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Indonesia is a country with high diversity, both in terms of ethnicity, religion, culture and language. This diversity is the nation's wealth, but it can also be a potential for the emergence of division and conflict. Efforts to maintain national unity and unity are very important in the Indonesian context. National integrity is an important parameter in realizing national unity and integrity. The purpose of this writing is to understand the urgency of national integrity as national unity and integrity. By using the Literature review method, namely collecting library data and information by exploring knowledge or science from sources such as books, journals, written works, lecture notes and several other sources that are related to the research object. The research results show the importance of national integration: National integration is very important to build the unity and integrity of the Indonesian nation. This integration reflects an effort to combine various elements in society, including ethnicity, culture and religion, into one strong national entity. Preventing Internal Conflict: National integration plays an important role in preventing internal conflict that could threaten the integrity of the country. This integration helps reduce inequality and injustice, which are the roots of internal conflict. Building National Identity: National integration helps build and strengthen national identity. National identity is the basis for citizens' sense of pride in their country. Through integration, shared values, national symbols and shared history can be explored and promoted. Development of National Integration: National integration enables countries to provide better services and build national unity. This integration also helps raise awareness of a common identity, strengthen national identity, and build national unity.

The civil law and common law systems are two primary approaches in global legal systems, each with unique principles, histories, and applications. Civil law, widely implemented in most European countries and those influenced by the Roman system, is based on the systematic codification of written laws. The main sources of this law are legal codes and legislation issued by legislative bodies. Judges interpret the law by referring to the established legal texts. On the other hand, common law developed in England and subsequently influenced countries that were once British colonies, such as the United States and Australia. This system emphasizes legal precedents set by judges' decisions in previous cases. Its principle is the doctrine of stare decisis, which means respecting previous decisions when similar cases arise in court. Key differences between them include the way laws are formed, the role of judges, and the approach to evidence. Civil law tends to be more structured and based on legislation, whereas common law is more flexible, relying on case interpretations to form the law. Nonetheless, globalization has led to the adoption of elements from both systems in other countries, creating hybrid or mixed systems in modern legal practice.

Adolescent delinquency behavior often stems from teenagers' involvement with peer groups at school or in the educational environment. This can develop into more serious criminal behavior later on. Adolescents engaged in delinquent behavior can be categorized as Juvenile Offenders (JO). Peer groups provide a social environment in which JOs can learn and develop various aspects of themselves; however, they also serve as a primary source of negative influence. Similar habitus within social groups reinforce solidarity and camaraderie within them, which may be a reason for teenagers to join peer groups from the same social class. This also provides a sense of comfort and acceptance, while joining groups from different social classes can lead to feelings of inferiority and inequality. Thus, peer groups can have both positive and negative implications depending on the social conditions within a peer group.

This article discusses strategies for optimizing sustainable development to increase the professionalism of madrasa teachers. Sustainable development is a systematic and ongoing effort aimed at improving teacher competence, performance and motivation in carrying out their duties. In the madrasa context, increasing teacher professionalism is not only important to improve the quality of education, but also to support the achievement of the goals of holistic Islamic education. Through descriptive qualitative research methods, this article identifies several key factors that influence madrasa teacher professionalism, including training and development, supervision, and school culture. The research results show that training programs that are sustainable and relevant to teachers' needs, support from madrasah leaders, and a conducive work environment, play a crucial role in increasing teacher professionalism. This article suggests implementing a sustainable development program integrated with regular evaluation to ensure its effectiveness. In this way, it is hoped that the professionalism of madrasa teachers can be increased significantly, which in turn will have a positive impact on the quality of education and the formation of students' character.

Citizenship Education  in higher education institutions plays a crucial role in shaping students' character as responsible and contributive citizens. This article discusses the fundamental concepts, history, foundations, urgency, and goals of CE in universities. CE focuses on character formation, Indonesian identity, national pride, and love for the homeland. The history of Citizenship Education  dates back to 1957 with the introduction of civics. The foundations of CE encompass philosophical, juridical, and sociological aspects. The urgency of CE lies in fostering critical thinking and preparing the youth for the future. The objective of CE is to equip students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to become active and responsible citizens.

Bangkalan Regency, located in the province of East Java, Indonesia, is known for its vibrant street vendor culture, which plays an important role in the local economy. However, despite their cultural and economic significance, street vendors in Bangkalan face various challenges that hinder their competitiveness and sustainability. This research was designed to describe the six variables of Donald Van Metter and Carl Van Horn's model in the implementation of the Street Vendor Arrangement policy as an effort to increase business competitiveness in Bangkalan district. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. There is Donald Van Metter and Carl Van Horn's variable model, standard; objective; and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of the implementing organization, implementing attitudes, communication between organizations, socio-economic and political environment. This policy is seen from the six variables in the Donald Van Metter and Carl Van Horn Model in the implementation of the Street Vendor Arrangement policy as an effort to increase business competitiveness in Bangkalan district which has been implemented. However, there are obstacles faced by local governments in implementing street vendor control policies, including the government's low motivation in implementing policy outreach, the lack of strategic relocation solutions, and the existence of pressure groups, namely street vendors in Bangkalan district, who violate government regulations.

This study aims to explore the application of human resource management (HRM) strategies in improving the work motivation of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). ASN work motivation is a critical factor that affects the performance of government organizations, the efficiency of public services, and the achievement of national strategic goals. In this context, various aspects of HR management such as recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal systems, and provision of incentives and rewards are identified as key factors that can increase ASN work motivation. This research methodology uses a qualitative approach through literature studies. The results showed that transparent and meritocracy-based recruitment, continuous training, and a fair and objective performance appraisal system are very influential in increasing ASN work motivation. In addition, the provision of appropriate incentives and rewards for work achievements has also proven effective in encouraging ASN enthusiasm and productivity. This study also revealed that a conducive work environment and inspirational leadership play an important role in building ASN's intrinsic motivation. The conclusion of this study confirms that strategic and integrated HR management is key to improving ASN work motivation, which in turn will contribute to improving the quality of public services and the effectiveness of government organizations. Practical recommendations from this study include the implementation of more inclusive HR policies, development of training programs relevant to ASN needs, and improvement of performance-based reward and incentive mechanisms. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and HR managers in an effort to strengthen ASN motivation and performance in Indonesia.

This research aims to describe motivation and work discipline on employee performance at PT. Setiajaya Mobilindo Depok. Motivation and work discipline play an important role in improving employee performance. Because with motivation, employees will be motivated to increase their energy and thoughts in realizing the achievement of company goals. Providing motivation will influence the level of work discipline aimed at achieving optimal performance. This research uses a quantitative approach with a causal associative type of research. The population was 58 employees and the sample used was a saturated sample. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. Data processing uses the SPSS version 25 program with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it is known that 1) the motivation variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT employees. Setiajaya Mobilindo Depok. 2) The work discipline variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT employees. Setiajaya Mobilindo Depok. Meanwhile 3) simultaneously motivation and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on the performance of PT employees. Setiajaya Mobilindo Depok.

Through literature analysis, this study identifies various concepts, methods and practices related to Green Accounting. This concept includes carbon footprint measurement, product life cycle analysis, environmental impact evaluation and sustainability reporting. Methods such as input-output analysis, environmental cost analysis, and ecological value evaluation are used to measure and account for the environmental impact of a company's activities. The research results show that implementing Green Accounting can help companies identify opportunities for resource efficiency, reduce environmental risks, improve the company's image, and meet stakeholder demands regarding sustainability. However, challenges such as limited data, measurement complexity, and lack of uniform standards are still obstacles in implementing Green Accounting. The global perspective in this study highlights differences in the acceptance and implementation of Green Accounting in various countries and industrial sectors. Several developed countries have adopted regulations that encourage sustainability reporting, while developing countries still face challenges in integrating Green Accounting principles into their business practices. Thus, this research concludes that Green Accounting has an important role in encouraging corporate sustainability globally. Further research is needed to overcome implementation challenges and increase understanding of the positive impacts that can be generated through implementing Green Accounting in the context of corporate sustainability.

Along with the development of technology and the advancement of the world of education, it has both negative and positive impacts. The negative impact that occurred was that various social problems were still found, specifically at SMP Negeri 3 Kedungwaru. The problem of a lack of social care is a challenge for social studies teachers in particular. In this case, apart from providing teaching regarding understanding, teachers through their role are also required to be able to instill good attitudes and morals in students. One example of a student's caring attitude that is still low is the lack of an attitude of helping or helping each other and a high level of indifference to each other among students. The approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The research location is at SMP Negeri 3 Kedungwaru, Tulungagung Regency. The respondents interviewed were 2 social studies teachers, 6 students from class VIII-F and 6 students from class VIII-H. Data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that teachers play a very good role in the social studies learning process by integrating social care attitudes into their learning materials, school institutions have clean Friday and infaq programs to help instill social care attitudes in students and there are still some students who have an indifferent attitude and not helping each other.  

The ability of a nation to progress depends on its level of education. The quality of human resources produced is influenced by how good the quality of education is. Therefore, teachers play an important role in ensuring the success of education. Teachers' skills in teaching are key in creating meaningful learning for students. This research is intended to understand the teacher's skills in organizing learning variations, especially in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SDIT 1 Daarussalaam Sangatta. The research method used is a qualitative approach of field research type through data collection from observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study highlighted the importance of variations in teaching styles, the use of media and learning tools, as well as communication patterns of interaction with students in order to create a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere. The findings show that variation in learning plays a key role in motivating learners and teachers have an important role in ensuring such variation through three main components, especially in PAI learning at SDIT 1 Daarussalaam, namely variation in teaching styles that can be used by developing existing learning methods to be more varied and involve more activities for learners, the use of IT-based learning media and tools, and communication patterns of interaction with learners that can be done with many-way communication. Learning variations not only make teaching and learning activities more interesting but also facilitate better understanding for learners in order to achieve the desired learning objectives

This study attempts to define the idea of PAI teachers in enhancing moral development in students, investigate the role of PAI teachers in enhancing moral development in students based on Islamic teachings, and identify the elements that facilitate and impede the role of PAI teachers in enhancing moral development in students.This study employs a qualitative technique in conjunction with a descriptive strategy. Participatory observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, Islamic Religious Education instructors, and class VIII students were used to gather data.he study's findings suggest that instructors of Islamic Religious Education play a significant part in raising students' Akhlakul Karimah. By using interactive teaching strategies, role modeling, and a lighthearted approach, teachers can actively contribute to the formation of positive attitudes, behaviors, and Islamic values in students. In addition, instructors of Islamic Religious Education are crucial in helping students apply their religious lessons to their everyday lives. They teach pupils about Islamic moral principles, help them deal with moral dilemmas and situations, and help them appreciate the significance of Akhlakul Karimah.

This research aims to analyze the role of e-performance in improving employee performance through motivation at the Inspectorate of Central Java Province. This research is a type of quantitative research method with field observation and questionnaire. The population in this study is 141 employees. In determining the sample using the census sampling method. Out of a total of 141 employees, only 113 employees were used as respondents in this research. The data collection technique is carried out by distributing questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability, questionnaires distributed online through Google form and physical questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The data analysis method used consisted of descriptive analysis, evaluation of the outer model, evaluation of the inner model, and evaluation of indirect effects (mediation). The data analysis tool in this study uses SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study indicate that e-performance has a positive effect on employee performance, competence does not have a positive effect on employee performance, motivation has a positive effect on employee performance, e-performance has a positive effect on motivation, competence has a positive effect on motivation, e-performance has a positive effect on employee performance through motivation, and competence has a positive effect on employee performance through motivation.

Moral education has a very important role in shaping the character of students. In the context of education, morals include moral and ethical values ​​that form the basis of individual behavior and character. The main aim of moral education is to develop students' personalities who have integrity, civility and responsibility. The process of character formation through moral education involves various aspects, such as instilling the values ​​of honesty, discipline, respect and social responsibility. Apart from that, moral education also plays a role in forming attitudes of tolerance and empathy towards others. Implementation of moral education in schools can be done through various methods, including integration in the curriculum, extracurricular activities, and example from educators. With good moral education, it is hoped that students will be able to face life's challenges with a positive and constructive attitude, and become members of society who contribute positively. Therefore, moral education must be a priority in the education system to create a generation with strong character and high morals.

This research aims to examine the role of music in strengthening national unity based on the values ​​of Pancasila. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with the aim of deepening the understanding of the relationship between music and Pancasila values ​​and their impact in building unity and integrity in society. This research involves analysis of music theory, Pancasila concepts, as well as case studies to illustrate the relationship between the two. First of all, this research describes the concept of diversity and Pancasila values ​​as a philosophical basis for understanding the unity of the Indonesian nation. Values ​​such as belief in the Almighty God, just and civilized humanity, Indonesian unity, democracy led by wisdom in deliberation/representation, and social justice for all Indonesian people are the basis for maintaining diversity and strengthening unity. This research explores the role of music in reflecting Pancasila values ​​and facilitating social integration among diverse communities. Music as a medium for artistic expression has the power to convey messages of diversity, tolerance and unity through its lyrics, melodies and artistic performances. Case studies will show how various musical genres, such as traditional music, pop, rock, etc., can unite various social groups and dissolve cultural and religious differences. In addition, this research will discuss the practical impact of implementing Pancasila values ​​in the music industry and music education in Indonesia. By strengthening understanding of Pancasila values ​​in musical works and conveying positive messages, music can be an effective means of strengthening ties of brotherhood among Indonesian people. Other strategies that can be developed in this context include the use of music in formal and informal educational programs aimed at fostering a spirit of nationalism, tolerance and social justice. In conclusion, this research shows that music has great potential as a tool to strengthen national unity based on the values ​​of Pancasila. With a deeper understanding of the relationship between music and national values, we can develop more effective strategies in promoting harmony and solidarity amidst the diversity of Indonesian society.

This research explores the interconnection between religious moderation and the values of Pancasila as an expression of patriotism in the context of Indonesia. Through a qualitative approach combining literature analysis and theoretical review, this study identifies that religious moderation substantially aligns with the principles of Pancasila, emphasizing unity, social justice, democracy, and civilized humanity. These findings highlight the pivotal role of Pancasila values in shaping a pluralistic and inclusive national identity, as well as in promoting interreligious harmony in Indonesia. The discussion underscores the importance of enhancing religious education oriented towards moderation, strengthening the role of religious institutions in promoting dialogue and tolerance, and encouraging community participation in fostering harmony. The proposed recommendations include expanding proven-effective religious moderation programs and allocating adequate resources to support the practical implementation of Pancasila values in everyday community life. This research aims to provide guidance for policymakers, academics, and practitioners to strengthen the foundation of interreligious harmony and advance Pancasila values as the moral and ethical cornerstone of the Indonesian nation.

The government of a country which has the power to regulate people's lives does not act arbitrarily, there is a regulatory system that regulates it. The control system describes a hierarchy or ranking from the highest level of rules to the lowest level of rules. The highest level of rules in a country is called the constitution. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen knowledge about the concept and urgency of this institution in national and state life. The research method used was a literature review. By collecting library data and information by exploring knowledge or knowledge from sources such as books, journals, written works, lecture notes and several other sources that are related to the research object. The research results show that the Constitution is the implementation of legal rules in the relationship between society and government. Constitutionalism creates a situation that can increase feelings of security due to restrictions on previously established government authority. There are three views on the role of the constitution in national and state life, namely: The first view assumes that every country has a constitution, but the constitution should not be seen as everything. The second view assumes that the constitution is nothing more than the basic rules of the state in administering the state, and that the most important thing for the state is honest, authoritative and law-abiding state administration. The third view assumes that the constitution does not play a significant role in state life.

This research aims to identify and document the diversity of Poaceae species on Campus I UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The Poaceae family, or grasses, have an important role in ecosystems, agriculture and the economy. This study uses direct exploration methods to observe and collect data about Poaceae species in the campus area. A total of 13 types of plants from the Poaceae family were identified, with most of them being herbaceous and one species being a tree, namely Bambusa multiplex. The Poaceae species diversity index in this area was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener formula, which shows an H' value of 2.51, indicating moderate species diversity. The results of this research provide in-depth insight into ecosystem dynamics in the campus area and support efforts to conserve biodiversity through better management strategies.

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) in Indonesia contributes to the expected progress of the Indonesian economy. However, UMKM still face many challenges in the field of accounting and financial reporting. Financial reports are a tool used to determine the value and performance of UMKM. The purpose of this article is to examine the use of technology, especially in the field of accounting and understand the role of accounting information systems in UMKM and the application of digital accounting in UMKM. The method used is a case study method using related journals. The results obtained show that the use of technology in UMKM currently brings digitalization to their activities. For example sales transactions and payment transactions. However, many UMKM still use manual paper accounting. With increasing socialization and rapid technological advances, it is hoped that UMKM players can carry out accounting effectively and efficiently in their businesses so as to create technology-literate UMKM.      

Rumah Makan Citra Minang was established in 2020 and has become one of the favorite places to eat in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. However, in recent times the Citra Minang Restaurant has experienced several obstacles that can hinder the progress of its business and labor productivity. The purpose of this study is to find out how the influence of citra minang restaurants on labor absorption. And this data was collected through direct observation to the research site using quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the Citra Minang restaurant has a very significant role in the absorption of labor as well as the local economy and the wider community.