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The background of this research was that there were several problems regarding students' English achievement and their higher order thinking skills. Theory said that higher order thinking skills can be a tool that can help improve student learning achievement. Researchers found there was a difference between theory and facts in the field. Teachers have implemented HOTS in the learning process, but English scores are still low. Therefore, researchers want to know the relationship between students' HOTS and their English achievement. The design of this research is correlational research. Researchers used test instrument to collect students' HOTS scores, and documentation was used to collect students' English scores in their second semester report cards. The population of this research was all seventh grade students, which consist two classes. The sample of this research was class VII A, totaling 24 students. The sampling for this research was cluster sampling. Researchers used Bivariate Pearson Correlation to determine the correlation between the two variables. The results of this research showed that the correlation coefficient between the two variables is 0.471. Then the magnitude of the correlation is sufficient, around 0.40-0.60. Thus, there is a positive correlation between students' higher order thinking skills (HOTS) and their English achievement in the seventh grade of SMPN 3 Koto Besar.

Research on the concept of abuse of authority in the Corruption Constitution in Indonesia, elaborating on this problem along with the concept of abuse of authority in decisions court. Elaboration with normative research methods, in the final results show that any inconsistency in the formulation of the offense in Article 3 of the PTPK Law. The location of the inconsistency is an element from violation First with Meaning enrich self Alone, person other, or corporation formulated in a way material, whereas element 2nd can harm finance country or economy. Formal Terms Which formulated on base thinking This, that is element violation to abuse authority, chance, or means Which he has because of his position/position. The solution is possible with certain characteristics among the concept of breaking law with draft abuse authority And in practice his, proof abuse authority is matter Which difficult, Because For evaluate abuse This authority is factually related authority, suggested in Article 3 of Law no. 31 of 1999 jo. Act No 20 Year 2001 deleted just. Reason others are: element deed oppose law in Article 2 Law no. 31 of 1999 jo. UU no. 20 of 2001 has been able to accommodate the elements abuse of authority, because abuse of authority is a species of the genus element violate law.  

Bullying is a serious problem that occurs in the school environment and can have a negative impact on children. Bullying includes intimidation, physical violence, verbal abuse, and emotional thinking towards vulnerable victims by a person or group of people. The aim of this research is to examine legal protection for children who are victims of bullying in the junior high school environment. Bullying has become a big problem in educational environments, where children often experience physical, verbal and emotional violence. This study focuses on analyzing the legal framework that exists to protect these young victims and ensure their well-being in the school environment. This research is empirical legal research, using a statutory-regulatory approach (legislative approach) and a legal sociological approach (socio-legal approach). The results of this research indicate the need for comprehensive legal action to eradicate bullying in junior high schools, including prevention strategies, effective reporting mechanisms, and appropriate disciplinary action against perpetrators. In addition, this study emphasizes the need for the role of schools and the state in creating a safe and supportive environment for children, where incidents of bullying are promptly addressed and the rights of victims are protected.    

This research aims to discuss the application of cognitive learning theory in the learning process in elementary schools. The main focus is on how cognitive approaches can improve students' understanding and skills. The research methods used were literature studies and field observations in several elementary schools. Cognitive learning theory was developed by experts such as Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, who emphasized the importance of internal mental processes in understanding information. Piaget described four stages of children's cognitive development, while Bruner emphasized discovery-based learning. The research results show that a cognitive approach to learning can increase learning effectiveness, student motivation, as well as critical and creative thinking abilities. Students taught using cognitive methods show active participation in class activities, increased understanding of the material, and higher academic scores compared to traditional learning methods. Teachers report that this method helps students develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. The practical implications of this research suggest that cognitive learning methods should be widely applied in elementary schools to optimize students' learning potential.

This research aims to describe the role of teachers in 21st century learning for elementary school students in the independent curriculum.  In this research, the method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with a library research approach, namely an approach that focuses on literature analysis.  Researchers collect data from various written sources such as books, journals and other references.  Based on the research results, it shows that in 21st century learning teachers have a very important and crucial role in the learning process and development of students' skills based on 4C skills (communication, critical thinking, collaboration and creativity).  It is hoped that 21st century learning for elementary school students through the independent curriculum can develop students' potential and skills to compete with developments that are increasingly developing day by day.  The implementation of the independent curriculum in elementary schools also plays a role in creating empowered students, able to adapt to current developments through a project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students.  Therefore, it is hoped that there will be collaboration and support from parents, school principals and the government so as to produce a young generation who are intelligent, have character and are ready to face the future. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana peran guru dalam pembelajaran abad-21 pada siswa sekolah dasar di kurikulum merdeka. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research, yaitu pendekatan yang berfokus pada analisis literatur. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber tertulis seperti buku, jurnal, dan referensi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembelajaran abad-21 guru memiliki peran yang sangat penting dan krusial dalam proses pembelajaran dan pengembangan keterampilan siswa berdasarkan keterampilan 4C (communication, critical thinking, collaboration, dan creativity). Pembelajaran abad-21 pada siswa sekolah dasar melalui kurikulum merdeka diharapkan dapat mengembangkan potensi dan keterampilan siswa untuk bersaing dengan perkembangan zaman yang kian hari makin berkembang. Implementasi kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar juga berperan untuk menciptakan siswa yang berdaya, mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan zaman melalui projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila. Oleh karena itu diharapkan adanya kolaborasi dan dukungan  dari orang tua, kepala sekolah dan pemerintah sehingga menghasilkan generasi muda yang cerdas, berkarakter, dan siap menghadapi masa depan.

Effective change management requires five main steps: assessing the situation, planning the change, putting the plan into practice, analyzing the results, and ensuring that the change is safe and effective in the organization. This research is in-depth about “Organizational Change Management: Effective Strategies in Facing Global Challenges.” Through the literature study method, this research examines more deeply how to implement an effective change management strategy to face an era of boundless global competition characterized by rapid changes in the business environment and advances in communication and information technology. In this effective strategy, it is necessary to involve employees and leaders who change the paradigm of thinking to face the rapid changes in the business environment in global competition for the success of the transformation.

The education sector requires innovation to prepare students to become competent individuals and to produce high-quality individuals in society by equipping them with various 21st-century skills to meet the demands of changing times. Through the everyone is teacher here learning strategy, it is hoped that students can develop critical thinking skills, which are highly essential in the current era of globalization.This research aims to explore how the everyone is teacher here learning strategy is implemented in SMKN 1 Wonosobo, its impact on fostering critical thinking, the factors influencing its implementation, and the outcomes after its execution. This study employs a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis involves triangulation.The findings reveal that the Islamic Education teachers at SMKN 1 Wonosobo have effectively implemented the everyone is teacher here learning strategy. The cultivation of students' critical thinking skills has started to progress well, although there are indicators that need reinforcement due to some students' lack of concentration in receiving new material. Supportive factors for the "everyone is teacher here" strategy are easily planned and implemented, encouraging students to actively engage in developing their thinking skills. Inhibiting factors include lack of concentration, reading interest, and self-confidence among some students. The implementation of the "everyone is teacher here" strategy has led to students' progress in critical thinking, increased self-confidence, self-expression, and greater responsibility.

Education is an activity that helps people talk about what they already know in order to broaden their understanding of life's fundamentals. The foundations or principles that guide one's life, particularly those derived from religious ideals, are crucial for governing and enhancing the system of life. Based on observations made by the author at Takhassus Al-Qur'an Middle School, it is stated that there is a lack of student focus in learning and students' abilities vary in receiving learning. However, this does not rule out the possibility that students can stimulate learning more quickly. This can be done by training students' thinking through the rote method because the more the brain gets used to it, the more it will be trained and of course it will increase students' intelligence. The level of cognitive intelligence is divided into 3, namely: level of memory and understanding, level of application, level of analysis, evaluation and creativity. By using the rote method so that the level of cognitive development is observed in memory and understanding.Based on the findings of the author's research, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1) The memorization method for teaching PAI at Takhassus Al-Qur'an Middle School is in the good category, the level of cognitive intelligence of Takhassus Al-Qur'an Middle School students is known to be in the good category and level Student memorization based on memorization scores in PAI learning subjects is in the very good category. 2) hypothesis testing based on the t value, the predetermined value of tcount > ttable, namely 2.867 > 1.69389, while based on the significance value of 0.008 < 0.05, it is concluded that the rote method variable (X) has an effect on the cognitive intelligence variable (Y). simple linear regression (11.151 + 0.363 determination is 0.215, which means it has a positive influence of 21.5% and 78.5% is influenced by other factors that are not yet known by researchers. 3) Supporting factors in the memorization method for students' cognitive intelligence at Takhassus Al-Qur'an Middle School, namely using Mr. Abdurrahman al Asy'ari's method which is practiced in the tahfidz class using a special Al-Qur'an, level of perseverance, consistency in training, environment learning, and student concentration during the learning process.

This study examines the effectiveness of Project Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing cross-cultural communication skills within international language education programs. As globalization increases, effective communication across cultures is essential, and language programs must equip students with these skills. PBL, a learner-centered instructional strategy, integrates real-world problems into the learning process, promoting student participation, collaboration, and critical thinking. The research found that students engaged in PBL showed significant improvements in communication competence, collaboration, and intercultural understanding compared to those in traditional lecture-based instruction. The study suggests that PBL not only enhances language proficiency but also fosters cultural awareness and empathy through projects involving cross-cultural collaboration and problem-solving. Furthermore, PBL offers a more effective platform for practicing language skills in real-world scenarios, as opposed to traditional methods focused on theoretical aspects. The findings demonstrate that PBL is particularly effective in international programs, where students from diverse cultural backgrounds work together to solve global issues, thus improving their ability to communicate and collaborate across cultures. The research concludes that integrating PBL into international language education programs significantly enhances students' cross-cultural communication skills. The study encourages educational institutions to adopt PBL and suggests further research on complementary strategies, including technology, virtual exchanges, and intercultural simulations.

This study explores the effectiveness of inquirybased learning (IBL) in enhancing problemsolving skills among high school students in mathematics. The research is based on a case study conducted in a school where IBL methods were incorporated into the curriculum. The findings suggest that students engaged in inquirybased activities showed improved critical thinking and problemsolving abilities compared to traditional teaching methods. This paper discusses the impact of IBL on students' motivation and their ability to approach complex mathematical problems with greater confidence.

Learning difficulties do not only occur in students attending primary to secondary school, but also occur in mathematics education students. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review research method. Mathematics education students are part of the teaching faculty who are hired to become educators, namely the inability to understand the material, this main factor is the main factor in the difficulty of learning mathematics, students in the first semester are vulnerable to semesters 1-3 where the learning method is between schools. and different lectures make students in the first semester of mathematics education experience a shock of understanding, students are required not only to gain understanding in lecture classes but also in seminars, presentations and research, this study concludes. But one of the main factors is external where jockeying has a domino effect Mathematics education students must be aware of this so that they do not become students who are dull in thinking, logic and the future. The author states that no matter how smart the student is, if they still use assignment coaching services, they can be said to be suffering from an illness as is another definition of learning difficulties..

This study examines the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into language learning and its effects on secondary school students' intercultural sensitivity, global perspectives, and critical thinking. As globalization expands, education systems must not only develop linguistic skills but also prepare students to engage with global challenges and diverse cultures. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, reflective journals, and classroom observations to assess how GCE influences students' understanding of global issues and cultural diversity. Results show that GCE integration significantly enhances students' intercultural sensitivity and global awareness, equipping them to navigate cross-cultural interactions. Students also demonstrated improved critical thinking skills, especially in analyzing global issues and engaging with intercultural viewpoints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning, such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), in fostering intercultural empathy and global citizenship skills. It suggests that language educators should integrate GCE themes to develop globally conscious and interculturally aware students. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of GCE on language learners and its application in various educational settings. By providing students with the tools to tackle global challenges, GCE can play a crucial role in shaping responsible, globally aware citizens.

This study explores the influence of teachers' pedagogical beliefs on the integration of technology in language education. Teachers' beliefs significantly impact their technology adoption and how it is utilized in the classroom, shaping the learning experiences of students. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with classroom observations to examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their use of technology in language education settings. The findings reveal that teachers with constructivist beliefs, which emphasize active, student-centered learning, are more likely to integrate technology in ways that support engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking. In contrast, teachers with traditional, teacher-centered beliefs are more likely to use technology primarily for content delivery and repetition, limiting its potential to foster interactive and student-driven learning environments. The study also highlights the gap between teachers' positive beliefs about technology and their actual practices, which are often hindered by external barriers such as lack of training, resources, and institutional support. The research suggests that professional development programs should address both pedagogical beliefs and technological competencies to facilitate successful technology integration. Furthermore, the study calls for future research to explore how specific pedagogical models, like constructivism, can be further aligned with technology integration to improve learning outcomes. The research also emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies to understand the evolution of teachers' beliefs and their impact on technology use in language education.

In the 21st century, the acquisition of English as a second language is very important for a group of children in Walal Village who are currently studying at elementary school. This is useful for supporting 6 skills of 21st century education, namely critical thinking, communication, creativity, collaboration, culture and connectivity. Walal Village is one of the model villages in Sorong Regency which has a high enthusiasm for creating the latest breakthroughs, especially in the field of education. Walal Village is located in Salawati District which must be traveled 35 kilometers from Sorong City. Thus, access to information related to education is very limited for children in Walal Village. In this case, students of the Community Service Lecture (KPM) at the Muhammadiyah Sorong Education University provided one month of English literacy assistance for the children of Kampung Walal community. The aim of this assistance is an effort to empower Human Resources (HR) through a community empowerment program for English language learning guidance.  This English literacy assistance is very important to provide to Walal Village children who are already aware of the importance of English around them. This program is also related to the description of the Walal Village Government's vision and mission in developing human resources in terms of quality education. English literacy assistance includes acquiring English, processing language in the form of remembering and memorizing words or terms, and understanding meanings that can be applied to listening, reading, speaking and writing skill activities. The efforts of this English literacy assistance are to change the mindset of the children of Walal Village that learning English is fun, regardless of age, and affordable. In fact, through mentoring, children in Walal Village experience changes in knowledge and attitudes during the English literacy process.

The development of the internet and technology is currently growing so that it provides many benefits but also negative impacts. For children who are still underage, the problem that is often encountered is the spread of fake news or more commonly known as hoaxes. This is the background of this PKM activity to contribute to the community, especially 7th grade students at SMP NU Palangka Raya. This PKM activity aims to teach critical listening and thinking skills to provide a better understanding of the existence of hoaxes, and train students to be more critical in filtering the information they receive. The activity was conducted for 7th grade students with 2 different classes at SMP NU Palangka Raya. This PKM method uses participatory observation. The results of the observation showed that classes 7-1 and 7-2 were active in this service activity. However, class 7-1 was more interactive than class 7-2. This activity makes a positive contribution in shaping a smarter and more critical young generation in the use of social media

The revival of thinking about religious freedom as an integral part of human rights has become an increasingly important topic of discussion in the current global context. Human Rights are rights that are very inherent in every human being, especially every individual. In Indonesia, religious freedom which is linked to human rights has been regulated in statutory regulations. The content of the law is to emphasize that a country can guarantee the freedom of every resident to practice their own religion. Some regions may have certain rules or norms that limit religious freedom, even though they are legally constitutional. Indonesia guarantees religious freedom, this still occurs in cases of human rights violations related to religious freedom in several places in Indonesia.

The importance of computational thinking skills has encouraged educational institutions around the world to integrate these concepts into their curricula. However, the challenge faced is finding the most effective learning methods and models to teach these skills. An appropriate learning model must not only be able to attract students' interest and motivation, but must also be able to increase their understanding and practical abilities in computational thinking. This research adopts a literature review method to explore information about effective learning models in improving students' computational thinking skills. Data was collected from various sources such as national and international journals, reference books, newspapers and magazines. The main aim of this literature review, as explained. The results of research on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning show very positive results in improving students' computational thinking. These two models not only improve computational thinking skills, but also critical, creative and analytical thinking skills, as well as student participation and involvement in the learning process.

Merdeka curriculum is a new curriculum from the Ministry of Education and Culture which is a renewal of the previous curriculum and educational changes to realize superior Indonesian Human Resources (HR) with the profile of Pancasila students. Computational thinking is a core skill needed and is considered by experts to be able to support the education sector in the 21st century, therefore computational thinking is part of the independent curriculum. For this reason, this research focuses on analyzing computational thinking in teachers and students in the context of implementing an Merdeka Curriculum. The purpose of this research is to find out, describe and to improve the analysis of computational thinking in teachers and students in the implementation of an Merdeka Curriculum. The method used in this research is the literature study method by identifying based on previous research in various literature sources to be analyzed. This research identified 5 previous journals published from 2022 to 2023. The result of this research is that the integration of computational thinking in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum has great potential and is an important step to improve the quality of learning or education in Indonesia in order to prepare or give birth to the next generation who are creative, innovative, able to solve problems and can be competitive in the digital era.

Film is a mass communication medium, which has an influence on society. Film is also a form of message consisting of various signs and symbols that form a system of meaning so that people can interpret it differently, depending on the reference and the person's thinking ability. The film Two Blue Lines by Gina S. Noer raises the theme of teenage pregnancy. The interpretation of conflict in scenes in this film is the background for this research to look at the reception of the audience's position      

The focus of the discussion in this research regarding the role of literature in learning Indonesian and the importance of reading literary works in developing language skills can provide a deep understanding of how literature influences students' learning processes. The integration of literature in Indonesian language learning is still less than optimal. Therefore, efforts need to be made to optimize the role of literature. By optimizing the role of literature, it is hoped that learning Indonesian can provide maximum benefits for students. In this research, the author used a qualitative method through literature study. Literature has a significant role in learning Indonesian. Literary works can be used as a medium to develop language skills (listening, reading, writing, speaking), enrich vocabulary, understand grammar, and increase appreciation of literary works. Apart from that, literary learning also plays a role in instilling life values, building character, encouraging creativity, and increasing awareness of culture and diversity. Literature also encourages students' creativity and critical thinking, literature learning allows students to express their feelings about beautiful things.