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Abstract. The systems approach is a holistic method used to improve the quality of learning by considering all interrelated elements in an educational ecosystem. This approach emphasizes the importance of synergy between various components, such as curriculum, educators, students, technology, learning environment, and education policy. With a systems approach, the learning process is not only focused on the transfer of knowledge, but also on the formation of critical skills, collaboration, and problem-solving in accordance with the demands of the globalization era. This study aims to analyze the application of a systems approach in improving the quality of learning at various levels of education. The methodology used involves library research studies. It was found that this approach was able to increase student participation, improve learning outcomes, and create an inclusive learning environment. However, the implementation of a systems approach requires consistent policy support, adequate resource allocation, and collaboration between stakeholders. This research emphasizes that a systems approach is not only relevant but also crucial in facing educational challenges in the digital era, making learning more adaptive, effective, and sustainable.

This research aims to determine the influence of applying problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in the class X Islamic Cultural History subject. The type of research used is quantitative research using a Pre-Experimental design (one-group-pretest-posttest Design). The population in this study was 253 and the sample in this study was 53. The sampling technique used by researchers was Cluster Sampling. The research results obtained based on the results of the paired samples t-test analysis obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 with a significance level of α=0.05, which means 0.000 <0.05, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Meanwhile, it is known that the data df=31, the significance level α=0.05, the t-count value = 24.002 and the t-table = 2.021 so it can be stated that the t-count value is greater than the t-table meaning 24.002>2.021 with a correlation level of 0.960 . So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning the influence of problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in SKI subjects in class is -0.041 (experimental class posttest = 84.84 and control class posttest = 59.05) which means the average score for the experimental class posttest is higher than the control class posttest. Thus it can be concluded that the problem solving method influences student learning outcomes in the SKI class X MAN 3 Banyuwangi subject.

Activeness and Learning Results of Class IV Students at SDN 106161 Laut Dendang Assisted by the PBJL Project Based Learning Model. The aim of this research is to increase student learning activity and achievement through the use of a project-based learning model supported by mind maps as a medium. This research is PTK, and the subjects are fourth grade students. Data is collected using test scores, observation results, and activity rubrics. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that students who were inactive at the beginning of the cycle (64.70%) increased to 76.47%, 26 were quite active, and 24 students who were active increased to 82.35%. For pre-cycle learning outcomes, grade 4 students at SDN Laut Dendang showed completeness of 4.4% 14 students, increasing to 5.9% 20 students, and 85% 29 students in cycle II. Thus, implementing project-based learning with the help of mind maps can increase student activity and learning outcomes.

This research is classroom action research (PTK) which aims to determine the increase in learning motivation and learning outcomes of grade IV elementary school students in mathematics subjects through the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach. Data was collected using questionnaire and test techniques, which were carried out three times, namely at the pre-cycle stage, cycle I and cycle II. The application of the TaRL approach in mathematics learning has proven successful in increasing students' learning motivation. Based on the results of observations, the percentage of learning motivation increased from 49% in the pre-cycle to 61% in cycle I, and rose again to 78% in cycle II. Apart from that, student learning outcomes also showed a significant improvement, with the percentage of completion increasing from 56% in the pre-cycle to 70% in cycle I, and reaching 83% in cycle II, which is included in the good category.

Audio-visual media commonly used in teaching and learning activities in the 21st century. The purpose of this research is to determine how effective audio-visual media is to be applied in elementary schools to improve student learning outcomes in Civics subjects in Elementary Schools. By using qualitative method with a literature study approach. The form of activity carried out is to conduct literature research through collecting data with listening techniques, participatory observation taken from Google Scholar with the keywords "Audio-visual media", "Civics Learning", "Elementary School Students", and "Learning outcomes", and data analysis. The results of the literature study of 12 scientific journals obtained are that audio-visual media is effective to be used in learning and has been proven to improve student learning outcomes.    

There were problems found in the learning process that took place at MIS Tanjungsari Tersono, Tersono District, Batang Regency. This is indicated by the low results of Indonesian language learning in class II. The low results of Indonesian language learning can be seen from the achievement of student learning outcomes in Indonesian language learning which has not met the school's Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM), which is 70 and the average value is still very low. The purpose of this improvement is This research was carried out with the following objectives: Improving Indonesian language learning outcomes in class II using concept map media at MIS Tanjungsari Tersono, Batang Regency. For implementation, Cycle I to Cycle II were used. The author draws a conclusion, with Concept Map Media there is a significant increase in learning outcomes, as evidenced by an average of 63.5 in the Pre-Cycle or a percentage of learning completion of 40% in Cycle I with a percentage of learning completion of 70% and a significant increase in Cycle II with an average of 77 with a percentage of completion of 90% at MIS Tanjungsari Tersono, Batang Regency.

This research aimed to improve students’ activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in solving problems related to money on chapter whole numbers up to 100.000 by using project-based learning integrated with social emotional learning (SEL) for students at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02. This research used classroom action research which carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle was carried out in 4 stages, includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research used observation, tests and documentation as the instruments. The data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed the percentage of students’ activity in cycle I reached 58.84% and increased 87.23% in cycle II. The percentage of learning outcomes in pre-test (pre-cycle) reached 27.28% with average score of 60, it increased 72.23% with average score of 80 in post-test (cycle I), and increased to 90% with average score of 93 in post-test (cycle II). So, it concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning integrated with Social Emotional Learning (SEL) can improve the students’ activities and learning outcomes of mathematics subjects at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02.

Simple present tense is the part of the tense that must mastered by students in learning English if students have not fully understood the material of simple present tense then it can result in the achievement of student learning outcomes, see the formulation of the problem in this study, namely: what kind of difficulty students have in using simple present tense. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that aims to determine the difficulties of students in using simple present tense by grade XI IPA 1 students. Data collection in this study was a questionnaire consisting of 20 students as a source of data in research. The result showed that there were 3 aspects of students difficulty in using simple present tense, including grammar, use of simple present and adverb of time. based on the research data obtained there are 3 students who choose the least correct answer (on grammar) then on (use of simple present) there are 1 students who choose the least correct answer and for (adverb of time) there were 8 students who answered the statement although not all were answered correctly. This shows that for all three aspects of this study, adverb of time is one of the levels of difficulty faced by students in learning tenses. Meanwhile, for the overall percentage of students in understanding and using simple present there are 18.06% (in grammar), then 37.3% (in use simple present) and the last 45% (in adverb of time).

Learning is a harmony between students, teachers and resources in the learning environment. Learning models play an important role in achieving learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning learning model on Elementary School Civics learning outcomes. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) is a learning model that emphasizes the context of the material being studied which is linked to the daily lives of students so that students can understand the material well because they feel familiar with what they do in everyday life. The research approach used is qualitative with data collection techniques, namely literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the Contextual Teaching and Learning learning model is effective for student learning outcomes in the Pancasila Education subject in Elementary Schools.

The role of teachers in enhancing students' active participation in the learning process, which is considered an important element in the success of teaching and learning activities. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach and literature review to recognise the various elements that impact on student participation, including internal (psychological and physiological) and external (non-social and social) factors. The article also examines learning strategies such as problem-oriented learning, active learning and project-based learning to enhance student engagement. In addition, methods such as ‘Index Card Match’ and discovery-based learning models are used to increase student participation. The results showed that students' participation contributed significantly to their learning achievement, both through active involvement in discussions and the courage to ask questions. The author suggests the application of creative teaching methods as well as efficient teacher questioning skills to optimise students' participation potential in the classroom.

This research aims to explore student management in improving academic and non-academic achievements at SMPN 1 Lembah Sorik Marapi. Using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, this research collects data through interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that effective student management plays an important role in building student achievement. Factors such as careful planning, support for extracurricular activities, and student motivation directly impact academic and non-academic outcomes. However, obstacles were also found such as a lack of teacher professionalism in preparing Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) and variations in learning methods, which resulted in decreased student motivation. This research underlines the need for evaluation and improvement in the education system, especially to improve the balance between academic achievement and developing students' interests through non-academic activities.

Education plays a vital role in shaping high-quality human resources, and parental involvement is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes. This research focuses on MAN 1 Madina, which aims to produce a generation that excels and possesses Islamic character. Parental involvement in this school varies, with some parents actively helping their children learn, while others face challenges. The role of parents in the learning process and the impact of their involvement on the quality of their children’s education is the objective of this study. Using students, parents, and teachers as research subjects, a qualitative descriptive approach was employed. The results indicate that active parental involvement influences students’ motivation and academic achievement. The study also identifies supporting and inhibiting factors of parental involvement, which can be utilized by the school to strengthen collaboration between parents and the school.

When conducting research, many language errors were found in the writing of observation reports in class 8A of SMP 20 Tasikmalaya. The approach used is descriptive qualitative combined with language error analysis theory. Research data on student learning outcomes is in the form of 36 texts. Data was collected using interview and observation techniques. The research results showed that there were 25 students who made mistakes and 11 students who did not make mistakes, especially at the phonological level. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of success of students in writing observation report texts.

Human resource (HR) development is a key element in realizing competency-based schools that are able to face the challenges of the globalization era. This study aims to analyze HR development strategies in educational environments with a systematic approach involving teachers, staff, and students. The research methods used are literature review and direct observation at several competency-based schools in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that effective HR development includes three main aspects: strengthening teacher pedagogical competence, increasing staff managerial capacity, and forming a learning culture in students. The proposed strategies include ongoing training, empowering digital technology, and collaborating with external parties such as the business world and industry. The implementation of this strategy shows an increase in individual and institutional performance, especially in terms of adaptability to curriculum changes, the use of technology in learning, and student learning outcomes. In addition, it was found that visionary leadership support and adequate facilities are the main supporting factors for the success of HR development in competency-based schools. In conclusion, integrated and competency-oriented HR development not only strengthens school competitiveness but also supports the creation of a globally superior generation.

Artificial Intelligence in STEM education has gained attention because it has the potential to transform the learning and teaching process. The study aims to systematically analyze the application of AI technology in STEM education, focusing on the impact on student engagement, learning outcomes, and teaching methods. The study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with PRISMA guidance, Articles published in the last ten years, to ensure the selection process on the latest trends. The main findings show that AI-based tools, such as adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated assessment platforms, significantly enhance the personalized learning experience and encourage students' critical thinking skills in STEM learning. Challenges such as ethical considerations, data privacy issues, and the digital divide are still issues that need attention. Overall, the study shows that AI has a crucial role in STEM education in the future and recommends a strategic framework to overcome the challenges of AI implementation. The main findings of the article provide a basis for educators, policymakers, and researchers to develop and implement AI-based innovations effectively in STEM education.

Early childhood is a golden age, where the formation of behavior begins at that time, because it can influence subsequent growth and development. The implementation of education for all groups and pathways requires good management, especially the classroom environment in early childhood. The environment is very important for children to receive education which must be planned and utilized to be able to support the achievement of children's learning outcomes. An indoor environment is a learning environment that is in a room, such as in a classroom, and is provided by the school for students to study. The problem in this research is about implementing learning by structuring an indoor environment that supports problem solving abilities in early childhood. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe the analysis of problem solving management in the environment. This research was conducted at Al Kamal Kindergarten which is located on Jalan Tegal Sari Hamlet VI, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research results show that the problem-solving abilities of young children can be improved by arranging the indoor environment with the child's size as a standard, the room is neat, considering the traffic of people when planning a classroom, separating noisy rooms from quiet rooms, classrooms and outdoor areas must be clean, neat and pleasant, how to store learning materials and equipment, placing items that help teacher supervision and arranging the beauty of the classroom.

This literature study examines the influence of pedagogical competence on the learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in Indonesia. The teacher's effort in carrying out a task well, a teacher or lecturer must have high pedagogical competence in order to achieve educational goals. Teaching and learning process activities can be designed well if there are already educational goals, learning content, learning methods, learning media, and other educational elements, as well as a good relationship between students and teachers. This research applies literature by deciphering from various aligned academic sources. Research results show that teachers or educators really need pedagogical competence to develop student learning experience and streamline the learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

This literature study examines the influence of pedagogical competence on the learning outcomes of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in Indonesia. The teacher's effort in carrying out a task well, a teacher or lecturer must have high pedagogical competence in order to achieve educational goals. Teaching and learning process activities can be designed well if there are already educational goals, learning content, learning methods, learning media, and other educational elements, as well as a good relationship between students and teachers. This research applies literature by deciphering from various aligned academic sources. Research results show that teachers or educators really need pedagogical competence to develop student learning experience and streamline the learning process at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assistant teachers in the teaching and learning process at TK Negeri Pembina, Kota Tengah, Gorontalo City. The research focuses include: (1) identifying the challenges faced by assistant teachers in the learning process, (2) understanding how the learning process is conducted by assistant teachers, and (3) evaluating the outcomes achieved in the implementation of the learning process by assistant teachers.The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that assistant teachers play an active role in supporting classroom teachers, assisting and guiding children who require special attention. The tasks performed by assistant teachers reveal certain inconsistencies, such as assistant teachers taking on the role of classroom teachers. Despite challenges in managing students, asssistant teachers are able to contribute significantly to achieving learning objectives.

The research was conducted by providing training and enhancing the understanding of mathematical concepts among the fifth-grade students of SDN 2 Kembiritan. The goal is to improve the students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The methods used in this activity are direct practical methods and lecture methods. The instruments used were pre-tests and post-tests. Based on the service, it can be concluded that the use of the Fractional Clock media has proven to be able to improve the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN 2 Kembiritan, as evidenced by the learning outcomes after the use of the learning media meeting the established criteria, with 70% of students achieving scores above the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM).