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The development of technology in the digital era has brought significant changes to global education systems, including in Indonesia. Digital transformation encourages learning models that are more flexible, interactive, and focused on 21st-century competencies. However, this progress also presents various challenges, particularly related to moral degradation among youth, unequal access to technology, and low digital literacy among teachers and students. This study aims to analyze character education models from a global perspective and evaluate the challenges and strategies for their implementation in Indonesia in the digital era. Using a qualitative research method with a library research approach, data were obtained from credible sources such as scientific journals, books, official reports, and national and international educational documents. The findings indicate that developed countries have successfully integrated technology into their curricula, teacher training, and educational policies, resulting in well- established digital learning ecosystems. In Indonesia, digitalization in education has grown rapidly, especially since the pandemic, but still faces obstacles such as limited infrastructure, varied levels of digital competence among teachers, and a lack of integration of digital pedagogy. In addition, student readiness and access inequality in frontier, outermost, and disadvantaged regions (3T) present further challenges in applying global education models

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) is accelerating and reshaping how organizations attract, develop, manage, and retain talent. Despite abundant case examples and growing practitioner interest, academic findings remain fragmented regarding the antecedents (drivers), impediments (barriers), and organizational effects (outcomes) of AI-based HR transformation. This paper presents a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review of 112 peer-reviewed articles (2015–2025) to synthesize empirical and conceptual evidence on AI in HRM. Results identify three primary drivers: technological capability, strategic alignment, and a data-driven culture; three critical barriers: ethical concerns (bias, privacy, and transparency), skill and capability gaps, and resistance to change; and three outcome clusters: operational efficiency, enhanced employee experience, and elevated strategic HR contribution. We propose a socio-technical conceptual framework that models drivers moderated by barriers to outcomes, and we advance a research agenda focused on ethical governance, human–AI collaboration, capability measurement, and longitudinal evaluation. The review contributes to theory by integrating socio-technical and dynamic capability  perspectives and provides actionable guidance for HR leaders on responsible AI adoption.

This study examines the bioethical and Sharia dilemmas arising from the production of slaughter-free meat through animal cell culture as a modern food innovation. Concerns regarding the halal status of the cell source, the use of culture media such as Foetal Bovine Serum, and ethical issues related to animal welfare necessitate an in-depth analysis of the halal status and moral implications of this technology. The research method employs a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing journals, books, and contemporary fatwas related to cultured meat, bioethics, and Islamic law. The results indicate that the Sharia aspect heavily depends on the cell source, the medium used, and the culture process, while the bioethical perspective highlights animal welfare, scientific transparency, and the moral responsibility of researchers. Furthermore, the acceptance among Muslim communities is significantly influenced by trust in halal certification bodies and the availability of transparent information. This study affirms the need for biotechnology-based halal standardization and the development of fully halal media and supporting materials to ensure the widespread acceptance of cultured meat in the future.

The evolution of modern civil procedural law demands dispute resolution mechanisms that are responsive, efficient, and substantively just. In this context, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) particularly mediation and arbitration has transformed from a supplementary option into a central instrument within Indonesia’s dispute resolution architecture. This study aims to analyze the development of ADR from the perspective of modern civil procedural law, focusing on the normative status and practical efficiency of mediation and arbitration as pre-litigation mechanisms. The research employs a normative-juridical approach, analyzing primary legal sources (legislation, Supreme Court Regulations [PERMA], court decisions) and secondary sources (scholarly journals, books, policy documents). The findings indicate that mediation has been mandatorily integrated into civil procedure through PERMA No. 1 of 2016, functioning as a court-facilitated pre-litigation stage, while arbitration operates as a consensual out-of-court mechanism under Law No. 30 of 1999. Both mechanisms demonstrate clear efficiency in terms of time (resolution within weeks to months), cost (minimal to predictable), and the ability to preserve parties’ relationships through collaborative processes and procedural confidentiality. Nevertheless, implementation challenges remain, particularly concerning the availability of qualified mediators and public perception of ADR. The study concludes that ADR is no longer a marginal alternative but an integral pillar of modern civil justice, aligning with principles of procedural efficiency and substantive justice.

This study aims to determine the community's perception of the existence of the Tambakboyo landfill and its impact on the surrounding environment. This study uses a qualitative research method. The subjects of this study are the landfill managers and the community living around the Tambakboyo landfill. This study uses direct observation and interview methods as well as Miles and Huberman Punch's interactive analysis data analysis technique. The results of the study show that the perspectives of the community trigger different views among individuals and only focus on personal interests. The majority of the community living around the TPS feel discomfort due to unpleasant odors and potential long-term health risks. Therefore, they demand improvements from the TPS management and local government. Conversely, a small portion of the community sees the TPS as a source of benefit for them because it facilitates waste disposal and management.

This study analyzes the legal protection of children as perpetrators of rape within Indonesia’s national legal system and Aceh’s Qanun Jinayat, focusing on the Syar’iyah Court’s decisions that often fail to confirm the fulfillment of children’s rights to education, rehabilitation, and reintegration. Although the principle of the best interests of the child requires comprehensive protection, the absence of clear implementing regulations has created uncertainty. Using a normative juridical method with legislative and case approaches, the research draws on secondary data enriched with primary data and qualitatively analyzed. The findings show that both national law and Qanun Jinayat emphasize child protection based on the best interests principle. National law mandates special procedures such as mentoring, closed hearings, psychological assessments, and diversion, while Qanun Jinayat, through Article 50, stipulates lighter and proportionate uqubat for children. These frameworks complement each other in ensuring education, psychological recovery, and social reintegration. However, several Syar’iyah Court decisions have not explicitly included recovery rights, resulting in ineffective protection and legal uncertainty. The study recommends that the Syar’iyah Court explicitly incorporate children’s rights to education, rehabilitation, and reintegration in its verdicts. Furthermore, the Aceh Government should issue Standard Operating Procedures or Governor’s Regulations to provide a clear legal basis for implementing child uqubat in line with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

This study explores Islamic legal perspectives on climate justice by integrating environmental ethics with economic responsibility within the wider framework of Sharia. Using a qualitative library research approach, it examines classical sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and uṣūl al-fiqh, alongside contemporary works on Islamic environmental ethics, sustainable development, and climate governance. The findings show that Islamic principles—including khalifah (stewardship), mīzān (balance), ‘adl (justice), and maslahah (public interest)—provide a strong ethical foundation for addressing climate change and preventing environmental corruption (fasād). The Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, particularly the preservation of life, property, lineage, and the environment, support environmentally conscious policies and sustainable economic practices. Islamic finance instruments such as green sukuk and ESG-aligned investments further promote ecological responsibility. Overall, Islamic legal and economic traditions offer a comprehensive framework that links environmental sustainability with socio-economic equity, positioning Islamic thought as an important contributor to global climate justice discourse.

This study aims to describe the perspectives of Akidah Akhlak teachers on the implementation of moral education through the teaching of the Ta’lim al-Muta’allim book as a strategy to prevent bullying at MTs Islamiyah Syafiiyah Sedan. The background of the study is the growing prevalence of bullying in schools, including verbal, physical, and social forms, which demands an approach to moral education that not only transfers knowledge but also internalizes values essential for shaping students’ character and self-control. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects are Akidah Akhlak teachers who directly teach Ta’lim al-Muta’allim. The data were analyzed through reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that teachers view the book as strategically valuable for developing students’ moral character because it provides guidance on proper conduct toward teachers, peers, knowledge, and the learning environment. According to the teachers, applying the values presented in the text helps foster respect, empathy, and social responsibility, which contributes to preventing bullying behaviors. In classroom practice, teachers integrate these values through exemplary behavior, contextual advice, and reflective discussions following reading activities. Thus, the teaching of Ta’lim al-Muta’allim serves not only as academic material but also as a medium for instilling moral values that support the creation of a school culture grounded in good morals and free from bullying. These efforts strengthen students’ awareness and encourage positive daily interactions within the school.

Social conflict within labor collectives represents a recurrent phenomenon shaped by contradictions in interests, goals, and authority relations. Drawing on classical and contemporary sociological perspectives, this study examines how conflicts emerge, evolve, and can be effectively resolved in modern enterprises. This research employs a qualitative, literature-based approach through comprehensive analysis of theoretical writings by Parsons, Coser, Dahrendorf, Simmel, and Boulding, complemented by documented organizational studies such as the Hawthorne experiments. The method emphasizes conceptual interpretation, comparative theoretical analysis, and synthesis of conflict dynamics. Findings show that conflicts originate from both structural and psychological factors, including material dissatisfaction, violations of labor norms, personality differences, and unequal authority relations. Interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts follow identifiable stages—from latent tensions to escalation and resolution. Trade unions play a critical role in mediating disputes and promoting social partnership. Theoretical convergence indicates that conflict is multifactorial and inherent within organizational systems. When constructively managed, conflict can enhance group cohesion, clarify values, and contribute to organizational development. This highlights the necessity of socio-psychological awareness in modern management.

The purpose of this study is to identify the concept of economic empowerment for Muslims in the Qur'an and to understand its role in life. The threat of poverty and powerlessness can undermine faith, morals, security stability, and create social dissatisfaction. Therefore, through verses in the Qur'an, the researcher will discuss the economic empowerment of Muslims from a Qur'anic perspective. The research method used is the maudlu'i interpretation of economics, which includes the following steps: first, collecting verses relevant to the economic issues to be analyzed, both based on keywords and the content of the verses in general and specifically. Second, interpreting these verses by following the sequence of verses in the Mushaf or based on the chronology of the revelation of the surahs. Third, the interpretation model applied is maudlu'i by linking them to the real conditions of the economy. In this study, researchers will examine data contained in the Qur'an, tafsir, hadith, as well as books and journals related to the meaning of economic empowerment of Muslims. The concept of economic empowerment of Muslims from the perspective of the Qur'an is to free individuals from injustice, empower human potential, and encourage individuals to care for others, towards happiness in this world and the hereafter. The role of economic empowerment of Muslims in life includes: contributing to eliminating the practice of usury, human trafficking, monopoly of wealth, and power that triggers poverty, hunger, and fear. In addition, it also motivates individual Muslims to be strong, resilient, persistent, and strive earnestly and not give up.

Deforestation remains a critical environmental and socio-political challenge in Indonesia, driven by economic expansion, weak regulatory enforcement, and competing development priorities. In recent decades, forest governance has increasingly involved non-state environmental actors that operate beyond formal state authority. This study examines the role of Greenpeace Indonesia as a non-state environmental actor in addressing deforestation within Indonesia’s forest governance framework during the period 2023–2025. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with a library research design, the study analyzes secondary data drawn from academic literature, policy documents, organizational reports, and relevant media sources. The analysis is guided by theoretical perspectives on non-state actors, environmental diplomacy, role theory, and global environmental governance. The findings demonstrate that Greenpeace Indonesia plays a strategic role as an environmental watchdog and norm entrepreneur by conducting research-based advocacy, mobilizing public opinion, and engaging in informal environmental diplomacy. Through transnational campaigns and corporate-targeted advocacy, Greenpeace contributes to shaping environmental norms and influencing both state and corporate behavior related to deforestation. However, its effectiveness is constrained by political resistance, structural power asymmetries, and limited access to formal decision-making processes. This study highlights the significance of civil society actors in forest governance and underscores the need to integrate non-state contributions into more inclusive and accountable environmental governance frameworks.

This study examines how equity-driven curriculum design can catalyze transformative leadership within multicultural school systems. As global classrooms become increasingly diverse, traditional curricula often fail to address disparities experienced by marginalized learners. Through qualitative library research and content analysis, this study synthesizes theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented perspectives to explore how culturally responsive curricula promote inclusive learning ecosystems. The findings highlight that equity-driven curriculum design requires not only the integration of diverse cultural perspectives but also the dismantling of hidden power structures embedded in instructional practices. Transformative leadership emerges as a crucial driver, demanding cultural competence, collaborative decision-making, and critical pedagogical reflection from school leaders. The study emphasizes that effective equity implementation depends on teacher empowerment, distributed leadership models, and coherent policy frameworks that align curriculum, assessment, and institutional values. Moreover, technology-enhanced learning, accessibility principles, and Universal Design for Learning strengthen equity outcomes in increasingly digital environments. Overall, this research underscores the interconnectedness of curriculum, leadership, and policy in fostering democratic, socially just educational systems that affirm students’ cultural identities, reduce achievement gaps, and empower communities. The study concludes that achieving equity requires systemic transformation grounded in cultural responsiveness, shared accountability, and continuous professional development.

This study discusses the concept of lifelong education from an Islamic perspective by highlighting the thoughts of Ibn Khaldun as a prominent figure in the history of education. Using a qualitative method based on a literature study, this research examines sources from the Qur’an, Hadith, and related scholarly works to understand the theological and philosophical foundations of lifelong education. The findings indicate that education in Islam is viewed as a continuous process that takes place from birth until the end of life. Ibn Khaldun emphasized the importance of a gradual and systematic learning process, as well as the use of methods that align with learners’ developmental stages. This concept is consistent with the demands of modern education, which emphasize active, creative, and adaptive learning. Furthermore, the study highlights various forms of lifelong education implementation, such as vocational, professional, civic, and cultural education. These findings affirm that lifelong education is an essential necessity in responding to social, technological, and civilizational dynamics, while also constituting an act of worship and a human responsibility as khalifah (stewards) on earth.

In the context of modernity, characterized by secularization and existential anxiety, traditional models of Christian faith formation often appear disconnected from the lived reality of believers, particularly regarding the doctrines of salvation and eschatology. This study investigates the crucial role of the church in bridging this gap by developing a pedagogical approach that integrally links ecclesial education with eschatological hope. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis method, this research examines theological literature, contemporary church documents, and case studies of Christian formation programs. The analysis reveals that a robust eschatological perspective oriented towards the hope of salvation, resurrection, and the renewal of all things is not merely a final chapter of doctrine but an essential, transformative framework for all faith education. It shapes Christian identity, ethics, and mission in the present. The study concludes that for faith formation to be salvific and relevant today, the church must intentionally reconfigure its educational praxis. This reconfiguration involves moving from a compartmentalized teaching of "last things" to fostering an eschatological imagination that informs discipleship, worship, and social engagement, thereby presenting salvation as a comprehensive hope actively shaping Christian life in the modern world.

The development of e-commerce and social commerce has driven significant changes in student shopping behaviour, including at FEB UNDARIS. Ease of access, digital promotions, and the influence of social media have led students to shop online more frequently, even impulsively. This study aims to analyse how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control interact in shaping students' online shopping behaviour using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviews with ten students who actively shop online. The data were analysed to understand the experiences, perceptions, and social factors that influence their decisions in digital transactions. The results show that positive attitudes towards efficiency and promotions, social pressure from friends and influencers, and high perceived behavioural control due to technological convenience work simultaneously to reinforce online shopping intentions and actions. These three TPB components support each other and trigger increasingly impulsive consumption patterns in the digital environment.

Digital transformation through adoption cloud technology has become catalyst in effort efficiency energy and reduction greenhouse gas emissions glass (GHG). Research This aim for analyze contribution cloud technology against efficiency operational and impact the environment in framework economy green. With use approach studies literature and secondary data analysis from report institution international and journals scientific, research This find that migration to cloud computing can reduce consumption energy up to 84% and emissions carbon up to 88% compared to with traditional IT infrastructure. These results show that cloud computing is not only solution technology, but also important strategy in support development sustainable.

This paper discusses the role of multicultural counseling guidance in enhancing students’ tolerance and intercultural understanding within increasingly diverse school environments. The multicultural approach in counseling services is understood as a deliberate effort to acknowledge, appreciate, and facilitate the cultural differences each student brings. Through counseling processes that are sensitive to cultural backgrounds, students are guided to recognize their identity, understand others’ perspectives, and develop the ability to interact constructively across cultural contexts. The study highlights four key areas: strengthening cultural identity awareness, developing intercultural communication skills, preventing and addressing conflicts related to cultural differences, and fostering an inclusive school environment. The discussion shows that multicultural counseling can enhance tolerant attitudes by providing a safe space for students to express their cultural experiences. In addition, this approach helps schools build an atmosphere that respects diversity through collaboration between counselors, teachers, and other stakeholders. These findings affirm that multicultural counseling guidance is an essential component in creating a peaceful school culture that values differences and supports students’ social-emotional development amid the ongoing dynamics of diversity.

This article examines the meaning of repentance and baptism in the Acts of the Apostles through an eschatological theological approach. Repentance and baptism are considered two important aspects in the journey of salvation and the development of the Christian faith. The methodology used in this research is qualitative with a literature study to explore the meaning, application and relationship between repentance and baptism from an eschatological theological perspective. Research findings reveal that repentance is a transformation of the heart that prepares a person to receive baptism as a symbol of new birth and the washing away of sins by the Holy Spirit. These two concepts complement each other and have significant theological consequences in the teaching and practice of the church's faith today. This research provides in-depth insight into the role of repentance and baptism in the context of gradual and eschatological salvation.

The transfer of hajj quotas for deceased pilgrims is a legal and social issue that is relevant to the dynamics of the implementation of the hajj in Indonesia. This phenomenon arises as a consequence of the long waiting list for the departure of pilgrims, which causes many prospective pilgrims to die before having the opportunity to perform the worship. From the perspective of Islamic law, the hajj is personal (fard 'ain) and attached to individuals who have met the requirements of istitha'ah. However, in the context of state administration, the right to portion Hajj is seen as an administrative right that can be transferred to certain heirs in a regulatory manner. This study aims to examine the legal basis for the assignment of hajj quota based on the principles of sharia maqashid and review its implementation in the socio-anthropological context of the Indonesian Muslim community. The research method used is normative law with a conceptual and sociological approach, through the analysis of laws and regulations and developing social practices. The results of the study show that the transfer of the hajj quota does not contradict sharia principles as long as it brings benefits, guarantees justice, and avoids potential abuse. Socially, this policy reflects respect for the deceased's worship intentions, strengthens kinship values, and shows the adaptation of Islamic law in responding to the needs of contemporary Indonesian Muslim society.

This study explores the relevance of Imam Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy to contemporary Islamic education in responding to current moral, social, and educational challenges. Using a library research method, the study systematically examines Al-Ghazali’s views on educational goals, curriculum orientation, the role of teachers, and instructional methods, and then contextualizes these perspectives within the dynamics of modern educational systems. The analysis highlights how Al-Ghazali’s educational thought addresses issues related to moral decline, character formation, and the imbalance between intellectual achievement and ethical development in present-day education. The findings show that Al-Ghazali’s emphasis on integrating knowledge and character, balancing cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, and highlighting the teacher’s role as a moral exemplar remains highly applicable today. His educational framework which prioritizes spiritual development, moral formation, self-discipline, and closeness to God offers a strong, comprehensive, and relevant foundation for renewing Islamic education in the modern era and for fostering holistic learners with intellectual competence, ethical awareness, and spiritual integrity.