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In the school environment, efforts to build students' discipline awareness are a challenge in themselves, especially amidst social dynamics and technological developments that influence adolescent behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine discipline issues and describe the approaches applied by BK teachers at SMP Pecawan Medan in building students' discipline awareness. With a qualitative descriptive research method, case study design. The results of the study indicate that student discipline problems at SMP Pecawan Medan are quite complex, covering various violations such as lateness, violations of rules, to deviant behavior. BK teachers apply a humanistic and educational approach through personal dialogue, individual counseling, a combined preventive and curative approach, and behavioral evaluation. The approach taken by BK teachers does not only emphasize punishment, but also on understanding the reasons for violations and character building. Parental involvement and collaboration between schools also strengthen the effectiveness of coaching.

This article examines the strategic role of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in preparing a skilled workforce amid global dynamics and rapid technological developments. The focus of the discussion lies in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum which provides flexibility for educational units to develop learning that is contextual, adaptive, and relevant to the needs of the world of work. Through strengthening the project-based learning approach, teaching factory, and collaboration with industry, the Merdeka Curriculum encourages harmony between learning in vocational schools and competencies needed by the business world and the industrial world (DUDI). This article analyzes curriculum documents, learning outcomes, and Graduate Competency Standards (SKL), and identifies a number of challenges in implementation, such as inequality of facilities, limited involvement of DUDI, uneven teacher capacity, and regulatory complexity. By referring to regulations such as Permendikbudristek No. 12 of 2024 and Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2016, the author proposes systematic steps such as competency mapping, preparation of Learning Objectives Flow (ATP), and evidence-based evaluation. The transformation of vocational education through collaboration between stakeholders is expected to create an educational ecosystem that is responsive to industrial and technological changes. This article concludes that vocational schools must be able to become institutions that not only produce job-ready graduates, but also innovative and creative in creating new job opportunities.

This study examines the transformation of musical techniques that occurs in students who take part in big band training, from classroom learning to performance on stage. Big band as a jazz ensemble popular from the Swing Era of 1935 to the late 1940s offers a unique opportunity for students' musical development. This study observed changes in students' technical skills, understanding of dynamics, improvisation and confidence through a qualitative approach by observing 30 high school students during a six-month training program. Results showed significant improvements in the ability to read scores, instrument playing techniques, and aesthetic understanding of big band music. The main challenge identified was the adaptation of marching band playing habits to the big band context, especially in terms of playing dynamics. A training model combining regular practice, music appreciation, and professional guidance proved effective in transforming students' musicality skills from beginner level to being able to perform on stage with appropriate big band aesthetic standards.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the effects of inflation on household consumption in Indonesia. Thus, the focus on the dynamics of people's spending is based on basic needs and non-smoking. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach enhanced by secondary data from macroeconomic literature and primary data in the form of national statistical reports published by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This analysis is carried out based on the concept of Keynes' consumption theory, Friedman's permanent income hypothesis, and Modigliani's life cycle theory. The results show that increasing inflation has a significant impact on lower household consumption. In particular, the low group with moderate sorting shows a large allocation of income for basic needs. Groups with higher incomes through alternative strategies or delayed consumption tend to be more adaptable. These results suggest that price control policies and social security networks are strengthened as an effort to maintain consumption stability in the budget. This summary includes the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions related to explaining the actual conditions and political impacts of the relationship between Indonesian inflation and household consumption.

Indonesia has a big aspiration to achieve the status of a developed and sovereign country by 2045, known as Indonesia Emas 2045. A strong and adaptive fiscal foundation is a crucial prerequisite to realize this vision. This article aims to analyze the potential for Indonesia's fiscal transformation in the context of this vision. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study that collects and analyzes from three research journals, namely from economic journals, money and banking credit journals, and financial inclusion development journals, the journals focus on two significant aspects: the necessity of a policy to increase the Value Added Tax (VAT) rate to 12 percent and the influence of the development of the cashless society phenomenon. Through a synthesis and comparative analysis of various previous studies, this article explores the potential economic and social impacts of the increase in tax rates, and identifies the opportunities and challenges posed by the shift in transaction preferences towards non-cash on state revenues and financial management. The results of this study are expected to provide a comprehensive perspective for policy makers in formulating effective, sustainable, and responsive fiscal strategies to economic and social dynamics in order to achieve Indonesia Emas 2045.

This research discusses the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in teaching traditional dance as a means of increasing the cultural literacy of junior high school students. The research aims to overcome the lack of students' understanding of traditional dance due to the lack of direct interaction with these cultural practices. The research method used a qualitative case study approach. The case study was chosen because it allows researchers to intensively explore the dynamics of learning in a limited context, namely at SMPN 13 Jakarta, and produce a comprehensive understanding of the role of AR technology in building cultural literacy. The results showed that the use of AR in traditional dance learning significantly increased students' interest, participation, and understanding of the cultural values contained in dance. In conclusion, the integration of AR technology in cultural arts learning provides a new alternative in shaping learning that is more contextual, collaborative, and oriented towards strengthening character and local cultural values. This research recommends expanding the use of AR media not only in dance, but also in other cultural arts fields such as music, visual arts, and theater.

This article will examine a concept of public space from Jurgen Habermas' perspective with a focus on the dynamics of human social interaction as social creatures in the broad public space zone. Through a detailed analysis of Jurgen Habermas' thoughts, this article will answer how a public space has a function as an arena where individuals and groups will participate in public discourse, such as forming recreational activities, forming academic activity venues, building social and cultural activities. , initiating a mindset in the form of opinions, ideas, ideas, discussions, and together building a context. Apart from all that, this article will also describe the challenges faced by contemporary public space zones in the digital and globalization era, focusing on the application of Jürgen Habermas' public space concept which offers a rich analytical framework for understanding the dynamics of social interaction in the context of modern society. Thus, it is hoped that writing this article will be able to contribute to the development of theory, reasoning and practice that is relevant to contemporary issues surrounding public space, such as the situation of public space as conceived from Jurgen Habermas' perspective.

This study aims to analyze gender representation and family dynamics in the Indonesian film Dua Garis Biru (2019), focusing on the roles, responsibilities, and social stigma experienced by teenage characters after an extramarital pregnancy. This research uses a qualitative content analysis method of scenes, dialog, and character development in the film. The study is based on gender theory and sociocultural perspectives to explore how male and female roles are shaped, contrasted, or reinforced. The results showed strong inequalities in the division of responsibilities, with female characters disproportionately bearing the emotional and social consequences. The role of the family, influenced by traditional values and social pressures, largely determines the decisions and autonomy of the teenage couple. The film also reveals the stigmatization of women's sexuality and motherhood outside the institution of marriage, but at the same time shows a change in perspective between generations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how contemporary Indonesian cinema reflects and challenges prevailing gender norms and family expectations. The implications of this study are important for educators and counselors in addressing gender bias and stigma among teenagers through media literacy.  

This study aims to analyze the tendency of moving toward people in the main character of the novel Pukul Setengah Lima by Rintik Sedu using Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic theory. The main character exhibits behaviors that reflect a neurotic need for affection, approval, and protection through submissiveness, self-sacrifice, and emotional dependence on others. A descriptive qualitative approach is employed, using content analysis of excerpts from the novel. The findings reveal that the tendency to move toward others serves as a psychological response to social anxiety rooted in unresolved inner conflicts and emotional insecurity from the past. This pattern of unbalanced interpersonal relationships acts as a defense mechanism to gain a sense of safety in social life. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in contemporary Indonesian popular literature and enriches the field of literary psychology.

The ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict has provoked widespread global reactions, particularly in the form of economic resistance through consumer boycotts. These boycotts target Israeli-affiliated brands and multinational corporations perceived to be complicit in the occupation and oppression of Palestinians. The core issue lies in the ethical concerns of corporate involvement in human rights violations and the extent to which consumers can influence political dynamics through economic actions. This study aims to explore the global boycott movement as a form of nonviolent resistance, with a specific focus on the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) campaign. Utilizing a library research methodology, this paper draws upon academic literature, news reports, campaign materials, and corporate statements to analyze the motivations, strategies, and impacts of boycott actions worldwide. It investigates how consumer behavior intersects with political activism, and how the digital age amplifies such movements. The research finds that boycotts serve not only as an expression of solidarity with oppressed populations but also as a tool to pressure companies and governments to reevaluate their stances and affiliations. Although the economic impact varies, the symbolic power of collective consumer action contributes significantly to shaping public discourse on global justice. This study highlights the growing importance of ethical consumerism in international relations and recommends further investigation into the legal, economic, and diplomatic consequences of sustained boycott movements.

Layur Mosque is one of the historic mosques in Semarang City that holds high architectural and cultural value. Built in the 18th century by the Arab community in the Pekojan area, this mosque has undergone various physical changes that reflect the dynamics of its social, cultural, and environmental surroundings. This study aims to examine the development of the Layur Mosque's architectural form over time through a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through direct observation, literature review, and interviews with community leaders and mosque administrators. The findings reveal that the changes in the mosque's architectural form can be divided into several phases, starting from its initial tropical-style design with Middle Eastern influences, to modern renovations that retain distinctive elements such as the minaret and overlapping roof. These changes were not only driven by functional needs but also influenced by the cultural and social development of the local community. These findings emphasize that the structure of a mosque can serve as a visual historical source reflecting the journey of a community over time.

In this article, sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools is discussed in relation to human rights violations. Many incidents show the practice of sexual violence involving officials, even though Islamic boarding schools are considered educational institutions that instill moral and religious values. The purpose of this study is to determine the types of human rights violations, the factors that cause sexual violence, and the function of Islamic boarding schools in preventing and implementing efforts to protect victims. This study uses a qualitative method using case studies and literature analysis. The results of the study indicate that verbal, physical, and psychological violence are forms of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools. These incidents are influenced by patriarchal cultural norms, unequal power dynamics, and lack of supervision from outside parties. Victims suffer greatly from the impact, both intellectually and mentally. Therefore, to provide a safe and free learning environment from sexual violence, a comprehensive strategy is needed that involves the rule of law, increasing awareness of human rights, and providing psychosocial support to victims.

This qualitative study employing a case study method aimed to deeply understand the role of peer relationships in shaping bullying experiences at SDN Klampok Arum, Tekung Subdistrict. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents, as well as observations in the school environment. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques. The research findings indicate that peer group norms, particularly those established by group leaders, can initiate and perpetuate bullying behavior. Peer support proved to be a protective factor for victims, while the role of bystanders significantly determined the continuation or cessation of bullying. In conclusion, the dynamics of peer relationships have a significant influence in shaping students' bullying experiences, thus anti- bullying interventions need to consider this social aspect.

This study aims to compare two main theories in modern cosmology, namely the Big Bang Theory and the Steady State Theory, using a descriptive cosmographic approach. This study is motivated by the lack of deep understanding as well as the limited Indonesian literature discussing the fundamental differences between the two theories. By employing a qualitative method through literature review, this research examines the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each theory based on the latest scientific evidence and cosmographic perspectives. The analysis results show that the Big Bang Theory has strong support from observational evidence, such as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), galaxy redshift, and the distribution of light elements, which reinforces the narrative of the expansion and evolution of the universe. In contrast, the Steady State Theory is considered less relevant due to the absence of observational evidence for the creation of new matter and its inability to explain structure and the dynamics of the universe that are currently observed.

This study aims to analyze the economic and social impacts within the environmental context on the sustainability of catfish farming in Basanah Village. Environmental issues such as water quality, land availability, and land-use changes have significantly affected aquaculture practices. Moreover, the social dynamics of the surrounding community, including patterns of cooperation, public perception of catfish farming, and economic impacts on farmers’ income and welfare, are central to the investigation. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving local farmers, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders. The findings reveal that economic aspects, such as production cost efficiency and income improvement, are highly dependent on stable environmental conditions and strong social support. Conversely, environmental degradation and weak social participation hinder business development. Therefore, participatory-based policies integrating sustainable environmental management with the strengthening of local socioeconomic capacities are urgently needed. This study offers a significant contribution as a foundation for formulating empowerment strategies for environmentally and socially-based small-scale aquaculture enterprises at the village level.

Catering entrepreneurs in Indonesia have high market demand. Demand analysis and pricing training training is currently needed for small and medium-sized catering entrepreneurs to know to find out whether the demand is in accordance with the price that can compete in the market. Compete in the market. The utilization of this analysis aims to determine the number of potential customers that are considered important for market opportunities as well as assisting in improving efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. in improving efficiency and optimizing resource allocation. The method used used is a participatory approach to business actors including training and data collection. and data collection. This activity is implemented online through active communication and continuous mentoring. The main target that we took is catering businesses in Majalengka district. This activity includes: 1) Demand analysis training; 2) Pricing training; 3) Collection of questionnaire data collection; 4) Performance monitoring and evaluation. This activity is expected to can create opportunities for catering entrepreneurs in adapting to market dynamics ever-changing demand and can survive by having maximum profit and minimum cost. maximum profit and minimum cost.

Political debates are one of the main elements in the flow of democracy in various countries, including Indonesia. In the context of the general election held by presidential and vice presidential candidates in 2024, the 5th debate is a crucial moment in the political campaign. This study aims to analyze the various communication patterns carried out by each presidential and vice presidential candidate pair in the 5th debate in 2024. The content analysis method is used to identify and analyze the communication methods used by the candidate pairs. Data were obtained from debate transcriptions and analyzed qualitatively to reveal communication patterns, including word choice, speaking style, use of rhetoric, framing, and argumentation strategies. The results of the study show variations in communication patterns between candidate pairs. Each candidate pair uses different communication strategies in their efforts to influence public opinion. Differences in the use of language, rhetoric, and message focus were found between the candidate pairs, reflecting differences in their campaign strategies. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of political communication in the context of political debates in Indonesia. The results of the analysis can provide valuable insights into the understanding of political communication strategies in the democratic process, and provide a foundation for subsequent researchers in this scientific field.

This report discusses a four-month independent internship experience at the Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency of Palangka Raya City, specifically in the general staffing section. The internship aimed to connect theoretical knowledge gained in college with practical work experience in a government environment, as well as to develop administrative, communication, and teamwork skills. During the internship, the author was involved in various staffing administrative activities, such as recording and disposition of incoming and outgoing mail, managing employee data, and supporting internal operations. Through observation, interviews, and documentation methods, the author gained a deep understanding of staffing administrative procedures and the importance of accuracy and coordination in supporting smooth organizational operations. This experience also strengthened professional readiness and broadened insight into the work dynamics within government institutions. The implications of this activity demonstrate that systematic and professional staffing administration plays a crucial role in supporting organizational performance and achieving institutional goals

Abstract. Language acquisition and learning are two fundamental processes in the development of individual language skills, where language acquisition occurs naturally from an early age through interaction with the environment, while language learning takes place in a structured manner through formal teaching methods. This article aims to analyze the principles of language learning, age differences in language learning, and supporting factors that influence the effectiveness of language acquisition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach, and data is obtained from academic journals, research articles, and relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that children are superior in language learning compared to adults, especially in terms of speed and flexibility in absorbing new languages. By understanding the dynamics of language acquisition and learning, teaching methods can be adjusted to increase the effectiveness of language acquisition. Abstrak. Pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa merupakan dua proses fundamental dalam perkembangan kemampuan berbahasa individu, di mana pemerolehan bahasa terjadi secara alami sejak usia dini melalui interaksi dengan lingkungan, sedangkan pembelajaran bahasa berlangsung secara terstruktur melalui metode pengajaran formal. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran bahasa, perbedaan usia dalam pembelajaran bahasa, serta faktor pendukung yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penguasaan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research), dan data diperoleh dari jurnal akademik, artikel penelitian, dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak lebih unggul dalam pembelajaran bahasa dibandingkan orang dewasa, terutama dalam aspek kecepatan dan fleksibilitas dalam menyerap bahasa baru. Dengan memahami dinamika pemerolehan dan pembelajaran bahasa, metode pengajaran dapat disesuaikan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penguasaan bahasa.

Early childhood education (ECE)serves as a faodational stage in a child’s cognitive, social, and emotional develotmet. Assistant teachers play a pivotal role in facilitating effective and conducive learning environments. They contribute to planning, impelenting, and evaluating educational activities tailored to children’s devlomental stages. However, limitations in staffing-often resultin in a single teacher managing 15 children-can impede the effectiveness of instruction and emotional support. This study underscores the positive impact of assistan teachers on classroom dynamics, including enhanced emotional stability among children, improved time management, and optimized learning autcomes. Therefore, the presence of assistant teachers is essential in fostering holistic growth and development in early childhood settings