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Intelligence is closely related to the state, because intelligence functions as an important tool and instrument to maintain the security and sovereignty of the state. Intelligence helps the state in identifying, analyzing, and overcoming threats, both from within and outside the country, and supports the formulation of effective security and defense policies so that appropriate steps can be taken to protect national interests. This writing uses a normative legal research method, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data, also called doctrinal research, where law is often conceptualized as what is written in laws and regulations (law in books) or conceptualized as rules or norms that are benchmarks for human behavior. Intelligence at the practical level plays a role as the vanguard in the national security system. The provisions of Law Number 17 of 2011 concerning State Intelligence. which is the legal umbrella for intelligence organizers in carrying out intelligence duties and functions, where the essence of state intelligence is the first line in the national security system. Forms of legal protection for Intelligence Agency agents guaranteed by the state include personal protection, family protection, security protection, welfare protection and supervision.

This article discusses the transformation of the meaning of the altar from Hebrew tradition to modern spiritual life, highlighting the important role of the altar as a symbol of the relationship between humans and God. In Hebrew tradition, the altar serves as a physical altar for offering sacrifices, reflecting the sacrifice, purification, and spiritual commitment of the people of Israel. However, as time has progressed, the meaning of the altar has evolved into a deeper symbol that encompasses spiritual and emotional aspects. In a modern context, the altar is interpreted as a symbol of the human heart, a place where worship and devotion to God are performed wholeheartedly. This article also explores the application of altar values, such as devotion, humility, and service, in everyday life. Additionally, the concept of the altar is connected to universal interpretations that are relevant to various spiritual traditions. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach, involving the collection and analysis of literature and biblical verses related to the altar. Thus, this article aims to provide a deep understanding of the essence of the altar as a spiritual element that remains relevant, universal, and applicable in daily life, while inviting readers to reflect on the application of the altar concept in their lives.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed various aspects of life, including the religious sphere. Cyber Church has emerged as an innovation that allows churches to reach a broader congregation through digital media without relying on physical gatherings. This study aims to analyze the concept of Cyber Church, the role of technology in transforming church worship and ministry, its impact on congregational spiritual growth, and the integration of digital innovation with traditional church values. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing from various journal articles and academic books. The findings reveal that Cyber Church provides significant opportunities for churches to engage with the digital generation while posing challenges in maintaining spiritual depth and personal interactions within faith communities. Furthermore, the integration of technology with church traditions is crucial to ensuring that digital innovation does not replace the essence of fellowship, which has long been the foundation of the church. Thus, this study asserts that Cyber Church should be understood as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for conventional church ministry.

The phrase “Emptying Himself,” by the apostle Paul addressed to the Lord Jesus in Philippians 2:7 can be interpreted in various ways. The phrase can be interpreted that when Jesus was born into the world he was like a human being in general, not divine. It can also be interpreted that Jesus was actually a human being in general who was born with a special mission like the prophets who lived in the Old Testament. The text research on “emptying oneself” is currently one of the important verses in Christian theology regarding Christology, because it describes the action of Jesus Christ who was willing to ‘empty himself’ or what is known as kenosis. The research on the text of Philippians 2:7 will be carried out by analyzing the Greek word kenosis using the literal interpretation method, namely looking for the meaning of the original language of writing, namely Greek. To support the literal interpretation, the researcher will also conduct a contextual, grammatical and historical interpretation study. The research on this text produces meanings including: Jesus gave up His divine attributes without losing the essence of His divinity, in order to become a limited human being and take on the form of a servant. This action not only shows the love and humility of Jesus, who is an example for Christians in everyday life, but also the understanding of the essence of Christ's theology.

Mahr in Islamic marriage plays a significant role as a symbol of commitment, respect, and protection of women's rights. This study aims to analyze the urgency of mahr in Islamic marriage, from the perspectives of Islamic law, the responsibilities of men, and the protection of women. Using a literature review approach, this research explores relevant literature on mahr in the context of Islamic law, hadith, and the views of scholars regarding the meaning and purpose of mahr. The results show that mahr is not only a financial obligation but also a deep form of respect and commitment between partners. However, in contemporary social practices, there are deviations in the understanding of mahr, which is often viewed as a status symbol or materialistic transaction. This study concludes that to maintain the values of Islam in marriage, the understanding of mahr must return to the essence taught by Islam, which is as a form of responsibility, simplicity, and respect for women.

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.    

Globalization as an unavoidable global phenomenon has brought significant impacts in various sectors of life, including education. In the context of Islamic education, globalization offers opportunities to access information and exchange knowledge more widely, as well as encourage the development of innovative educational technology. However, the flow of globalization also contains challenges in the form of the entry of foreign cultural influences that can threaten the sustainability of local values, including Islamic values. Therefore, Islamic education in the global era is required to maintain the integrity of the fundamental values ​​of Islam, while being able to adapt to the development of the times. This article examines how Islamic education can respond to global changes without losing its essence, with a critical, selective, and constructive approach. This study aims to provide insight into strategies that can be taken to ensure that Islamic education remains relevant and firmly rooted in Islamic values.    

This study examines the reception of Riau University students regarding sharing culture with the "first person challenge" in @Iben M.A TikTok content. Using Stuart Hall's reception analysis approach with qualitative methodology, this research involved interviews with ten students from diverse faculties. The findings reveal three distinct reception positions: dominant (three informants who fully accept the content as positive sharing culture), negotiated (five informants who accept with reservations about public display of charity), and oppositional (two informants who reject the content as exploitation or virtue signaling). Reception differences were influenced by economic background, religion, parental upbringing, education, interests, and habits. Despite varying interpretations, most informants recognized the content's positive impact while expressing concerns about maintaining the essence of sharing culture in digital media representation..

Happiness is a word that is the obsession of every living human being, but many people are trapped in false happiness, so a discussion about happiness in this world and the hereafter is needed to be used as a guide. This article aims to explore the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter from the perspective of KH. Husain Ilyas Mojokerto, with a character study setting. The result: that the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter is to have three attitudes and behaviors, namely: As-Shofa, Al-Wafa, and Al-Jafa. As-Shofa means learning to cleanse the heart, learning from others who are more successful. Al-Wafa means keeping promises, not breaking your own words, not being a hypocrite. Al-Jafa means not being affected by praise, not being surprised when being cursed or insulted. These three concepts indicate that the essence of true happiness is not a matter of material things, but how to cultivate attitudes and behaviors that are reflections from the depths of the heart. This finding provides a direction for further research on true happiness that is multifunctional, namely the world and the hereafter. This study is expected to be useful for the direction of future research.

Implementation of subsidized fertilizer policy does not run optimally in Benowo Village and supervision that has never been done by the Purworejo Agriculture Office or from BPP Bener are 2 problems that become the background of this research. The objective of this research was implemented policy on subsidized fertilizer which is focused on farmer groups in Benowo Village and to know the supervision subsidized fertilizer conducted by the Agriculture Office of Purworejo District as an institution authorized to manage subsidized fertilizer and the cooperation of other institutions or agencies related to it. The method of research used was qualitative. Collecting data is done at the research location namely Benowo Village by interview, observations, as well as documentation. After all the data has been collected, continued data selection based on similarities that proved the truth. Results with descriptive a method to accomplish valid research objectives. Research results and discussion obtained of the problem formulation was the implementation of the subsidized fertilizer policies in Benowo true existence is not running optimally because of the problem of fertilizer application that occurs. The second problem formulation is to produce a picture of supervision that is less attention from the Department of Agriculture regarding subsidized fertilizers. So that the resulting conclusions and also suggestions in essence that the Government and the Agriculture Office are more active in providing solutions to the problems of implementing policies and supervision of subsidized fertilizers in Benowo Village on an ongoing basis.

The development of digital technology can change the way Islamic da'wah is conveyed, through social media platforms. Digital da'wah can make it easier to spread Islamic teachings more widely, in depth and easily accessed by various groups. However, behind this convenience, there are big challenges in aspects of Islamic law, especially related to the validity of information, ethics in preaching, and the potential for spreading teachings that are not in accordance with Islamic law. This research aims to examine the challenges of Islamic law in dealing with the digital da'wah phenomenon, especially in the spread of Islamic narratives on social media. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, which analyzes various literature related to Islamic law, ethics of da'wah, and the phenomenon of digital da'wah. The research results show that digital da'wah has great potential in spreading Islamic teachings, but also faces various challenges, such as a lack of supervision of Islamic content, the emergence of preachers without adequate knowledge, and the commercialization of da'wah which can obscure the essence of conveying Islam. Therefore, regulations and a deeper understanding of the principles of Islamic law are needed in preaching in the digital era so that da'wah.

The dominance of western civilization has extended to the epistemological aspect of science which places great emphasis on the physical aspects of science. Meanwhile, in the past, Muslim scientists have passed down a complete legacy and explained epistemology in accordance with the principles and teachings of the Islamic religion. This article aims to explain the urgency of Islamic epistemology for those who wish to study by providing a descriptive and analytical explanation. Only a correct epistemology that is in accordance with Islamic teachings can lead students of science to the essence of science, namely knowledge as it really is and provide spiritual satisfaction and happiness.

Family is the most important part of human life. Outwardly, every human being aspires to form a family consisting of human parts bound in a marriage bond which is then called a household. The core purpose of forming a family is to create a more focused human life and provide benefits for the lives of other humans. Before humans develop in life and larger relationships in society and even the country, they are very much determined by family life. If family life is good and patterned with the mission and goals of the family. Then, children who come from good families will become good future generations, and vice versa. In essence, the family greatly determines human development in their lives in the midst of society. This study will provide an overview of how a husband and wife should instill good character for the development of their children through education instilled in the family. Thus, the good and bad of a family can be seen from the children who are raised in the family in question.

Fiscal decentralization is a tool to achieve maximum public welfare and the provision of essential public services. The essence of fiscal decentralization is the provision of transfer funds to local governments. In addition, through transfer funds, it is hoped that there will be equity and fiscal balance vertically and horizontally. However, the existence of transfer funds caused a response that the central government responded to as the main fund for regional spending. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the flypaper effect on the balance fund and local revenue on education spending, health spending, and infrastructure spending. Using data from 2019-2023 in municipalities and cities on the island of Java and regression using a fixed effect model, it shows the occurrence of a flypaper effect on education and infrastructure spending through DAK. As a result, every increase in DAK will encourage an increase in education and infrastructure spending. Meanwhile, different results are shown in health spending, that every increase in DAU decreases health spending. Different tests were carried out using dummy variables in the year before and after the implementation of the latest policy. As a result, the regulation of the DAU Specific Grant was able to increase health spending, but not as much as the influence of PAD.

Phytochemistry is a method used to determine the compounds found in plant essence. Phytochemical identification is carried out using chemical substances used in a reaction to determine the collection of secondary metabolite compounds. Indonesia is a country that has various types of medicinal plants, one of which is the leaves of Katang-katang (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Katang-katang is a tropical vine that is easy to find and belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The utilization of this medicinal plant is one of the alternatives in an effort to treat a disease.  Along the road in the sandy beach area, many of these plants are found growing creeping on the edge of the shoreline, this plant has a trumpet-like flower and is known as Katang-katang (Ipomoea pes-caprae). (Ipomoea pescaprae L.). Empirically, people often use katang-katang plants to treat infections in wounds, relieve pain, and as antioxidants. The active compounds of katang-katang as antibacterial are terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The active compound that plays the most role is thought to be the flavonoid compound content.

Christology is the theological study of the person, nature, and work of Jesus Christ. This paper traces the development of Christology from the first century to the fifth century, highlighting the theological dynamics that took place in the early church. In the first century, Christology was based on the teachings of the apostles and the New Testament writings, with the main debate being over the humanity and divinity of Christ. The second and third centuries were characterized by the emergence of various theological schools, such as Gnosticism, Docetism, and Monarchianism, which prompted the church to affirm orthodox teachings. In the fourth century, the Council of Nicea (325 AD) and the Council of Constantinople (381 AD) played an important role in rejecting Arianism and affirming the oneness of Christ's essence with the Father. The fifth century witnessed more complex Christological debates, culminating in the Council of Ephesus (431 AD) and the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD), which established that Christ has two natures divine and human in one undivided person. This research confirms that the development of Christology in the first five centuries provided the foundation for Christian doctrine that continues to influence theological thought today.

This essay attempts to examine seriousness in humor: an Islamic educational perspective. Here the author offers a unique lens for understanding the spatiality of humor and its impact on the Islamic education process that can be used to build enjoyable learning. The type of research approach is qualitative research with a literature study method. Data sources and study analysis materials are based on scientific references through credible websites, such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, and SINTA. The results of this research show that humor is needed in something serious in order to obtain good results. This also applies to Islamic education so that a relaxed atmosphere is provided so that learning objectives can be achieved more optimally. Of course, the atmosphere that is created does not conflict with its essence, namely that humor in life should be an expression of gratitude or goodness, not exaggeration, ridicule or harming other people. This article adds to the Islamic educational literature on how to package seriousness with humor.

This study examines the process of acculturation between Sundanese culture and Islam in the context of cultural transformation in the Sundanese region. The background of the research is rooted in the convergence of traditional values and Islamic influences that have been ongoing since the 14th century, resulting in a harmonious yet dynamic cultural synthesis. The aim of the study is to understand how Islamic values are adapted into Sundanese traditions and their impact on the social identity of the community. A qualitative approach employing participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary study was used to extract rich empirical data. The research findings indicate that acculturation occurs through a negotiation of values across generations, leading to modifications in rituals, symbols, and social practices that preserve the essence of local culture while accommodating Islamic requirements. The implications of this study provide new insights into the adaptive dynamics of cultural interaction in the face of modernization and globalization, and have the potential to serve as a basis for developing cultural preservation policies that are responsive to contemporary changes.

The church has the main mandate to carry out the Great Commission as written in Matthew 28:18-20. In the context of an increasingly complex multicultural society in the digital era and society 5.0, the church is faced with the challenge of delivering the gospel in a relevant manner without losing its theological essence. This research aims to examine the theological contribution of the church in carrying out the Great Commission in a multicultural society and formulate effective strategies in evangelism. Using a qualitative method based on literature review, this research analyses literature from various sources of theology, sociology of religion, and multiculturalism studies. The results show that the church has an important role in building social harmony through interfaith dialogue, multicultural education, and inclusive and contextual evangelism strategies. Churches that understand local cultures can bridge social and religious differences without losing Christian values. In addition, the utilisation of digital technology in church mission strategies allows for greater reach in the spread of the gospel. However, challenges remain, including theological differences, resistance to evangelism, as well as limited church resources in social ministry. Therefore, a collaborative approach with various communities becomes a strategic solution to strengthen the impact of the church's ministry. This research confirms that the church needs to continue developing mission methods that are relevant to the times, while remaining true to its theological principles. By actively engaging in social ministry and interfaith dialogue, the church can become an agent of social transformation that brings peace and prosperity to a multicultural society.

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia lives with a pluralistic society. The existence of this pluralistic society indicates that Indonesia is filled with diversity. Starting from ethnic diversity, customs, culture, religion, and many more Again. This diversity shows that Indonesia needs a system democratic government, where every government process requires the people's contribution so that the people continue to live side by side even though they are filled with the essence A democratic country is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. This means that the government exercises its power on behalf of the people. Therefore, Indonesia implementing an election system in determining leaders in Indonesia. However, in this election process there are ties of primordialism that influence how people determine their choices according to certain beliefs trusted. This research explores the existence of primordialism in elections in Indonesia, especially in West Tanjungpinang District, Tanjungpinang City. Researcher explore the primordial factors, such as customs, ethnicity, culture, religion and social groups that influence the dynamics of elections. Researchers found that Primordialism often influences voting behavior. This research too aims to find out how primordialism influences voting behavior in West Tanjungpinang District