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Competency standards are a breakthrough in the world of education in improving the quality of teachers so as to make teachers not only professional but competent in their fields.  This is an implementation of the national education system law, the national standard of education (SNP), the Teacher and Lecturer Law (UUGD), which is realized in the RPP on teachers which will soon be passed. Departing from the above thinking, the author takes the title "Principal's Manajmen in Improving Teacher Competence at SMP Negeri 21 Bandar Lampung" which aims to describe teacher competence and efforts to improve it, as well as supporting and inhibiting factors in efforts to improve teacher competence at SMP Negeri 21 Bandar Lampung. In this study, there are theoretical approaches listed in chapter one and chapter two which explain the theory of efforts to improve teacher competence at SMP Negeri 21 Bandar Lampung, then in chapter three the research methods used are qualitative descriptive, and chapter four research results and exposure to research findings data, chapter five discussion or data analysis, and chapter six are conclusions and suggestions. The data that has been obtained explains that the real state of teacher competence at SMP Negeri 21 Bandar Lampung states that every aspect of competence such as pedagogic competence or teacher learning management ability is stated to be still not very masterful and still below standard, but in the aspects of evaluating learning outcomes, understanding students, and implementing educational and dialogical learning, it can be said to be good.

Initially, the organization was a bridge in forming a component that could be used as a member to solve a problem. The essence of a learning organization is the organization's ability to utilize the mental capacities of all its members to create the kind of process that will improve it.Organizations where people continually develop their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and evolving patterns of thinking are fostered, where group aspirations are given freedom, and where people are continually learning studying (learning to learn) something together, but in general organizations have become a discourse in activities that can be used as part of a group. Basically, this is because humans are social creatures, which in this context is homo socius. This fact is a natural characteristic.It is impossible for humans to live alone, apart from society, groups or living with their communities. Humans are creatures that think and can develop. Every human being has the instinct to live in society. To fulfill these various needs, humans must collaborate because they will not be able to fulfill their own needs. That is where the level of human limitations is a reflection that humans need cooperation and that forum is found in organizations.

The purpose of writing this journal is to analyze the psychological subject of Raskolnikov, the main character in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment from the perspective of psychoanalytic theory. This journal outlines an in-depth psychological analysis of the characters and context of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment". This novel tells the story of a poor student named Rodion Raskolnikov, who decides to plan the murder of an old woman, which he thinks is an event that can bring social benefits. Throughout the story, Raskolnikov experiences inner conflict and is overcome by feelings of guilt. This journal also outlines the ideas of psychological theory that can be applied to understanding Raskolnikov's character, including the concepts of desire, inner conflict, and moral conflict. The author also examines the impact of psychological concepts such as psychoanalytic thinking and wisdom on human behavior in the context of this journal. The results of the analysis show that this novel is a deep reflection on the complexity of human psychology, depicting the tension between desire, morality and common sense considerations. Overall, the novel invites readers to reflect on the nature of crime, punishment, and human wisdom through a deep psychological lens.

This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, where the data analyzed consists of words and quotations taken from the novel "Rainbows and Rain" by Orina Fazrina. The primary data source for this research is the novel itself, identified as "Rainbows and Rain" by Orina Fazrina. Data collection methods involve reading and note-taking, utilizing suitable research instruments. Data analysis encompasses the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. . The results of this study will be mangulas using Sigmun Freud's Theory of Personality (Id, Ego and Superego). In addition, this study will also analyze the character of the main character Ana in the novel Rainbow and Rain Between Memories and Wishful Thinking by Orina Fazrina.

In the study under study is related to the study of fiction, namely a novel where the novel is a type of fiction genre that is written in writing where it has several elements of imagination and also in writing where it has some elements of imagination and is also related to wishful thinking while literary criticism is an analysis related to the analysis that deals with the examination of elements that have errors so that the critique generally focuses on the author's some of the author's confusion in writing so that the literature criticism is the result of evaluating a piece of literature. This review aims to describe and reveal violence against female characters in Ameylia Falensia's Nobel. This research utilizes the psychoanalysis method, namely to find out how the deviation in the character and what causes it. In this scope, the researcher took a study that focuses on one of the literary works entitled focused on one literary work entitled 00.00 a pair of wounds that ended in grief written by Ameylia Falensia that ends with grief written by Ameylia Falensia. The results of this study found that there were several cases of psychological and psychological violence. Where the victims generally get a sense of trauma and fear that can trigger a person to do activities that are not in accordance with a person's activity is not in accordance with his reasoning so that it always ends with murder.

In the study under study is related to the study of fiction, namely a novel where the novel is a type of fiction genre that is written in writing where it has several elements of imagination and also in writing where it has some elements of imagination and is also related to wishful thinking while literary criticism is an analysis related to the analysis that deals with the examination of elements that have errors so that the critique generally focuses on the author's some of the author's confusion in writing so that the literature criticism is the result of evaluating a piece of literature. This review aims to describe and reveal violence against female characters in Ameylia Falensia's Nobel. This research utilizes the psychoanalysis method, namely to find out how the deviation in the character and what causes it. In this scope, the researcher took a study that focuses on one of the literary works entitled focused on one literary work entitled 00.00 a pair of wounds that ended in grief written by Ameylia Falensia that ends with grief written by Ameylia Falensia. The results of this study found that there were several cases of psychological and psychological violence. Where the victims generally get a sense of trauma and fear that can trigger a person to do activities that are not in accordance with a person's activity is not in accordance with his reasoning so that it always ends with murder.

Technology develops from time to time influenced by human activities and needs that continue to increase as well. Technological developments also play a role in helping the agricultural sector. Through technological developments, many problems in agriculture can be resolved. One of the problems is in agricultural extension activities, where farmer participation in extension activities is low in some areas. This research aims to build UI/UX design for an agricultural mobile application called Sobatani which is useful for connecting farmers with agricultural extension workers.  This research uses the Design Thinking method which consists of five stages including empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and testing. The test results using the Single East Question (SEQ) method obtained a total average of 6.6, indicating that the UI design is fairly effective and successful. Although there are some misclicks, so it is necessary to iterate on the Log in and Weather Forecast pages. The use of the Design Thinking method has proven effective in understanding user needs and designing solutions that can provide these needs.

Implementing a schoolfacilities is a management plan to manage and maintain educational institutions such as schools, academies and multi-academy trusts can be an overwhelming task. However, having an effective facility management system such as facility management software and also hardware can provide several benefits. For example, improving learning environments, improving school quality and quantity and supporting the educational outcomes of every student. If almost 50% of teachers believe that their workplace harms their well-being, it is worth thinking about how the introduction of a commercial venue and facility could help.

Collaborative learning is learning that involves students by forming small groups that work together to solve problems that aim to encourage students to play an active role and be able to think critically during learning. The characteristics of the collaborative learning model are considered to be able to train students' stimulus so that it can train and improve students' critical thinking skills. Collaborative learning is expected to be able to improve thinking skills and high thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills. Based on the results of the articles we have reviewed, it shows that collaborative learning that is applied can significantly provide benefits in improving thinking skills. However, there are some challenges that must be addressed such as time management of collaborative learning implementation and ensuring that all students get the same opportunity as other students.

The purpose of this study is to examine how much critical reading skills affect individuals in their life. Critical reading becomes an essential skill to distinguish between reliable information and not, as well as to understand the implications and consequences of a decision. By reading critically, one can identify different perspectives, consider relevant facts, and develop a deeper understanding of an issue before making a decision. The method of writing this article uses library research, a method of collecting data by understanding and studying the theories of various literature related to research. Decision-making ability cannot arise naturally, but needs to be built and trained in children early. One effective method for improving decision-making ability is to train critical reading skills. Critical reading is a process of analysis of the content of the text, in which the reader uses the critical thinking process to evaluate and decide whether to accept or reject information submitted by the author.

Gamification system-based learning is a learning method that uses game elements and game thinking in a non-game environment to improve student behavior and engagement in the learning process. The concept of gamification in learning minimizes lectures by teachers about the material, and emphasizes interactivity and student involvement in learning. This research uses the literature review method to comprehensively analyze articles published from 2020 to 2023, of course with several specifications determined and 4 articles selected. The results of this research state that the gamification method is very effective and appropriate for increasing student learning motivation, because in implementing gamification students are required to be active during the learning process and also present interactive material.

The aim of this research is to find out what media can improve the thinking abilities of slow learner ABK students. The method used in this research design is a literature review study. Literature study is a form of research used to collect data sources related to a topic found in the field. Data collection for literature studies was carried out using the Google Scholar search tool. The screening results matched the required data, there were 7 national journal articles based on the articles found and analyzed. The results of this research are the discovery of media that are suitable and can support the success of slow learner ABK students in improving their thinking abilities, namely bussy box media, stamp game media, and puzzles.

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) is a way of thinking for students at a higher cognitive level. This research aims to prove whether the implementation of HOTS-based learning has an impact in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature review using the Google Scholar and Semantik Scholar databases for the 2020-2023 period. The HOTS-based learning model focuses on developing analyzing, evaluating and creating which refers to students' abilities in critical thinking. Based on the 8 selected articles, it shows that the implementation of HOTS learning in mathematics subjects can be implemented through learning models such as Game Based Learning or Digital Game Based Learning, teacher skills in implementing learning and developing assessments need to be considered. The application of HOTS learning is considered effective and able to improve students' critical thinking skills.

The storytelling competition, as one of the featured competitions in the 2022 Langsep Challenge at Santa Maria Langsep Catholic High School, Malang, was the main highlight of the event. This event showcases the creativity and expertise of the competition participants in telling stories in an interesting and engaging way. Participants from various junior high schools compete to win the champion title in this competition. The various stories presented include interesting themes related to folklore. The competition jury, which consists of experienced lecturers, observes and assesses each participant's presentation based on criteria such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, how to tell a story, mastery of the stage, clothing, properties used, moral message, time management, and so on. This competition is not only an opportunity to show students' speaking skills, but also develop creative thinking and self-expression skills. With full support from the school and the enthusiasm of the participants, the Story Telling Competition at Langsep Challenge 2022 created an atmosphere full of enthusiasm and joy among students.

The author provides training and guidance aimed at improving student competence in terms of communication, creative thinking, collaboration and creativity at the 2023 national level Ki Hajar STEM activities. This research uses quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental type. There are two stages in this research, the preparation stage, namely the preparation stage before the competition and the implementation stage, namely the stage of participating in the Kihajar STEM competition activities. The innovation they created, namely a cellphone device or automatic sprinkler based on solar cells, increased their abilities in terms of creativity and were able to work together in making this cellphone device which was used as a tool to compete in the Kihajar STEM competition. 4C competencies consist of critical thinking competencies, creativity competencies, communication competencies and collaborative competencies.

The author provides training and guidance aimed at improving student competence in terms of communication, creative thinking, collaboration and creativity at the 2023 national level Ki Hajar STEM activities. This research uses quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental type. There are two stages in this research, the preparation stage, namely the preparation stage before the competition and the implementation stage, namely the stage of participating in the Kihajar STEM competition activities. The innovation they created, namely a cellphone device or automatic sprinkler based on solar cells, increased their abilities in terms of creativity and were able to work together in making this cellphone device which was used as a tool to compete in the Kihajar STEM competition. 4C competencies consist of critical thinking competencies, creativity competencies, communication competencies and collaborative competencies.

This study attempted to improve students’ achievement in writing descriptive text through picture word inductive model at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong. This title got from the result of  observation that the researcher found in SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong that many students have difficulties in writing descriptive text. Some of them do not have any ideas to write, when they have come with the idea, they do not know how to write in English. They also have difficulty in using the convention of English grammar. PWIM (Picture Word Inductive Model) is a model of study that uses pictures and words to stimulate students’ thinking inductively, from the specific thinking (looking at the picture and words) to general thinking (making the picture and the words that available become a sentence then a paragaph. By applying picture word inductive model, students can enrich their vocabularies while they identify the picture. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of this research was the students in grade VII-D SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong. There was found that the students have low achievement in writing descriptive text. The research was conducted in two cycles. There were three meetings for each cycle. Based on the scores of writing test, it was found that students’ scores kept improving in every writing test. The students’ mean score in the first writing test was (46.57) and the students’ mean score in the second writing test was (67.10). Finally, the students’ mean score in the third writing test was (93.10).

This research aims to increase students' active critical thinking in Civics Learning by implementing the Discovery Learning Learning Model. The subjects in this research were class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros with a total of 34 students, consisting of 21 male students and 13 female students. The research method used in this research is Kemmis and Mc Taggart using a classroom action research design consisting of two cycles. In this research, it is a multiple choice test which is carried out at the end of the cycle. The results of this research show that student learning outcomes in cycle I obtained an average score of 60 and an average percentage score of 60%, while classical completeness was 60% in the sufficient category and continued in the next cycle in the second cycle actions obtained an average of 83 .0, the average percentage score of 83.0% with classical completeness of 90% is in the very good category. The results of the data in cycle II activities have met the KKM which has been determined by student learning outcomes in PPKn learning obtained in cycle I and cycle II, showing that there has been an average increase of 30%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning learning model can increase active critical thinking in PPKn learning for class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

The development of the times is so fast that the role of education becomes very important in helping students to have a high skilled side.  The use of project-based learning models is one way to help students think creatively. This learning model is often called project-based learning which is included in the independent curriculum. The project-based learning model is designed to facilitate the development of students' creativity skills through the application of real projects that are relevant to the learning material.  This research uses a qualitative method based on literature study. The data contained in this study comes from previous studies that have been documented in the form of journals and books.  The results showed that the application of project-based learning model was significantly able to improve students' creative thinking ability. Students showed improvement in the ability to formulate new ideas, solve complex problems, and collaborate effectively. In addition, they developed positive attitudes towards learning, increased motivation, and experienced improvements in the understanding of learning concepts. This research contributes to understanding the use of project-based learning model, as an effective strategy to enhance students' creativity in educational contexts. The application of the findings in this study can help educators and policy makers