on student interest in learning in the subject of Islamic Culture History class VIII at MTsN 1 Bukittinggi City, as evidenced by the results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation test on the relationship between learning strategies and interest in learning with a Pearson correlation value of 0.382 and a significant value of 0.001 <0.05. While the Pearson correlation test results on the relationship between learning media and interest in learning are 0.236 with a significant value of 0.038 <0.05. Furthermore, the results of the Pearson correlation test on the relationship between learning strategies and media with learning interest are <0.05, which is certainly valid and related. Based on this value, it can be seen that the relationship between learning strategies to interest in learning is interconnected and the relationship between learning media to interest in learning is interconnected, so Ha is accepted.

This research was motivated by field observations at MAN 2 Payakumbuh City in October 2021, which found that most students did not perform dhuha prayer. The reasons found include lack of facilities such as clean mukena, laziness, and lack of understanding of the virtues of dhuha prayer. This habit shows the low awareness of students of the importance of familiarizing dhuha prayer as part of daily life. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants consisted of MAN 2 Payakumbuh students as key informants, and PAI teachers as supporting informants. The results showed that PAI teachers' efforts in developing students' disciplinary character through habituation of dhuha prayers included the application of punishments such as ruku for several minutes and additional assignments, such as memorizing verses of the Qur'an. In addition, teachers provide motivation, advice, and good examples. Support from the school, teachers, and student guardians is a supporting factor for the success of this program. However, there are obstacles such as differences in student characters, lack of collaboration between teachers, and lack of parental support. One of the main obstacles is the lack of understanding provided by other teachers about the importance of dhuha prayer, which results in low participation.

This research discusses the development of philosophy of science in the context of management science in the era of digitalization. With a qualitative approach, this research identifies the role of philosophy of science as a conceptual foundation in facing the challenges of the digital era, such as automation, big data and artificial intelligence. This study outlines the three main pillars of the philosophy of science, namely ontology, epistemology and axiology, and their application in the development of management theory and practice. The research results show that integrating the philosophy of science in management can increase adaptability, innovation and ethics in organizational management in the digital era. This research recommends strengthening management education based on the philosophy of science to produce leaders who are competent and broad-minded

This research aims to analyze the implementation of summative evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMA Negeri 1 Mojolaban. Summative evaluation is carried out through written and oral tests to assess student achievement in cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, especially in Al-Qur'an and Hadith subjects. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, collecting data through interviews, observation and document analysis. The research results show that summative evaluation is effective in assessing student achievement while identifying learning needs. Challenges that arise, such as varying abilities to memorize and read the Qur'an, are successfully overcome through individual approaches and varied evaluation strategies. This research highlights the importance of combining formative and summative evaluation to provide ongoing feedback. Recommendations include teacher training, use of technology, and collaboration with parents to increase the effectiveness of evaluation and learning.

This study aims to describe the role of the concept of taqwa in Islamic education as a moral guide to achieve the ultimate goal of human education. Taqwa, as one of the core concepts in Islam, has a profound meaning and is very influential in shaping the character of individuals who believe and are responsible in the life of this world and the hereafter. Islamic education seeks to form human beings who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have high spiritual awareness. The concept of taqwa in Islamic education integrates spiritual, moral, and intellectual aspects that include practicing the teachings of Allah in daily life, social interaction, and achieving balanced life goals between this world and the hereafter. This study uses a library research method by analyzing various literature related to taqwa in the perspective of Islamic education, including interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, and Islamic education books. The results of the study show that the application of taqwa values in education is expected to form a generation that is not only successful in this world, but also survived in the hereafter. Therefore, Islamic education based on the concept of taqwa aims to create individuals who have a balance between worldly intelligence and spiritual depth, so that they can achieve worldly happiness and salvation in the hereafter.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement of students' Arabic language skills through an internship program. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach to investigate the various teaching methods used during the internship program and their impact on students' Arabic language skills. We collected numerical data to assess the improvement of Arabic language skills. Pre and post-tests are used to measure progress before and after the internship program. The instruments used include Arabic language tests, questionnaires, and language skills assessment scales. The study used the Likert scale to assess participants' perceptions of the internship program In addition, the mastery of vocabulary and the teaching methods used also play an important role in improving students' Arabic language skills. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective Arabic teaching methods.

The learning process serves as a pathway to achieving basic competencies within curriculum implementation. This study aims to describe the implementation of teaching and its evaluation on the topic of thaharah, specifically in the chapter on wudu. The research approach employed is qualitative, with a case study methodology. The researcher collected data through interviews with teachers and students, documentation, and observation during the learning process. The findings indicate that the teaching implementation was carried out optimally, including opening activities such as greetings and providing motivation, core activities such as explaining and demonstrating lessons, and closing activities such as reflection and question-and-answer sessions. The assessment conducted by the teacher aligns with the demands of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which requires evaluation from cognitive, psychomotor, and affective aspects as part of an authentic assessment approach.  

This article explains Islamic education during the time of Sultan Mahmud II in 1808-1839 in the Ottoman Empire. Sultan Mahmud II is known for his reform policies which had an impact on various sectors, including education. In the context of Islamic education, he seeks to update the curriculum, teaching methods and structure of educational institutions to respond to the challenges of the developing modern era, both in political, social and cultural contexts. The aim of this research is to find out about Islamic education during the time of Sultan Mahmud II. The method used in this research is library research, namely research that obtains data using reading results from literature such as books, journal articles and other reading materials. The results of the research and discussion of this article show that the education carried out by Sultan Mahmud II was focused on renewing Islamic education by incorporating general knowledge into the educational curriculum. Sultan Mahmud II also founded public schools, such as Maktebi Ma'arif and Maktebi Ulum'i Edibiyet, as well as medical, military, and engineering schools. Islamic education in modern times is experiencing an important transition, although it remains based on strong Islamic religious values.

In 2007, the President of the Republic of Indonesia issued a government regulation on the implementation of religious education which recognizes that this type of Islamic education has made a great contribution to national development. The regulation explains that religious education such as Islamic boarding schools can be managed formally. Following the government regulation, the Minister of Religion then issued a Ministerial Regulation in 2014 to officially recognize pesantren as a traditional-based education. The regulation allows for the integration of yellow book-based education that allocates 70% or more of the curriculum to Islamic studies and Arabic, while 30% to general subjects. The formalization process of traditional Islamic education reached its peak with the passage of Law No. 18 of 2019 concerning Islamic boarding schools which was ratified on September 24, 2019. The pesantren system must be modernized and run classrooms under the madrasah system. On the other hand, the 2019 law recognizes many aspects of traditional pesantren traditions, including those that advocate the study of the yellow book. According to the law, the government is currently responsible for supporting the implementation of Islamic boarding school tradition-based education as well as support for public schools and madrasas. One of the Islamic boarding school educational institutions that has implemented the Islamic boarding school law is the Sunan Drajat Islamic Boarding School. Sunan Drajat Heritage Islamic Boarding School, one of the nine guardians, since 1994 has established a Mu'allimin-Mu'allimat institution whose curriculum has integrated the pesantren curriculum with the general education curriculum.

Learning evaluation is an important part of the education process. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), evaluation is not only centered on the knowledge aspect, but also assesses the development of students' religious character. This study aims to examine the influence of learning evaluation on student learning outcomes at SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, and to describe the learning strategies applied by educators in an effort to improve these results. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study revealed that learning evaluation was carried out in various forms, such as daily assignments, mid-semester tests (PTS), and end-of-semester assessments (PAS). The strategies applied by teachers include providing role models, giving rewards, delivering moral messages, sharing inspiring experiences, and developing honest and polite behavior. Structured and integrated evaluation with this learning strategy has a meaningful impact on student learning outcomes, both in academic aspects and character development.

The level of depth of Aqidah in the people of Bonto Masunggu Village, Bone Regency is stated to be in the good category, proven by the people who believe in the existence of Allah and they do not worship except Allah, they have carried out Allah's commands and avoided all prohibitions, so that in the process of cultivating the depth of Aqidah in the community declared good. Its understanding in the form of prayer can be seen in the following explanation 1) Many people understand the statement regarding the understanding of worship in the form of prayer because they understand its implementation well so they always carry out prayers in congregation in the mosque. 2) Most people who understand worship in the form of prayer understand it because there is guidance and guidance regarding the proper implementation of prayer. 3) The community's statement regarding the understanding of worship in the form of prayer no longer lacks understanding and does not understand at all because there are no people in Uru Hamlet who do not perform prayer services. In general, they understand the teachings of the Islamic religion well and thank God, thanks to the progress of the people there, they have or always practice the teachings of Islam and these people practice the teachings of the Islamic religion in society by carrying out all the commands of Allah SWT. This research aims to determine the understanding of the Aqidah and practice of worship of the people of Bonto Masunggu Village, Bone Regency. The type of research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. By using observation guide instruments, interview guidelines and documentation notes. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing.

This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data sources in this research are homeroom teachers and students at Ad-Dzikir Elementary School, Pragaan Village. Data collection uses interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses Miles and Huberman's theory which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. Then, check the validity of the data using source triangulation by comparing the results of interviews from several informants.The results of this research are that at Ad-Dzikir elementary school, implementing (1) the application of religiosity values ​​through the midday prayer program in congregation can build discipline and responsibility; (2) The application of religiosity values ​​through memorizing juz 'Amma and surah munjiyat can shape students' affective aspects in the realm of characteristics; (3) Applying religious values ​​through instilling good behavior can shape students' affective aspects in the realm of acceptance. Meanwhile, supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of religiosity values ​​in shaping students' affective aspects, of the supporting factors there are teacher factors and parent factors. The inhibiting factors consist of the environment, family, and factors within the child.  

Islam Nusantara is an Islamic concept that integrates Islamic teachings with the local wisdom of the archipelago, offering a moderate, tolerant, and contextual approach. This concept is rooted in the long history of Islamic acculturation with local culture through peaceful channels, arts, and traditions. As a model of thought, Islam Nusantara emphasises the universality of Islam applied according to the local socio-cultural context, prioritising the values of moderation (wasathiyah), interfaith tolerance, and respect for tradition. In religious praxis, Islam Nusantara includes traditions such as tahlilan, slametan, and the Prophet's maulid, which serve as a means of da'wah and strengthening social solidarity. However, challenges such as globalisation and misunderstanding of the concept require a strategic response to keep Islam Nusantara relevant. As a model of thought and practice, Islam Nusantara reflects the flexibility of Islam in dealing with modern dynamics without losing its principles of universality. With an inclusive approach, Islam Nusantara has the potential to inspire Muslim communities around the world to integrate Islamic teachings with local culture in harmony.

The holistic learning model in the Muhammadiyah subject at SMK Muhammadiyah Ngawen was developed to answer the challenges of education that tends to prioritize cognitive aspects without paying attention to the integration of spiritual, emotional, and social values. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to analyze the concept, stages, and implementation of the holistic learning model. The results of the study indicate that this model is able to integrate cognitive, affective, and psychomotor dimensions through contextual, experiential, and reflective approaches that are relevant to students' needs. The learning stages include self-understanding, relationship development, contextual learning, direct experience, reflection, implementation, and continuous development. This model also emphasizes collaboration with the Muhammadiyah community, utilization of technology, and strengthening the role of teachers as learning facilitators. Through a holistic approach, students not only understand Muhammadiyah values ​​theoretically but are also able to apply them in everyday life, form an Islamic character with integrity, and become agents of positive change in society. This study makes an important contribution to the development of holistic education in Islamic-based schools.