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The authors of the article have chosen a company acting as an agent for a container shipping line because the company seeks to decrease its service failures and reduce the chaotic nature of its activities by systematizing them from a scientific point of view and refining its operations at the managerial level. Employees of the company are responsible for activities such as a search for customers, price offers, contacting clients, the conclusion of contracts, coordination of cargo transportation, document control, invoicing and payment control. Proper execution of these operations ensures the quality of services provided by the container line agent. The learning organization concept, situational management theory and total quality management theory are applicable to the management of the personnel activity process in the line. In terms of management functions, planning is more suitable for activities such as searching for customers, price offers, conclusion of contracts and invoicing; organizing is more required when searching for customers, contacting them and concluding contracts; leading is more suitable for activities such as contact with clients, conclusion of contracts and payment control; control is more required when contacting customers, coordinating cargo transportation, invoicing and controlling payment. A conceptual approach that theoretically reveals the principles and possibilities of the company’s activities in the container shipping line can serve as the basis for future empirical research to identify problems in its personnel activity management.

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is an effective strategy for sharpening children's intelligence in elementary schools. HOTS questions are designed to train students' critical, analytical, and creative thinking skills, enabling them to solve problems independently. This article discusses the basic concepts of HOTS questions, strategies for their implementation in learning, and their benefits in improving children's comprehension quality. Several effective strategies in HOTS-based learning include using challenging questions, problem-based learning, reflective discussions, and utilizing technology and interactive media. Additionally, this article identifies the challenges faced in implementing HOTS in elementary schools and solutions that educators can apply. With proper implementation, HOTS questions can help students develop higher-order thinking skills essential for facing future challenges.    

Good financial planning can create operational effectiveness in educational institutions. This article analyzes the importance of financial planning in school management, covering aspects such as the development of facilities and infrastructure, the improvement of student learning quality, and teacher welfare. The research method used is quantitative with a library research approach, where data is obtained from various scholarly articles and relevant books sourced from Google Scholar. The findings indicate that schools effectively apply for funding and evaluate fund utilization annually. Poor financial planning can disrupt school operations, leading to issues such as delayed teacher salaries, insufficient learning facilities, and other challenges. To achieve effective financial management, technological mastery is essential to ensure operations that are effective, efficient, and accountable.

This research aims to improve students' learning outcomes on biodiversity materials by applying inquiry learning strategies in class X-A SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This research was carried out in two cycles, each with three meetings. In the first cycle, the student's learning outcomes showed classical completeness only reached 50%, with an average score of 75.6. This is due to students' lack of active participation in passive learning. Based on the reflection results, improvements were made in the second cycle by emphasizing increasing students' activeness in asking, answering, and discussing. The results in the second cycle showed a significant improvement, with an average score of 86.6 and classical completeness reaching 90%. This improvement shows that inquiry learning strategies effectively improve student learning outcomes. Although two students had not achieved completeness, the remedial provided succeeded in helping them achieve results on par with other students. This research proves that inquiry-based learning can increase students' involvement in learning and improve their learning outcomes. Therefore, it is recommended that inquiry learning strategies be applied more widely in other classes to improve the quality of education.  

This research aims to identify various challenges in teaching Citizenship Education (PKn) in elementary schools and propose solutions to overcome common obstacles in the learning process. The study employs a literature review approach, analyzing various sources such as scholarly articles, journals, and relevant documents. Data collection methods include literature review, listening techniques, and note-taking. The findings indicate several issues in PKn learning at the elementary level, including: (1) teachers’ limited understanding of appropriate learning models aligned with 21st-century education demands, (2) insufficient use of instructional media tailored to students’ characteristics, (3) inadequate supporting facilities such as books and other learning resources, and (4) student learning difficulties influenced by both internal and external factors. This study concludes that implementing innovative learning models, integrating technology into the teaching and learning process, and adopting more flexible and interactive strategies are essential to enhancing the effectiveness of PKn instruction in elementary schools. Moreover, effective communication between teachers, students, and schools plays a crucial role in improving learning quality.

This study examines the effect of applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model on students' high-level thinking skills on ecosystem materials at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano. This study uses an experimental method with a quasi-experimental design involving two groups of students: the experimental class (X.2) taught using the PBL model, and the control class (X.4) taught using conventional learning methods. The number of students in each class is 30 people. Data is collected through pretest and posttest to measure students' high-level thinking abilities. The analysis showed that the experimental class's average posttest score was 83.67, while the control class was 79.50. The independent t-test showed that the t-count value (2.073) was greater than the t-table (1.671) with a significance value of 0.043, which was smaller than 0.05, indicating a significant difference between the two groups. Based on these results, it can be concluded that applying the PBL model has a positive and significant effect on improving students' high-level thinking skills. These findings are consistent with previous research showing that the PBL model effectively improves students' critical and analytical thinking skills. Therefore, applying PBL can be an effective alternative to improve the quality of learning, especially in developing students' high-level thinking skills.

The Career Guidance Socialization Program in Dusun 3 Pasirhalang, Langensari Village was conducted on Wednesday, February 12, 2025, involving students, teachers, and parents in the learning process. This initiative aims to enhance students' learning motivation and assist them in setting clear educational and career goals. The program provides career socialization and motivational sessions that introduce students to various professions and emphasize the importance of education in achieving a better future.The methods employed in this program include social intervention and Participatory Action Research (PAR), ensuring active participation from students, educators, and parents. Activities include career discussions, motivational speeches, workshops, and interactive sessions designed to increase students' awareness of career opportunities and the necessary steps to achieve their aspirations. Additionally, guidance counseling and religious recitation programs were integrated to strengthen students' character and instill positive values.The results of this initiative indicate a significant increase in student participation, improved awareness of educational and career goals, and enhanced parental involvement in supporting children's education. Many students showed greater enthusiasm in their studies, while parents expressed a better understanding of their role in guiding their children toward academic and professional success. Furthermore, the implementation of follow-up guidance sessions ensured the program's sustainability.Overall, this program has positively impacted the local community by improving educational quality and raising awareness of the importance of learning. By fostering a proactive mindset among students, it is hoped that they will be more motivated to pursue education with a clear vision for their future careers.

This study analyzes the management of facilities and infrastructure at SMP Negeri 35 Medan in an effort to improve education quality. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observations and interviews conducted at the school. Observations focus on assessing the condition of classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and supporting infrastructure, while interviews with key informants, including a science teacher and the vice principal for facilities, provide deeper insights into the management and challenges of school infrastructure. The findings indicate that although the school meets the minimum facility standards as stipulated in Government Regulation No. 19 of 2005, several challenges remain, including budget constraints, lack of facility maintenance by students, and limited human resources. To optimize facility usage, the school needs to implement strategies such as regular maintenance, budget optimization through external collaborations, enhancement of the digital inventory system, and strengthening Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Additionally, integrating technology in learning and increasing student awareness of facility maintenance are crucial solutions. By implementing these recommendations, facility and infrastructure management is expected to become more effective, creating a more comfortable and supportive learning environment for both students and educators.

This study aims to improve the singing skills of sixth grade students at State Elementary School 173632 through the national song "Indonesia Raya". application of vocal techniques. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a classroom action research (CAR) method approach which is carried out in several cycles, including the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that the systematic application of vocal techniques can improve the quality of students' singing. Diaphragm breathing exercises help students control their voices more stably, articulation techniques make song lyrics clearer, intonation exercises improve pitch accuracy, and expression techniques help students convey emotions in songs better. Data analysis shows an increase in the average singing skills of students from the category of sufficient to good after being given action. In addition, the results of observations show that the majority of students feel more confident and enjoy learning to sing with a vocal technique approach. Thus, this study can help improve students' vocal skills as well as knowledge for students and teachers as well as for readers.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers' work ethic in character building of students at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua, North Nias Regency. The work ethic possessed by a teacher not only affects the quality of learning, but also has a significant impact on the formation of students' character, in terms of discipline, responsibility, and integrity. PAK teachers have a strategic role in instilling moral and spiritual values ​​through role models and teachings applied in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to describe the work ethic of PAK teachers that contributes to the formation of students' character. The results of the study indicate that the work ethic of PAK teachers, which includes exemplary behavior, discipline, and commitment to the profession, has an impact on the formation of students' character at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua. Students who are equipped with the basic work ethic of teachers show an increase in attitudes of discipline, responsibility, and honesty. The conclusion in this study is that strengthening the capacity of PAK teachers in integrating work ethic in all aspects of learning is useful for supporting the formation of students' character.

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of daily journal assignments in improving elementary school students' writing skills. By using qualitative research methods through a library research approach, various literature and previous research results were studied comprehensively. The research results show that daily journal assignments have a significant positive impact on improving students' writing skills, which include linguistic aspects, idea development, writing coherence, and self-expression. This research also identified several supporting factors for the successful implementation of daily journals, such as consistency of assignments, clear guidelines, quality feedback, and support from the learning environment. The findings of this research provide practical implications for educators in developing effective writing learning strategies at the elementary school level.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

The improvement of educational facilities and infrastructure is a crucial factor in enhancing the quality of learning, especially in rural areas such as Sugarang Bayu Village. This study aims to analyze the condition of educational facilities and infrastructure in the village and identify the efforts that have been made and can be undertaken to improve them. The research employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that educational facilities in Sugarang Bayu Village remain limited, particularly in terms of classroom availability, laboratories, libraries, and access to educational technology. The primary challenges include budget constraints and limited support from policymakers. However, initiatives from the community and schools have emerged to address these issues, such as fundraising and collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organizations. Therefore, synergy between the government, the community, and the private sector is essential to ensure sustainable improvements in educational infrastructure. By enhancing educational facilities, the quality of learning and students' academic performance in Sugarang Bayu Village is expected to improve, ultimately fostering a more competitive human resource base.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in efforts to achieve educational equality for all children, including children with special needs. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions applied in the implementation of inclusive education in the region. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges in inclusive education include limited facilities that support the needs of children with disabilities, the lack of teachers with special competencies, and minimal public understanding of the importance of inclusive education. Additionally, the limitations in resources and the lack of training for educators are also significant barriers to providing quality education for all children. However, several solutions have been implemented to address these issues. These solutions include improving teacher training to ensure educators have sufficient skills and knowledge in handling children with special needs, providing more supportive facilities and infrastructure such as disability-friendly classrooms, and efforts to socialize the importance of inclusive education to the community to reduce stigma against children with special needs. This study emphasizes that collaboration between the government, schools, and the community is essential to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment for all children in North Sumatra.

The interaction between teachers and students plays a crucial role in creating an effective learning environment. Empathy-based communication is an approach that can enhance the quality of interaction by understanding students' emotional and academic needs. This study aims to analyze the role of empathetic communication in supporting the teaching process. A qualitative research approach was employed, with a case study conducted at SDN 060842 Sekip Medan. Data were collected through observations and interviews with homeroom teachers. The findings indicate that empathy-based communication can increase student participation, create a positive learning environment, and help teachers identify learning obstacles. However, the implementation of empathetic communication still faces challenges, such as teachers' workload and time constraints. Therefore, training and policies that support its implementation in schools are necessary. This study emphasizes that empathetic communication is not just a teaching strategy but also a means of building stronger and more harmonious relationships between teachers and students.

This study discusses the comparative implementation of the 2013 Curriculum (K13) and the Independent Curriculum in elementary education at UPT SD Negeri 060816. The main focus of this study is to analyze the differences in implementation, identify the challenges and advantages of each curriculum, and evaluate their impact on learning effectiveness. The research method used is observation and interviews with grade 4 and 6 teachers as the main respondents. The results of the study show that the 2013 Curriculum is more structured with complete learning materials, while the Independent Curriculum provides flexibility for teachers and students in the project-based learning process. However, there are significant challenges in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, including limited learning resources, demands for teacher creativity, minimal parental participation, and difficulties in project-based assessments. However, both curricula have their respective advantages in developing student competencies. This study is expected to contribute to understanding the effectiveness of both curricula at the elementary education level and become a reference for policy makers in improving the quality of learning in schools.

Elementary School Students' Misconceptions about Science Concepts: Case Study in Grade VI of SDN 024755 This study aims to identify and analyze the misconceptions held by sixth-grade students at SDN 024755 regarding basic science concepts. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and diagnostic tests specifically designed to reveal students' misconceptions. The results show that most students struggle with understanding certain science concepts, such as the water cycle, photosynthesis, and gravity. The misconceptions found include incorrect understandings of the processes of evaporation and condensation, the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis, and the concepts of force and motion. These findings highlight the need for more effective teaching approaches in introducing and reinforcing science concepts at the elementary school level. Recommendations from this study include developing more interactive and contextual learning strategies to address students' misconceptions, as well as improving the quality of teacher training in science education.

Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency. Because there are no schools in the area, children have to go to other villages to study, which has an impact on their physical condition, study time, and safety. Excessive use of electronic devices also has a negative impact on children's learning efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of education in the area and offer community-based solutions involving the government, community, and the use of technology. This study identifies various approaches to tutoring and research related to children's schools. The qualitative methods used are direct observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that community-based solutions can effectively and sustainably improve access to education. Through the Student Service Practice Lecture Program (KPPM), children's interest in education has increased, especially in mathematics and English. In addition, students' social interactions with children help them reduce their dependence on electronic devices and increase awareness of the importance of education. Further collaboration is needed between the government, community, and educational institutions to achieve long-term goals, such as further school construction, improving teacher quality, and monitoring the use of electronic devices to increase children's learning opportunities.