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Nowadays, groundwater in the world has been widely exploited along with the increasing population. One of the impacts of massive groundwater extraction is the decline in groundwater levels. This potential could occur at one of the airports in East Java which is one of the most crowded airports in Indonesia. The large number of passengers at the airport has increased groundwater extraction due to the increasing need for sanitation, airport facilities, and other operational needs. This study aims to determine the potential for groundwater level decline at one of the airports in East Java. The research method used is a quantitative method by projecting secondary data from the results of groundwater level sampling carried out every 6 months. The results of the study showed a decline in groundwater levels at one of the airports in East Java in the next 20 years due to the increase in passengers each year. The results of this study are expected to be one of the preventive steps for all of us to maintain the sustainability of groundwater resources.  

This study examines the beauty of the language of the Qur'an through the balaghah device, especially in the aspect of muhassinat lafziyyah with a focus on the iqtibas technique in QS. Al-Baqarah verse 269. Muhassinat lafziyyah is a form of embellishment of words that beautify the sound, rhythm, and structure of language, while strengthening the message conveyed. One of the important elements in it is iqtibas, which is the citation of the words of the Qur'an or Hadith in another sentence structure without explicitly mentioning the source. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method that refers to primary sources such as books on balaghah science, as well as secondary sources in the form of scientific articles and journals. Based on the results of the analysis, QS. Al-Baqarah verse 269 is categorized as a form of Iqtibas Kulli, where the quotation is done in full without changing the words. This verse emphasizes that wisdom is a special gift from Allah that includes depth of knowledge, accuracy of thinking, and the wise practice of knowledge in life. Thus, this study confirms that the beauty of the wording of the Qur'an is not only aesthetically valuable, but also strengthens the content of deep meaning, showing the synergy between the beauty of language and the depth of content in conveying divine messages.

Small-scale industries such as tofu and tempeh factories play a significant role in the local economy but often face serious issues such as workplace accidents. This study aims to describe the working conditions and their relation to unsafe acts by workers at the XYZ tofu and tempeh factory. A descriptive qualitative approach was used through direct observation and interviews with four workers. The findings show that a hot and noisy work environment, poor ventilation, and disorganized workspace affect workers’ behavior in carrying out tasks without using proper personal protective equipment (PPE). Unsafe work practices have become a common habit due to factors such as routine behavior, limited facilities, and demands for work efficiency. The study concludes that an unsupportive work environment is directly associated with the increase in unsafe behavior. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the working environment, including ventilation, workspace layout, and adequate provision of PPE, as well as to increase workers’ awareness of occupational health and safety through regular training and outreach. These measures are essential to foster a safe and healthy work culture in small-scale industrial settings.

The problem of this research is that passing is still not right on target, has not mastered the upper passing technique correctly, lack of mastery and control of the ball, so the problem in volleyball extracurricular is the lack of volleyball upper passing ability. The research method used in this study is the experimental research method. The design in this study uses Two Group Pretest Posttest. This Two Group Pretest Posttest only has measurement result data, namely pretest and posttest measurements. the results of the t value in the experimental group using a plastic ball are -19.312> 1.7613 and in the experimental group using a rubber ball are -18.862> 1.7613. From the results of the T test table, the comparison of the results of training using plastic balls and rubber balls is to see the average value (Mean) on the pretest results using a plastic ball, the average value is 15.33, the posttest using a plastic ball obtained an average value of 27.13 with a difference in increase of 11.8. While the average value (Mean) on the pretest results of the exercise using a rubber ball, the average value was 15.27, the posttest using a rubber ball obtained an average value of 27.73 with a difference of 12.46. Thus, it can be concluded that training using a rubber ball is more effective in improving upper passing skills compared to training using a plastic ball.

This research uses a qualitative method to evaluate the impact of social assistance programs on poverty alleviation in rural areas. The focus of this study is on how effectively the implementation of social assistance programs can improve the welfare of the rural poor, particularly in terms of economic conditions, social well-being, and quality of life. The findings indicate that social assistance programs have had a positive impact in reducing the economic burden of poor households, improving access to education and healthcare services, and encouraging community empowerment through productive economic activities. However, challenges remain, such as mistargeted beneficiaries, delays in distribution, and lack of supervision in program implementation. Therefore, continuous evaluation and active involvement from all stakeholders, including local governments and rural communities, are needed to ensure the optimal achievement of poverty alleviation goals. This study also recommends improvements in data collection systems and monitoring to ensure that social assistance programs are more effective and sustainable in the future.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of load balancing implementation on website service performance to enhance system efficiency and reliability. The research object is a website accessed through seven service endpoints: Login, Homepage, Blog, About, Shop, Contact, and Post Checkout, with a total of 3,500 requests. The testing was conducted under two scenarios: a single server architecture and an architecture utilizing a load balancer (HAProxy) implementing the Round Robin algorithm. The testing method employed Apache JMeter to simulate load and measure various performance parameters, including average response time, throughput, standard deviation, bandwidth usage, average response size, and error rate. The results indicate that the use of a load balancer significantly reduced the average response time from 7,551 ms to 3,278 ms, increased throughput from 12.5 to 27.3 requests per second, and improved response time stability by reducing standard deviation across all endpoints. Bandwidth usage also increased without changes in average response size, with the error rate remaining at 0% in both scenarios. The study concludes that implementing load balancing with HAProxy effectively enhances website service performance in terms of efficiency, capacity, and system stability, and is recommended as a performance improvement solution in resource-constrained environments.

The rise of digital technology has transformed the way political messages are conveyed, notably through digital advertising platforms that often incorporate subtle propaganda using engaging and persuasive content. This study investigates the link between propaganda and digital advertising, focusing on their impact on public perception, especially during political campaigns. Applying a descriptive qualitative approach, the research involves content analysis of political advertisements and interviews with active social media users. The findings show that political ads frequently embed propaganda elements through emotional storytelling and symbolic imagery. Many viewers remain unaware that such messages are designed to influence their opinions. The study concludes that digital platforms serve not only as marketing tools but also as powerful vehicles for covert propaganda. Therefore, strengthening media literacy is crucial to help the public critically interpret political content online.  

The growth of exclusive and intolerant religious ideologies poses a serious challenge to national and religious life, especially among adolescents. Therefore, instilling moderate Islamic values is crucial to shield the younger generation from the influence of radicalism. This community service aims to strengthen the understanding and practice of moderate Islamic values through an Aswaja discussion forum for students at Pondok Pesantren Darul Hikmah Bangkalan. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach through training and thematic discussions on Aswaja (Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah) values such as tawassuth (moderation), tasamuh (tolerance), tawazun (balance), and i'tidal (justice). The results of the service show an increased understanding and strengthened inclusive and peaceful religious attitudes among the participants. This activity recommends the continuous development of similar discussion forums as a strategic medium for moderate religious character education in Islamic boarding schools.

This paper discusses the importance of developing tarkib (grammatical structure) and vocabulary evaluation instruments in learning Arabic, which is a crucial aspect in understanding and composing meaningful sentences. Tarkib learning includes exercises in underlining fi'il and fa'il, converting ismiyyah sentences to fi'liyah numbers, filling in blanks and selecting answers in parentheses, completing sentences, identifying the type of amount. Vocabulary learning includes practice in pronouncing vocabulary according to pictures, writing vocabulary based on pictures and filling in blank sentences. This article also outlines the different levels of mastery of tarkib, from beginner to advanced. It is emphasized that effective and adaptive evaluation instruments are needed to measure students' abilities objectively, so as to improve students' linguistic competence and logical thinking skills.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication that often occurs in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness in older adults and the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a literature review of 10 journals published between 2022 and 2025. The results of the analysis show that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy globally reaches 35%, with the main risk factors including long duration of diabetes (>5 years), high HbA1c levels (>7%), and poor glycemic control. The majority of cases of diabetic retinopathy are found in the non-proliferative stage (65%), which is characterized by microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages, while the proliferative stage is less common but has a high risk of causing blindness. The study also revealed that patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia tend to experience more severe diabetic retinopathy. Further stages of diabetic retinopathy if not managed properly can cause vision-threatening conditions. However, low patient compliance in metabolic control and eye examination is a major challenge. Management of diabetic retinopathy requires a holistic approach that includes patient education, regular screening, and comprehensive risk factor control to prevent progression of diabetic retinopathy and maintain the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Phlegmon is a serious infection affecting the maxillofacial area. Cases of phlegmon cause more than 50% mortality before the development of antibiotics, and 90% are due to acute infection of molar teeth. Examination of cervical vertebrae can help the diagnosis by using AP Axial, Lateral, right posterior oblique (RPO)/left posterior oblique (LPO) projections of 15º-20º cephalad, and right anterior oblique (RAO)/left anterior oblique (LAO) 15º-20º caudad while in the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital, using AP Axial projection 15º cephalad, Lateral and oblique (RPO and LPO) with perpendicular beam direction without other modalities such as MRI and CT Scan. This study aims to further examine radiographic examination procedures and projections of RPO and LPO with perpendicular ray directions. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach at the Radiology Installation of Yogyakarta City Hospital from September 2024 to May 2025. Data were collected by observation, documentation and interviews with 3 radiographers and 1 radiology specialist. Data analysis was done by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed 3-position photographs to evaluate the overall condition of the cervical vertebrae and surrounding tissues. RPO and LPO projections are not angled according to the applicable SOP and have no significant effect, because the main focus of phlegmon is soft tissue evaluation and is not related to the evaluation of nerve abnormalities in the intervertebral foramen. However, for phlegmon cases with serious severity, other modalities such as MRI, CT scan or ultrasound should be added in order to detect soft tissue and the cause of phlegmon for further action.

This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming Islamic journalism and digital da’wah by analyzing the ethical challenges posed by algorithmically mediated media. Employing a critical-interpretive approach, the research examines how algorithmic logic impacts the production, visibility, and ethical dimensions of Islamic content on platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. The findings reveal a growing tension between Islamic communication principles—sidq (truth), amanah (trust), and hikmah (wisdom)—and the operational values of AI systems that prioritize virality, personalization, and engagement metrics. This paper contributes to global discourse by proposing a hybrid ethical framework that bridges Islamic communication ethics with digital media accountability. It argues for an integrative model where spiritual integrity, transparency, and justice guide the development and use of AI in Islamic media contexts.  

Pancasila learning at the elementary school level has a strategic role in forming the ethical and moral foundations of the younger generation from an early age. This article aims to analyze the influence of Pancasila learning on the formation of ethical and moral character of elementary school students with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and documentation studies in several elementary schools in urban and rural areas. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila learning that is implemented consistently and contextually can foster an attitude of tolerance, responsibility, mutual cooperation, and a sense of love for the homeland in students. Pancasila values ​​conveyed through a thematic approach and based on real experiences have proven to be more effective in forming positive student behavior in the school environment and at home. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of teacher understanding of effective learning methods and low support from the environment outside of school. Therefore, there needs to be continuous teacher training and synergy between schools, families, and communities so that Pancasila learning can function optimally in forming children's character. In conclusion, Pancasila learning has a significant influence on the formation of ethics and morals of elementary school students, but the success of its implementation is highly dependent on the method, consistency, and support from various parties. This article is expected to be a reference for educators and policy makers in designing a more adaptive and applicable value curriculum.

The Weekend Tahfidz Program at Ali Hikmah Qur’an House in Sangatta is one of the efforts to shape students’ character through memorization and application of the values of the Qur’an. This study is motivated by the moral degradation among the younger generation influenced by globalization and technology, making character education increasingly important to implement. The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the influence of the Weekend Tahfidz Program on the character formation of the students. The research method used a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The research population consisted of 45 students who served as the sample. The results showed that the Weekend Tahfidz Program variable (X) had a positive effect on students’ character (Y), with a correlation coefficient of 0.4108 and a t-test result of 2.9547 (> 1.6810), indicating a significant influence. In addition, the contribution of this program to character formation reached 16.87%. Thus, the Weekend Tahfidz Program has a positive impact, although not dominant, and therefore should be developed alongside other factors to strengthen the character formation of the students.  Abstrak. Program Tahfidz Weekend di Rumah Qur’an Ali Hikmah Sangatta merupakan salah satu upaya pembentukan karakter santri melalui penghafalan dan penerapan nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh degradasi moral generasi muda yang dipengaruhi oleh globalisasi dan teknologi, sehingga pendidikan karakter menjadi penting untuk diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Program Tahfidz Weekend terhadap pembentukan karakter santri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 45 santri sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Program Tahfidz Weekend (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap karakter santri (Y), dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,4108 dan hasil uji t sebesar 2,9547 (> 1,6810), yang berarti pengaruh tersebut signifikan. Selain itu, kontribusi program ini terhadap pembentukan karakter mencapai 16,87%. Dengan demikian, Program Tahfidz Weekend memberikan dampak positif meskipun tidak dominan, sehingga perlu dikembangkan bersama faktor lain untuk memperkuat pembentukan karakter santri.

This study aims to examine curriculum management in Islamic educational institutions in addressing the challenges of modernization and digitalization without abandoning Islamic values. The research background is based on the reality that many Islamic institutions still face obstacles in curriculum management, including knowledge integration, technological readiness, and teacher competence. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method conducted at Madrasah Tsanawiyah and Aliyah Salafiyah of Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikmah Yogyakarta. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation, analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s model. The findings reveal that the institution has implemented integrative and participatory curriculum management by combining the National Curriculum with local pesantren content. The curriculum is developed through teacher deliberations, implementation based on Islamic values in all subjects, and periodic evaluation. Although challenges remain, such as teacher competency variation and suboptimal character evaluation, this model demonstrates relevant adaptation to the demands of the 21st century. The study’s implications contribute to the development of holistic, contextual, and Islamically-characterized curriculum management strategies in Islamic educational institutions.

This study aims to analyze the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in history learning at Madrasah Aliyah Darul Hikmah Tawangsari. The background of this study is based on the rapid development of ICT in the era ofe the industrial revolution 4.0 which has an impact on the education sector, especially in Islamic boarding school-based institutions. Thisc study usesa a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Darul Hikmah Islamice Boarding Schoole has succeeded in integrating ICT into history learning through the preparation of a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), preparation ofe learning media, and implementation of ICT-based learning. The application of ICT has been proven to increase students' interest, activeness, and understanding of history material. This study provides an overview of the strategy of ICT integration in history learning in the Islamic boarding school environment and its positive implications for the quality of learning.    

Elderly individuals living in nursing homes often face psychological challenges such as loneliness, loss of social roles, and limited interaction with family members. This qualitative study aims to explore how nursing home staff perceive the psychological well-being of the elderly based on Ryff’s six dimensions: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. A qualitative approach was employed using in-depth interviews with two permanent staff members at Panti Werdha Harapan Ibu, Semarang, who were purposively selected based on their involvement in elderly care. Data were collected through open-ended interviews guided by Ryff’s scale indicators and analyzed thematically. The results indicate that the elderly are able to accept their condition, build warm social relationships, maintain a level of independence in daily activities, and successfully adapt to the nursing home environment. They also show enthusiasm in participating in various activities and a willingness to continue personal development. These findings suggest that the psychological well-being of the elderly in nursing homes is largely influenced by social support from staff and fellow residents, as well as structured activities that foster a sense of purpose and meaning in life. The implications of this study highlight the vital role of nursing home staff as key agents in maintaining and enhancing the psychological well-being of the elderly through a personal, warm, and humanistic approach.

This study aims to understand the factors that influence elderly satisfaction in a nursing home environment, focusing on social, physical and psychosocial aspects. Through a qualitative approach, data was collected from in-depth interviews with residents and direct observation at the nursing home, which was then thematically analyzed. The results showed that harmonious social relationships with fellow residents and staff play a crucial role in increasing the sense of security, respect and acceptance of the elderly. In addition, a clean and comfortable physical environment supports their well-being, while the various activities provided help maintain mental and physical health. These findings emphasize the importance of building a family atmosphere and paying attention to the holistic needs of the elderly to improve their quality of life in nursing homes.

This study examines the efforts to preserve the Djimbe drum craft culture in Kepanjenkidul District, Blitar City. The objectives of this study are: To describe the efforts to preserve the djimbe drum craft culture in Kepanjenkidul District, Blitar City. This study is a descriptive qualitative study using observation, interview and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. By using the Chaeder Alwasilah theory study, this study examines how preservation efforts can be carried out. The results of the study indicate that the Djimbe Drum Craft Culture in Kepanjenkidul District has met three aspects, namely (1) Appreciation, Increasing Knowledge, in this aspect the Djimbe Drum Craft Culture has three indicators including cultural heritage, environment, availability of raw materials, understanding history, manufacturing process and empowerment through exhibitions and training. (2) Collective planning, in this aspect the Djimbe Drum Craft Culture has four indicators including increasing quality by maintaining value, developing marketing methods, developing innovation, and optimizing coordination with related parties. (3) Utilization of Cultural Productivity, in this aspect the Djimbe Kendang Craft Culture has five indicators which contain the impacts resulting from the Djimbe Kendang Craft Culture for the surrounding community and the City of Blitar.

The Fatimid Dynasty was an Isma'ili Shia caliphate established in the early 10th century CE, ruling over North Africa and later Egypt. This article examines the legacy of the Fatimid Dynasty, which ruled from 909 to 1171 CE, focusing on their conquest of the Maghreb region and the pivotal takeover of Egypt that marked a significant milestone in their history. Claiming direct descent from Fatimah az-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad, the Fatimids established their capital in Cairo and fostered the growth of Islamic culture and education, including the founding of Al-Azhar University. The article also explores the emergence of the Darazi sect as part of the internal dynamics within Ismaili Shi'ism, which influenced the political and religious landscape of the dynasty. The rise and decline of the Fatimid Dynasty were shaped by both internal challenges and external pressures until its eventual fall in the 12th century. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the political, military, social, and religious aspects that defined the Fatimid Dynasty’s role in Islamic history.