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Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

The lack of public understanding of the cultural and historical values contained in multicultural worship buildings. Sam Poo Kong Temple in Semarang is an important object to study cultural acculturation reflected in its architecture, visual aesthetics, and historical values. This research aims to reveal how the combination of Chinese, Javanese and Islamic elements is reflected in the physical and symbolic forms of the temple. The method used is descriptive-analytical qualitative through direct observation, visual documentation, interviews, and literature study. The analysis was done thematically with architectural aesthetics and visual semiotics approaches. The results show that Sam Poo Kong Temple not only functions as a place of worship, but also as a symbol of tolerance and multicultural identity. The combination of ornaments, colors, structures, and symbols represent the values of togetherness, spirituality, and cross-cultural heritage. This temple plays an important role in strengthening social cohesion and becoming a cultural asset that supports the development of an inclusive and harmonious society.  

Green Open Space (GOS) plays a strategic role in modern urban planning, serving not only as an ecological element but also as a social, educational, and recreational space that supports the sustainability of urban life. Its presence is a vital necessity in addressing the challenges of urbanization and environmental degradation. This study examines and redesigns Taman Mandiri in Jayapura City as a sustainable urban park capable of accommodating various ecological and social functions. Field observations reveal that the existing condition of the park does not yet meet adequate public facility standards, such as the availability of interaction space, playgrounds, toilets, and parking areas. Through a sustainable landscape design approach, the park is directed to become an inclusive, efficient, and environmentally friendly green open space. The proposed design integrates the use of local vegetation, natural water management systems, and the enhancement of the park’s social functions. It is expected that this design can serve as a model for urban park development in tropical regions facing urbanization pressures and contribute to improving the quality of life in a sustainable manner.

Wounds are damage to body tissues caused by various factors, both external and internal, which can disrupt the normal function of these tissues. Many studies have focused on using natural ingredients as adjunctive therapy to accelerate wound healing. One plant that shows therapeutic potential is Garcinia mangostana L. This study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of Garcinia mangostana L. stem bark and fruit peel extracts in accelerating the healing of mice (Mus musculus) incision wounds. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replicates, namely negative control mice (K-), positive control (K+), groups of mice given fruit peel and stem bark extracts of G. mangostana concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. All mice were cut with a wound diameter of 1 cm. The wounds were then left for 13 days with an interval of 3 days for measurement. The results showed that the administration of G. mangostana fruit peel and stem bark extracts had an effect in accelerating the healing of mice incision wounds. From these results, Garcinia mangostana L. has the potential as an additional therapy in accelerating wound healing in mice, which can be used as a basis for further research related to its application in humans.

In the digital era that increasingly emphasizes human-computer interaction, the existence of an interface system that is not only functional but also able to understand the emotional state of the user is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of empathetic interfaces in chatbot systems designed to respond adaptively to user moods. Empathetic chatbots are defined as artificial intelligence-based conversational agents that are able to recognize and adjust their verbal responses to user emotional expressions through linguistic analysis and non-verbal data such as response time and word choice. This study uses an experimental approach involving 60 participants from among students who interact with two types of chatbots: standard chatbots (non-empathetic) and empathetic chatbots. The analysis methods used include measuring the level of user satisfaction, empathy perception, and emotional comfort through a Likert scale questionnaire and quantitative data processing using a paired T-test.

This study examines the role of management accounting in supporting strategic decision-making in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. With a literature study approach and Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study analyzes various secondary sources from 2020 to 2025. The results of the study indicate that management accounting functions as the main tool in planning, cost control, performance evaluation, and strategic decision-making. The information generated such as cost data, budgets, and performance reports greatly assists management in choosing effective and responsive strategic alternatives to market dynamics. Case studies of several large manufacturing companies show that the implementation of a good management accounting system can improve operational efficiency, optimize resource allocation, and reduce the risk of failure in decision-making. Management accounting also plays a role in supporting investment and product development to maintain competitiveness in the global market. In conclusion, management accounting is a crucial element that strengthens strategic decision-making, so that manufacturing companies can grow and be sustainable in a competitive business environment.

This study aimed to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of herbal tea made from a combination of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) with red ginger and white ginger. The herbal tea was formulated into six variants (F1a, F2a, F3a, F1b, F2b, F3b) based on different proportions of dragon fruit peel and tested using a hedonic method for three parameters: color, aroma, and taste. A total of 25 trained panelists assessed the level of preference using a 5-point hedonic scale. The results showed that Formula F3 (with the highest proportion of dragon fruit peel) received the highest acceptance scores. For color, F3 received an average of 19% in the “strongly like” category and 5% in the “like” category. For taste, F3 received 4% “strongly like” and 12% “like.” For aroma, F3 received 7% “strongly like” and 11% “like.” Thus, F3 was identified as the best organoleptic formula and is recommended for further development. This study suggests that additional research is needed to analyze the antioxidant activity of the product to better understand its functional health benefits.

Stunting remains one of the major nutritional problems in Indonesia. According to the 2024 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), the prevalence of stunting in Papua Province reached 16.8%. A child’s nutritional status is strongly influenced by dietary intake, particularly protein, which plays a crucial role in growth. One potential source of animal protein is Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), a type of fish commonly found in Papua. Indian mackerel is rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids but is highly perishable, limiting its shelf life. To address this issue, the fish is processed into flour. Additionally, green spinach is used as a source of fiber and minerals, although it is also prone to spoilage. The spinach is processed by extracting its juice, which is then incorporated into noodle products. Dried noodles were chosen as a medium for fortification because they are widely consumed across age groups and often used as a substitute for rice.This study aimed to determine the effect of adding Indian mackerel flour and green spinach extract on the chemical properties and sensory acceptance of dried noodles. The research methods included nutritional content analysis and organoleptic testing. The sensory evaluation was conducted by 25 semi-trained panelists who were nutrition science students

Control systems with time delays introduce system stability problems because time delays cause exponential effects to the system response. Conventional root-locus methods cannot be used directly on systems with delays due to irrational mathematical forms. This study analyzes the shifting effect of time delay on the stability of linear control systems by using the first-order Padé approach to enable the application of the root-locus method. The system model used is a second-order linear system with a transfer function of , and is analyzed under conditions without delay and with delays of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 seconds. Simulations were performed using MATLAB software. The results show that the addition of delay causes a right pole shift of the imaginary axis, reduces the stability margin of the system, and results in a more oscillative response as well as a longer time for the system to stabilize. The first-order Padé approach is shown to be effective in facilitating the visual analysis of stability in time-delayed systems. The findings make a practical contribution in adapting classical analysis techniques to the needs of modern control systems and can be widely applied in the development of network-based control systems, industrial automation, and real-time control.

The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of depression in children with a focus on early identification, risk factors, and effective treatment approaches. The method used in this study was a narrative literature review that synthesized findings from various scientific journals, academic books, and reports from world health organizations related to depression in children. The results of the analysis indicate that depression in children is a real clinical condition but is often undiagnosed due to differences in symptoms compared to adults and lack of public awareness. The main risk factors include childhood trauma, genetics, and dysfunctional family dynamics. Evidence-based approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and psychosocial interventions have shown effectiveness in reducing symptoms. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention as a preventive measure to minimize the long-term impact on children's mental health.

The role of the teacher as a leader in PAUD learning is very important to create an effective and quality learning process. Teachers not only function as teachers, but also as leaders who direct, motivate and create a learning environment conducive to children's cognitive, social and emotional development. Through experiential and game-based learning approaches, teachers are able to develop independence and leadership skills in students from an early age. In addition, teachers also act as facilitators, motivators, and inspirers who provide examples and support to optimize children's potential. Teacher leadership in PAUD is essential to improving the quality of learning and shaping children's character as a whole. 

Handicraft in the form of flower bead bracelets (Flowers Beads Bracelet's) is a creative product that combines aesthetic elements and manual skills in one functional work of art. This bracelet is not only used as a fashion accessory, but also represents artistic and cultural values ​​in every detail of its design. This research or project aims to explore the manufacturing process, material selection, bead assembly techniques, and the potential selling value of the bracelet in the context of the creative industry. The results show that the design of flower bracelets made of beads has high visual appeal, is flexible to fashion trends, and can be developed as a superior product of craft-based MSMEs. In addition, the use of digital media in promotion also encourages the competitiveness of this product in both local and global markets.

Housing in the BSB (Bukit Semarang Baru) area, located right in front of the lake, offers an architectural idea that combines the comfort of modern housing with a natural touch. In this analysis, several important architectural elements such as the use of foot plate foundations, construction time, and the use of wood planks on the building facade are explored to understand how this design combines functional and aesthetic aspects. This study aims to analyze these elements, especially in relation to spatial planning, functionality, and aesthetics, as well as how the integration between building architecture with the elements of the lake and the surrounding green space. Through a qualitative approach and direct observation, this paper offers a critical view of the concept of sustainability applied in the design of this area.

This article is a community service report on assistance in drafting village regulations for members of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) throughout Sejangkung Subdistrict, Sambas Regency. Based on field observations, it was found that no BPD had yet demonstrated the capability to propose and draft village regulations jointly with the village head. This study aims to optimize one of the main duties and functions of the BPD, namely to discuss and approve Draft Village Regulations in collaboration with the village head. The implementation method included organizing activities such as:Preparation, which involved preparing correspondence, providing materials/content, and media for delivering the material;Activity Execution, which began with an opening session, presentation on the stages of drafting village regulations, identification of subjects or themes that require regulation, and assistance in drafting the proposed village regulations.The results of this activity showed an increase in knowledge among all BPD members in Sejangkung Subdistrict regarding the drafting and discussion of village regulations. In addition, one village succeeded in producing a finalized village regulation.

Village Information System is an innovative solution to optimize village data management and accelerate access to information for the community. Population administration is an important aspect in the implementation of village government which functions to record and manage population data systematically. Koting C Village Office has implemented a computer-based population administration information system to improve the efficiency and accuracy of services. This system aims to accelerate the administration process, reduce recording errors, and facilitate access to population information. However, in its implementation there are still several obstacles that need to be fixed so that the system can run more optimally. This study was conducted in the context of Community Service (PKM) to analyze the implementation of the population administration information system at the Koting C Village Office, identify the obstacles faced, and find solutions to increase the effectiveness of this system. The methods used in this study include direct observation, interviews with village officials, and analysis of the population administration service process. The results of the study indicate that although the population administration information system has been implemented, there are still several obstacles that hinder its effectiveness. One of the main obstacles is the absence of a search feature based on name, Population Identification Number (NIK), or other keywords, so that village officials have to search for data manually, which slows down the service process.

This study explores the phenomenon of code-switching as portrayed in the Susah Sinyal movie. Code-switching is the practice of alternating between two or more languages within a single conversation, commonly done by bilingual individuals for different social and communicative reasons. The objective of this research is to examine the types of code-switching using the framework of Romaine (1989) and to describe its communicative functions based on the theory of Appel and Muysken (2006). The data were obtained from the movie using documentation techniques and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. The analysis revealed three types of code-switching, namely intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tag-switching. Additionally, the study identified six functions of code-switching: referential, directive, expressive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic. Overall, the use of code-switching in Susah Sinyal movie demonstrates how the characters strategically shift between languages to clarify meaning, convey feelings, direct actions, maintain social bonds, reflect identity, and enhance expression, reflecting the dynamic nature of bilingual communication in Indonesian popular media.

The tourism sector is an important aspect in the sustainability of economic development in Indonesia. One of the tourism in Banten Province is Banten Lama Tourism, this area is an important historical site in Indonesia.  As a manager, the Banten Provincial Government must revitalize the Banten Lama area including the physical restoration of buildings, infrastructure, and public facilities that have been damaged or degraded both in terms of function and aesthetics. The purpose of the research is to examine the extent to which the principles of good governance are applied in the process of APBD management in the revitalization of the Banten Lama area.  This research uses a qualitative research type of case study approach a la Creswell. The existence of a revitalization budget report is a form of Banten Provincial Government has shown an initial form of accountability commitment in the management of public funds through the preparation and realization of the Banten Lama Area revitalization budget. The legal basis for revitalization is the 2016 Governor Regulation Number 14 article 5, Governor Decree Number 437/Kep.160-HUK/2018, the 2010 Cultural Heritage Law Number 11 in article 43 and the Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Number 430/MOU.4-HUK/2017, 430/718-Setda/2017 & 516/MOU.24-HUK-2017 on October 4, 2017 by the Banten Provincial Government, Serang City Government and Serang Regency Government. The implication of the research is to understand how the impact on the development of Banten Lama tourism area.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy disease that occurs due to compression or pressure on the median nerve which causes narrowing of the carpal tunnel. Common symptoms of CTS are pain, numbness, and paresthesia which usually spread to the fingers, especially the thumb, index finger, and middle finger. To determine the effectiveness of non-operative therapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome using modalities of tools and exercise therapy in the form of nerve gliding exercise, free exercise with resistance, hand grip, and manual therapy techniques. Case report study is used as a research method by taking samples from 1 patient with a case of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The measuring instruments used are Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for the pain scale, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, Goniometer to measure Range Of Motion (ROM), and Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability. After the implementation of the 3rd therapy there were changes, namely decreased pain, increased muscle strength, increased ROM and increased functional activity.  This case study shows that there is effectiveness in providing exercise therapy, manual therapy and electrotherapy in cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common progressive musculoskeletal disorder among adolescents, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine with an unknown cause. This condition often results in postural asymmetry, chronic low back pain, and reduced mobility. This case report involves a 17-year-old female high school student diagnosed with AIS, presenting with lower back pain and functional limitations. The physiotherapy intervention included three sessions over two weeks, utilizing Microwave Diathermy (MWD) as a physical modality, along with Schroth method and strengthening exercises. The outcomes demonstrated a reduction in pain intensity, improved muscle strength, increased spinal mobility, and enhanced thoracic expansion. Additionally, the patient showed an improvement in quality of life as measured by the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire. These findings suggest that structured conservative physiotherapy, combining physical modalities and specific exercises, is effective in alleviating clinical symptoms, improving postural awareness, and supporting the functional well-being of AIS patients. This case highlights the importance of early and consistent physiotherapeutic intervention to manage symptoms and potentially slow curve progression.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society.