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The Snail Canning Industry has the potential to impact the environment if wastewater with high organic compound content is not treated first. This study aims to analyze the performance of the Snail Canning Industry Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) based on BOD, COD, and TSS parameters. The method used is descriptive, with primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data from laboratory test results. Measurements were taken at the inlet and outlet points of the WWTP, then compared with the quality standards based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 5 of 2014. The results showed that the WWTP succeeded in reducing the concentration of BOD from 201 mg/L to 6 mg/L, COD from 315 mg/L to 24 mg/L, and TSS from 25 mg/L to 6 mg/L. The reduction efficiency of each parameter was 97.01% for BOD, 92.38% for COD, and 76% for TSS. All outlet results met the established quality standards. This indicates that the wastewater treatment process at the IPAL functions effectively in reducing the levels of pollutant parameters in wastewater.

Turnover intention refers to the desire or intention of employees to voluntarily resign or move to another workplace according to their wishes. The purpose of this study is to study how job satisfaction functions as a mediator in the relationship between job stress and the desire to resign of employees of CV. Bali Harmoni Bali Zoo. This study involved 58 employee respondents and used a survey method through questionnaires and interviews, and was analyzed using inferential statistical techniques in the form of path analysis. The results of the study indicate that job stress affects the desire to move jobs positively and significantly. In addition, Job stress has a negative and significant effect on job satisfaction, and job satisfaction has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. Thus, the job satisfaction variable is proven to be able to mediate the effect of job stress on turnover intention.  

The role of school administration is very important in carrying out the basic functions of Islamic educational institutions. School administration as the center for managing teaching and learning activities also covers various fields ranging from resource management, financial management, to planning and implementing academic policies. This research aims to identify the role of school administration in improving the operational effectiveness and quality of Islamic education. The method used in this research is library research, which aims to collect, analyze and compile information from various literary sources in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the topic being researched. The data analysis technique used is descriptive-qualitative, with the aim of describing and interpreting information obtained from the literature. This research shows that the role of school administration is very important in improving the operational effectiveness and quality of Islamic education. Good administration includes technical management, creating an environment that supports the moral and spiritual development of students. With effective implementation, it is hoped that schools will be able to provide Islamic education that is not only of academic quality, but can also shape students' character in accordance with Islamic values. It is hoped that this research can become a reference for policy makers and Islamic education practitioners in formulating better management strategies, so as to improve the overall quality of Islamic education.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning in the lyrics of the song "Halu" by Feby Putri using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between the signifier and the signified in the song lyrics to understand the emotional and cultural messages contained therein. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a focus on linguistic signs in the lyric text. The results of the study show that the song "Halu" utilizes metaphors (such as "candu" and "bayang-bayang") to represent one-sided love, illusion, and emotional alienation. The lyrics of the song are not only a personal expression of the creator, but also reflect the collective experience of the younger generation in interpreting unrealized relationships. This study concludes that popular music, through its semiotic structure, functions as a complex medium of cultural communication. Suggestions for further research include exploring the interaction of musical elements with lyrics and the application of other semiotic theories to enrich the analysis. These findings also emphasize the importance of media literacy in understanding music not only as entertainment, but also as a cultural product that is full of meaning.

This study aims to analyze the syntactic structure of sentences in english interactions between hotel receptionists and foreign guests. Specifically, it focuses on identifying sentence types, levels of sentence complexity, and syntactic functions that support professional communication at the reception desk. The data were collected from transcripts of 10 authentic interactions and 10 simulated conversations involving five professional hotel receptionists and five foreign guests with intermediate to advanced english proficiency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with audio recordings transcribed and analyzed to identify dominant syntactic patterns. The results revealed that simple and compound sentences were the most frequently used, particularly in greeting, offering assistance, and clarifying information. Complex sentences appeared more often in handling guest complaints and explaining hotel policies. These findings suggest that mastery of varied syntactic structures enhances communication effectiveness in hospitality services. The study’s results are expected to contribute to the development of teaching materials for reception courses and communication skills training for hotel receptionists in the hospitality industry.

This study aims to analyze the types of illocutional speech acts contained in the lyrics of the song Hati-Hati di Jalan karya Tulus. The background of this research is based on the importance of understanding song lyrics as a form of communication that is full of pragmatic meaning, especially in the context of emotions and interpersonal relationships. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a content analysis technique based on the theory of classification of illocutional speech acts by Searle. Data were taken from all song lyrics and analyzed based on five types of illocution speech acts, namely representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative. The results of the study show that in the lyrics of this song there are four types of illocutional speech acts, namely representative, directive, expressive, and commissive, with a dominance of representative and expressive types. The act of speech reflects various communication functions such as expressing beliefs, expressing feelings, giving hope, and showing commitment. This research implies that song lyrics can be a valuable object of pragmatic study, as well as enriching the understanding of communication strategies through language in popular literary works. This study has limitations on the scope of a single song and the interpretation of the researcher, so it is recommended that the next study examine other songs to broaden the perspective.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Sexual harassment and violence against children in the school environment are increasingly concerning issues that require serious handling and prevention strategies. Strategically, sex education can be provided early to teach children about their bodies, their boundaries, and how to find and report inappropriate actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sex education functions as a way to prevent violence and sexual harassment in schools. The method used was to conduct literature research on a number of relevant scientific articles that focused Sex education, prevention of sexual violence, sexual harassment, child protection.on the implementation, techniques, and roles of educators and parents. The results showed that age-appropriate sex education provided through visual media, songs, interactive books, and digital applications effectively increased children's understanding of self-protection. The active involvement of parents and teachers also played an important role in the success of this program. This study suggests that sex education should be included in the elementary school curriculum.

Today, higher education is one of the pillars of development and economic growth for every country in the world. The absence of innovation in higher education is one of the primary problems that Iraqi universities confront and still unable to overcome. This situation could be attributed to the dearth of strategic innovation programs and a lack of creativity in lecturing. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that fits innovation practices and employee creativity into the organizational performance of Misan University in Iraq. Quantitative methods were used to test the hypotheses and validate the fitness of the conceptual framework with the empirical data. Simple random sampling technique was used in the survey procedure. The study sample includes 500 lecturers, whereas 422 valid questionnaires have been included in the data analysis. The results show that innovation practices and creativity have a significant effect on the organizational performance of Misan University. These findings provide evidence that achieving superior performance in higher education no longer depends on the deployment of tangible assets like financial resources or the number of academic staff and faculty, but also on intangible assets such as creative lecturing and adopting innovation practices in the learning process. Thus, this study recommends that higher education institutions in Iraq focus on recruiting creative lecturers who can improve students' learning ability by promoting new ways of learning scientific materials in parallel with an innovation strategy in all organizational functions and processes.

Hemorrhoids are dilation and inflammation that occurs in the arterial-venous plexus in the anal canal which functions as a valve to prevent flatus and fluid incontinence. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hemorrhoid patients and their surgery techniques in Lhokseumawe city hospital and North Aceh district. This type of research is descriptive observational with total sampling method and analyzed univariately using statistical software with a total sample of 119 hemorrhoid patients who have met the inclusion criteria. Based on the research, it was found that the incidence of hemorrhoids was dominated by early elderly age, male gender experienced more hemorrhoids, namely 60.5%. the most types of hemorrhoids were internal hemorrhoids 88.2% Most of the degree 3, namely as much as 44.7%. The most widely used surgical technique in hemorrhoid patients is the hemorrhoidectomy technique, totaling 95.8%. Respondents who experienced anemia were 63%. The erythrocyte index picture found is a hypochromic microcytic picture.

This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research entitled Expressive Speech Acts in Andung-Andung Batak Toba. This study describes the form and function of expressive speech acts in andung-andung speech. The data of this study are language units in the form of words, phrases, clauses or sentences of andung-andung in 9 YouTube channels and 7 amateur videos. The data sources of this study are YouTube channels and amateur videos. Based on the research findings, it is known that there are 2 forms of speech acts, namely direct literal speech acts and direct non-literal speech acts. The functions of expressive speech acts are six, namely (1) thank you, (2) congratulate, (3) hope, (4) apologize, (5) praise, (6) expression. Speech act data based on the forms that have been found, the most dominant direct literal speech act because this andung-andung tradition is spoken by the speaker to the speech partner directly using language that has meaning according to its true meaning (literal meaning). Expressive speech act data based on its functions that have been found, the most dominant expressive function of expressing sadness among other expressive functions. The function of expressing sadness becomes the dominant expressive function because andung-andung is a speech that contains lamentations and sentences that express a person's sadness.

In addition to helping Batak children succeed in formal education, family education plays an important role in shaping the character, cultural values, and identity of the Batak people. The philosophy of Anakkon Hi Do Hamoraon Di Au, which means Children are the wealth of life, is a life principle that has been embedded in the lives of the Batak people. Which reflects how important the role of children is in the Batak family and how education is the main investment for their future. The purpose of this study was to determine how family education functions as a foundation for education in Batak culture. A qualitative descriptive approach is the research methodology used. Based on the research findings, family-based education is a key component of the Batak community education framework.

This research explores the use of inflectional affixes in Book #88 Love Life 03 by Diana Rikasari, using Victoria Fromkin’s morphological framework. Inflectional affixes are suffixes added to words to express grammatical features such as tense, number, possession, aspect, and degree, without changing the word’s original class or core meaning. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the types and functions of these affixes within the selected text. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through documentation and analyzed using note-taking and cross-checking techniques to ensure accuracy. The results show that all eight standard English inflectional affixes were found in the book: -s (plural and third-person-singular), -ed (past-tense), -ing-(progressive), -en (past participle),--’s (possessive), -er (comparative), and -est (superlative). Each affix was used to mark specific grammatical functions and was essential in maintaining proper sentence structure. The analysis highlights that inflectional affixes play a key role in creating clear and grammatically correct sentences. Understanding their use helps readers and language learners grasp how meaning and structure are expressed in written English. This research supports the importance of morphological analysis in understanding how language functions at the word level and contributes to effective communication.

Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the activities of the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum cover three main areas: education, da'wah, and social service. In the field of education, the Majelis regularly holds daily religious studies, monthly religious studies, and special religious studies on Islamic holidays. In the field of da'wah, it coordinates Rebana training and manages Rebana groups, organizes Salawat Dibaiyah meetings, organizes infaq collections for those who wish to contribute, and facilitates Qurban savings programs. Meanwhile, in the social field, the Majelis plays an active role by organizing assistance for orphans and the poor, providing ta'jil, breaking the fast, and sahur during the month of Ramadan, and holding collective celebrations such as Eid al-Adha. These activities show that the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum functions not only as a place to learn religion but also as a center for social solidarity and community empowerment. The role of the Majelis Ta'lim Kanzul Ulum in improving religious knowledge in Karyamulya District, Cirebon City, is very significant. This Majelis functions as a forum for fostering and developing religious knowledge, especially in the field of morals. This assembly also serves as a space for the intellectual and practical dimensions of religious life, fostering social piety, encouraging adherence to Islamic teachings, and strengthening the internalization of Quranic values among its congregation. For adolescents in particular, this Majelis Ta'lim provides a foundation for moral awareness, which grows from continuous exposure to religious knowledge and practices. This study also identified supporting and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the Majelis Ta'lim. Supporting factors include regular evening recitation activities, local government support, regular scheduling, strong organizational management, tolerance within the community, and the provision of food during the events.

Mahmud Village, located in Bandung Regency, is one of the indigenous communities that continues to uphold its customary laws and traditions amidst the tide of modernization. This research aims to explore and analyze the political position and role of customary law within this community, with a focus on how customary norms and rules are implemented, maintained, and passed down amidst the dynamics of social change and interactions with state law. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with customary leaders, community members, and government officials, and a review of relevant literature. The research results indicate that customary law holds a highly significant and respected position among the residents of Mahmud Village. The customary figure, known as the "Kuncen," holds the highest authority in enforcing customary law, leading traditional ceremonies, and resolving various disputes, ranging from marriage and inheritance matters, ceremonial procedures, to mediation mechanisms between residents. Although customary law has strong social power, its application is not entirely independent of the influence of state law, particularly in cases that intersect with criminal law or national legislation. These findings reveal a process of adaptation, where the Mahmud Village indigenous community strives to maintain traditional values while adapting customary rules to remain relevant to current demands. This research confirms that customary law functions not only as a social regulatory system but also as a bulwark of cultural identity and a vital instrument for the sustainability of indigenous communities. Therefore, understanding and recognizing customary law is crucial for maintaining harmony between local traditions and the national legal framework.

The transformation of Human Resource Development (HRD) through a data-driven decision-making system has become a strategic necessity for organizations aiming to improve performance and competitiveness. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach by reviewing several relevant journals that discuss the integration of data analytics into HRD functions. The findings indicate that data-driven decision systems enable organizations to accurately identify training needs, predict employee performance, and design development programs that align with evolving organizational demands. Furthermore, the use of data reduces subjective bias in evaluation processes and enhances the objectivity of performance assessments. This transformation also strengthens the strategic role of HRD by providing timely and evidence-based recommendations that support organizational goals. However, successful implementation requires technological readiness, digital competencies among HR personnel, and an organizational culture that encourages data utilization. Overall, the literature review shows that adopting data-driven decision approaches significantly contributes to improving HRD effectiveness and organizational performance.

Law enforcement holds a central role in shaping social order and ensuring the effective implementation of legal functions in Indonesia. The law is not merely a normative reference but must be strategically positioned as the fundamental basis for resolving disputes and conflicts that emerge within society. In this regard, Law No. 16 of 2004 concerning the Indonesian Prosecutor’s Office, particularly Article 2 paragraph (1), clearly stipulates that the Prosecutor’s Office is a state institution entrusted with exercising governmental authority in the field of prosecution, along with other responsibilities mandated by law. Within the framework of criminal justice, the Prosecutor’s Office assumes a pivotal role as Dominus Litis—the ultimate controller of criminal cases. This authority signifies that the Prosecutor’s Office is the only institution empowered to decide whether a particular case, supported by sufficient evidence in line with the Criminal Procedure Code, is eligible to be brought before the court. The prosecutor’s discretionary power in this context highlights its critical position in upholding justice and maintaining the integrity of legal proceedings. Beyond its prosecutorial function, the Prosecutor’s Office also bears the exclusive responsibility for executing criminal judgments, ensuring that court decisions are implemented properly and consistently with the rule of law. This dual function—both as Dominus Litis and executor of judicial decisions—underlines the institutional indispensability of the Prosecutor’s Office in the Indonesian legal system. The institution’s authority is therefore not limited to initiating prosecutions but also extends to safeguarding the finality and enforcement of criminal verdicts, which makes it a cornerstone in the broader architecture of law enforcement. Consequently, strengthening the role and capacity of the Prosecutor’s Office is essential for advancing justice, protecting the rights of citizens, and reinforcing the legitimacy of Indonesia’s legal order.

This study analyzes state-sponsored cryptocurrency theft, focusing on the Lazarus Group affiliated with North Korea, within the framework of contemporary hybrid warfare strategy. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the article explains how systematic and large-scale crypto asset theft conducted by Lazarus Group serves not only financial motives but also functions as a strategic tool to evade international sanctions and fund North Korea’s nuclear programs. The research finds that such cybercrimes reflect high-ambiguity, non-conventional tactics key features of hybrid warfare. This study expands the traditional concept of hybrid warfare by incorporating digital financial crimes as instruments of state geopolitical strategy. It further highlights the importance of international collaboration and strengthened cybersecurity policy to address increasingly complex digital-era threats.

The history of Islamic economic thought has developed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad and continues to experience enrichment by Muslim scholars. These thinkers tried to build Islamic economic concepts that are relevant to the context of their times, while still based on the Qur'an and Hadith. One of the important figures in Islamic economic thought is Abu Ubaid, whose main work Kitab al-Amwal is the main reference in understanding the classical Islamic economic system. In his work, Abu Ubaid emphasizes the importance of justice as the main principle in economic management, including the use of money. He views money as having two main functions, namely as a standard of value and a medium of exchange. His views show strong relevance to the modern economic system, where the function of money still plays an important role in economic activity. This paper aims to examine in depth Abu Ubaid's thoughts on the function of money and assess its relevance in the context of contemporary economics.

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that plays a role in controlling bodily functions unconsciously. The ANS consists of two main divisions, namely the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work antagonistically to maintain the body's homeostasis. This article discusses the structure, function, and working mechanisms of the ANS under various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the ANS is crucial in the medical field, especially in managing diseases related to autonomic nervous system dysfunction.