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Low public awareness of eye health and rational use of eye medications may increase the risk of eye disorders and infections. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of maintaining eye health and applying the DAGUSIBU principle (Get, Use, Store, and Dispose of medicines properly) in the use of eye drops. The activity was conducted at the Klinik Pratama Nusantara Kesehatan through interactive counseling, demonstrations of proper eye drop administration techniques, and education on the prevention of common eye disorders and the role of healthcare professionals. Pre-test and post-test evaluations showed a significant increase of approximately 35% in participants’ knowledge regarding eye hygiene and correct eye medication use. This educational program is expected to contribute to long-term improvements in rational eye medication use, reduce the risk of misuse, and serve as a model for sustainable eye health education in a primary healthcare settings.

HIV and AIDS remain a public health challenge, particularly among adolescents who are vulnerable to risky behaviors. A lack of proper understanding of HIV and AIDS, along with persistent stigma against people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), potentially increases the risk of transmission and hinders prevention efforts. This activity aimed to improve adolescents' knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV and AIDS prevention through health education. The activity was conducted at Al-Hasra High School in Bojongsari District, Depok City, involving 25 students as participants. The method used was interactive education accompanied by pre-test and post-test evaluation. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants' knowledge after the intervention, as reflected in both average scores and the proportion of students in the good knowledge category. These findings demonstrate the critical role of health education in improving adolescents' understanding of HIV and AIDS prevention. Therefore, similar education activities should be conducted continuously as promotive and preventive efforts to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from adolescence.

This study aims to determine the role of social comparison and body image on appearance anxiety in adolescent girls. Social pressure and media exposure with ideal beauty standards make adolescent girls vulnerable to engaging in social comparison and developing a negative body image, which triggers appearance anxiety. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design involving 107 adolescent girls aged 18–24 years through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a Google Forms questionnaire consisting of three instruments: the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale. Data analysis used Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that social comparison has a significant positive relationship with appearance anxiety (r = 0.544, p < 0.001), and negative body image is related to increasing appearance anxiety. The higher the tendency to engage in social comparison and the more negative the body image, the higher the appearance anxiety experienced. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding the psychological dynamics of appearance evaluation and strategies to strengthen positive body image in adolescent girls.

This study examines the management of Kediri Nite Carnival (KNC), an annual event organized by the Kediri City government to commemorate the city's anniversary and showcase local arts, culture, and tourism potential. This research uses qualitative methodology and employs literature analysis, observation, and documentation as case study methods. The Miles and Huberman interactive model is used to analyze the data. The Kediri City Tourism Office has implemented each stage of event management according to Goldblatt's concept: research, design, preparation, coordination, and evaluation. The focus of the research was to determine the objectives and target audience; the design highlighted the local cultural theme “Exotic Flower in Paradise”; planning included budget planning, scheduling, and promotional strategies through social media and collaboration with local media; coordination was carried out through task distribution and cross-team communication; and evaluation assessed the success of the event based on community feedback and its effects on tourism and the local economy. The research results show that KNC plays an important role in improving the public's perception of Kediri City as a creative and cultured city. However, efforts to increase the number of tourist visits in the long term still need to be made. It is hoped that these findings will help the local government develop a sustainable tourism communication plan.

This article examines the role of context and underlying assumptions in the formulation of econometric models for economic policy analysis. While econometric models are widely employed to support policy decisions, their construction is often treated as a purely technical process, overlooking the contextual factors that shape variable selection, model specification, and interpretation of results. This study explores how institutional settings, policy objectives, and behavioral considerations influence the assumptions embedded in econometric modeling. By drawing on policy documents, academic literature, and illustrative cases from applied economic research, the article highlights how implicit assumptions may affect the validity and relevance of econometric outcomes. The analysis emphasizes that econometric models are not value-neutral tools but are shaped by theoretical choices and contextual judgments made during their formulation. Understanding these dimensions is crucial to avoid misinterpretation of empirical findings and to enhance the usefulness of econometric analysis in policymaking. The study contributes to the methodological discussion in applied econometrics by encouraging greater transparency and reflexivity in model construction, particularly in the context of economic policy evaluation.      

This community service program is entitled Improving Microcontroller Competence of Students of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar through Arduino Training Based on Industrial Practice and is implemented as a follow-up to the school's official request to invite university practitioners as guest teachers in order to strengthen industry-based vocational learning. The activity was carried out on November 27, 2025 at the Computer Laboratory of SMK Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar involving 50 grade XI students, and guided by Andi Setiadi Manalu, S.Kom., M.Ti as the main instructor of Arduino material which focuses on the introduction of microcontrollers, basic programming, sensor integration, and simple automation project design. The purpose of this activity is to improve students' technical competence in the field of embedded systems while fostering work readiness through real-world practice-based learning experiences. The implementation method uses an experiential learning and project-based learning approach, which combines brief conceptual explanations with direct practice, technical discussions, and problem-based project assignment completion. The evaluation results show an increase in students' understanding of microcontroller functions, programming logic structures, and the ability to connect hardware and software in one work system. In addition, students demonstrated increased motivation, confidence, and interest in industrial technology, as reflected in their active participation during the practicum and their successful independent completion of functional prototypes. Overall, this activity proved effective in strengthening the technical competencies of vocational high school students and supporting the implementation of the link and match policy between vocational education and the needs of the industrial world, while also emphasizing the strategic role of higher education institutions in supporting the improvement of human resource quality at the vocational high school level.

The Hamlet Head Election is an important part of the practice of village democracy that demands transparent, accountable, and participatory implementation. However, in practice, various obstacles are still encountered, such as limited understanding of regulations by the committee, low democratic literacy of the community, and potential conflicts due to lack of information disclosure. This community service activity aims to accompany the implementation of the Hamlet Head Election in Wonokerto Village so that it runs transparently and accountably. The service methods used include socialization of hamlet head election regulations, technical assistance to the election committee, education to the community regarding the rights and obligations of voters, and monitoring and evaluation of the election implementation. The results of the activity show an increase in the committee's understanding of election procedures in accordance with the principles of village governance, increased community participation, and the implementation of more open and accountable election.Thus, this community service activity can have a positive impact on the implementation of more open and accountable elections, as well as creating a healthy and sustainable democratic climate at the village level.

The village is the lowest level of government that directly interacts with the community in providing and delivering public services. This requires the support of competent village officials, who are able to provide transparent and accountable services. Orderly and professional village administration is a crucial foundation for achieving good village governance. However, village administration issues remain a significant challenge that requires serious attention. This Community Service activity aims to improve the capacity of village officials in public service through administrative training in Rinbesihat Village, West Tasifeto District, Belu Regency. This community service activity involved university students and was implemented in several stages: initial coordination with the sub-district and village governments, problem mapping, activity implementation, and evaluation. The results of this community service activity were increased knowledge, which in turn improved the quality of village officials in village administration. With this training, it is hoped that village administration management can become more orderly, effective, and support the achievement of good and accountable village governance.

The biggest challenge faced by the community, especially vulnerable and poor groups, is the cost of managing chronic diseases. Even though there is national health insurance, non-medical costs, costs arising from self-medication, and limitations on certain benefits are still often obstacles that cause high out-of-pocket expenses for the community. The high costs of curative and rehabilitative care indicate that preventive and promotive efforts must be significantly improved, and one way to support the sustainability of these efforts is through a pre-emptive health financing scheme. Community service activities are carried out using a participatory approach so that community members are actively involved in the activities. The activities are carried out in three stages, that is preparation or needs identification, implementation and evaluation. The results of the activity show that the community's knowledge increased significantly because of the community service activity. Participants who took part in the activity also successfully designed a community-based financing scheme involving health savings, whereby each member makes agreed monthly contributions. This community service project demonstrates that community empowerment through the establishment of a pre-emptive financing scheme for chronic diseases can provide an effective, sustainable solution for improving public health.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of civil servant discipline enforcement based on Surabaya Mayor Regulation Number 44 of 2022 at Gubeng Subdistrict. The research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman within the Context–Mechanism–Outcome (CMO) framework. The findings indicate that the regulation has generally improved civil servant discipline, particularly in attendance, punctuality, administrative compliance, and public service quality. This improvement is supported by organizational context factors such as daily work culture, active leadership, and the integration of digital attendance systems. Key mechanisms driving compliance include layered supervision, persuasive coaching, and the gradual application of disciplinary sanctions. However, challenges remain, including high workloads and limited human resources, which require continuous guidance for certain employees. The study concludes that the effectiveness of civil servant discipline enforcement is largely shaped by the interaction between organizational context and policy implementation mechanisms.

PT Telering Distrindo is a telecommunications distribution and retail company whose operations rely heavily on information systems. As the business expands and transaction volumes increase, higher demands for system security and reliability require a strategic evaluation of information technology (IT) implementation to ensure alignment with business objectives. This study aims to analyze the condition of the IT infrastructure at PT Telering Distrindo and to formulate development strategies using the Ward & Peppard framework. The research methods include literature review, system observation, IT architecture analysis, and interviews with internal stakeholders. The results show that the company has implemented core systems such as aPOSPlus, aBusinessPlus, and the PPOB TR Reload application, which play an important role in supporting business operations. However, several weaknesses remain in system security, integration, and IT risk management. The SWOT analysis identifies strengths in access control and authentication mechanisms, opportunities to leverage security as a competitive advantage, and threats from cyberattacks and high dependency on IT infrastructure. The study concludes that the Ward & Peppard framework provides a comprehensive strategic perspective and serves as a foundation for developing a more structured, secure, and sustainable IT strategy to support business growth.

Network service disruptions are critical issues that can negatively affect public trust and corporate reputation in the telecommunications industry. As one of the largest telecommunication providers in Indonesia, PT Telkomsel faces significant challenges in managing public issues related to network disturbances. This study aims to analyze how the Public Relations division of PT Telkomsel manages issues in handling network service disruptions in Indonesia.This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing secondary data, including literature studies, official corporate communications, and media coverage related to network service disruptions. The findings indicate that PT Telkomsel’s Public Relations implements issue management through several systematic stages, namely issue identification, issue analysis, communication strategy formulation, message dissemination, and evaluation. The communication strategy emphasizes transparency, rapid response, and the use of digital media as the main channel to communicate with the public.Effective issue management enables the company to reduce negative public perceptions and maintain customer trust. This study confirms that strategic and proactive public relations communication plays an important role in managing network service disruption issues and protecting corporate reputation.

The waste problem in Karanglewas Village, Kutasari District, Purbalingga Regency, continues to increase alongside agricultural, trade, and MSME activities, while the management system remains conventional, without sorting, resulting in environmental pollution and limited landfill capacity. This community service program aims to implement the Integrated Independent Waste Sorting and Processing Tool (PLASMA-T) as an innovative solution that processes organic waste into compost and melts plastic waste into paving blocks that are useful and economical. The activities are carried out in stages, including problem identification, socialization, technical training, operational trials, evaluation of results, and the handover of the equipment to the Mitra Sejahtera TPS, with ongoing assistance so that the community can operate the equipment independently. The expected outcomes include a reduction in waste volume at the TPS, increased community awareness and skills in waste management, and the creation of new business opportunities through compost and paving block products. Thus, this program not only addresses environmental issues but also strengthens the village's circular economy and has the potential to serve as a model for other regions.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) producing bags play an important role in the regional economy, but still face problems in financial management, particularly cash flow planning. The main problem faced by SME partners producing bags in Cipamokolan Village, Rancasari District, Bandung City, is the lack of comprehensive cash flow planning, which has the potential to cause liquidity problems. This community service activity aims to improve the understanding and skills of bag SME  in preparing a simple cash budget and encouraging its sustainable implementation. The methods used include training and mentoring with stages of problem identification, material delivery, cash budget preparation practice, and evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' understanding of cash planning, their ability to prepare a simple cash budget, and their commitment to implementing a cash budget in their daily business financial management. This activity is expected to improve cash flow control and support the sustainability of bag SME businesses

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) play a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy, serving as key drivers of inclusive economic growth and major contributors to employment creation. Despite their importance, many UMKM operators continue to face significant challenges in financial management, particularly due to the absence of structured and systematic financial record-keeping practices. This condition is also evident among UMKM in Kuning Gading Village, Unit XVIII Kuamang Kuning, where most businesses are still managed in a traditional manner with inadequate bookkeeping systems. This community service program aims to enhance financial literacy and strengthen the capacity of UMKM actors to implement simple bookkeeping as a foundation for effective business financial management. The methods employed include needs assessment through field observation, educational and practical training sessions, hands-on mentoring, and evaluation using pre-test and post-test instruments. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ understanding and skills related to transaction recording, separation of business and personal finances, and preparation of simple cash flow statements. Evaluation outcomes show an increase in competency scores from an initial range of 20%–40% to 75%–85% after the training. Furthermore, the program fostered a positive shift in participants’ mindset toward more professional and accountable business management practices. Therefore, the implementation of simple bookkeeping is proven to be an effective initial strategy for strengthening MSME financial governance and supporting sustainable business development at the local level.

This community service activity aims to socialize the development of Human Resource (HR) competencies in the Fashion Design Department at SMK Al Ihsan to face the transformation of the fashion industry based on digital technology. The main challenge faced is the gap (mismatch) between the school curriculum, which still focuses on conventional production techniques, and the needs of an industry that is now digital and automated. The method used in this activity is a participatory and educational approach that includes four stages: needs observation, delivery of theoretical material (lecturing), focused group discussions (FGD) accompanied by application demonstrations, and evaluation. The results of the activity show an increase in participants' understanding of concepts such as eco-fashion, the creative economy, as well as the introduction of digital technologies like 3D design applications (CLO3D) and digital pattern making. Through the integration of four competency pillars hard skills, soft skills, digital skills, and entrepreneurial skills it is expected that graduate profiles can transform from operational seamstresses into competitive fashionpreneurs in the global market. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes that the Link and Match strategy and mastery of technological literacy are key to effectively reducing the skills gap of students in the Industry 4.0 era.

The readiness of graduates to face the world of work is a crucial challenge amidst the increasingly competitive job market. This community service activity aims to improve student job readiness through job readiness training and strengthening soft skills. The methods used include needs analysis, CV preparation training, job interview simulations, strengthening soft skills, and pre- and post-training evaluations. The results of the activity show a significant increase in students' understanding of the world of work, self-confidence, and readiness to face the recruitment process. This activity is expected to become a model of sustainable service in increasing the competitiveness of graduates, by providing relevant and applicable provisions to face the challenges of the ever-evolving world of work. Strengthening soft skills is also expected to be a determining factor in students' success when entering the world of work. The sustainability of this program is expected to have a long-term positive impact on the development of graduates' competencies in various fields of work. In the future, the sustainability of this program is expected to have a long-term positive impact on graduates' competencies, strengthen their position in the job market, and support the development of skills needed in various fields of work that continue to evolve.

Islamic character education has become a central focus of madrasah education; however, its planning is often implemented normatively without adequate managerial and evaluative mechanisms. This study aims to analyz ethe planning of Islamic character educationatMTs Persis 23 by examining the alignment betweent he madrasah’s strategic direction, curriculum, instructional practices, habituation programs, and character evaluation. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through document analysis, classroom and school observations, and in-depth interviews with the head of the madrasah, the vice principal for curriculum, and home room teachers. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The findings reveal that the madrasah has established a strong strategic foundation for character education through its vision, mission, and religious school culture, positioning character development as a core educational objective. Character values are integrated in to the Madrasah Operational Curriculum, lessonplans, and daily habituation activities functioning as a hidden curriculum. Nevertheless, the planning of character education remains weak at the operational level, particularly due to the absence of m easurable behavioral indicators, standar dizede valuation instruments, and systematic documentation of students’ character development. This study highlightsthe gap between normativ estrategic intentions and managerial implementation. It recommends the development of simple behavioral indicators, baselineand longitudinal character assessments, ands trengthenedpe dagogical supervision to ensure that character education planning is implemented systematically and sustainably.    

Cloud-native systems are essential for modern software development, offering enhanced scalability, flexibility, and resilience through cloud computing environments. However, ensuring the reliability and performance of these systems presents a challenge due to their dynamic and distributed nature. Traditional testing methods, such as unit and integration testing, while valuable for detecting individual component defects and interactions, are insufficient for predicting failure rates in complex, cloud-native applications. This study explores the effectiveness of various testing techniques and quality metrics in predicting failure rates within scalable cloud-native systems. A comparative experimental study was conducted using three primary testing techniques: unit testing, integration testing, and chaos testing. The results indicate that chaos testing, when combined with advanced quality metrics such as migration rate and mismigration rate, significantly outperforms traditional methods in predicting failure rates and evaluating system resilience. These findings suggest that chaos testing offers a more comprehensive evaluation, simulating real-world disruptions to test system behavior under stress, which is essential for cloud-native environments where high availability and fault tolerance are critical. The study also highlights the importance of integrating predictive quality metrics, which improve the accuracy of failure predictions and enhance system reliability. The study concludes that for cloud-native systems, a combination of advanced testing techniques and predictive metrics is essential for ensuring high availability, scalability, and reliability in dynamic environments. Future research should focus on refining predictive testing approaches, developing standardized frameworks, and empirically validating new testing methods to address the growing complexity of cloud-native systems.

The rapid development of digital technology highlights the importance of introducing computational thinking skills from an early age, including at the elementary school level. One effective approach to introducing basic programming concepts is through block-based coding learning media that are visual, interactive, and engaging. This community service activity aimed to improve elementary school students’ understanding and interest in basic coding through hands-on training using block-based coding media. The program was implemented with sixth-grade students at Yayasan Kemala Bhayangkari 1 Medan. The activity employed a hands-on training approach consisting of several stages, including an introduction to basic coding concepts, familiarization with the Blockly Games interface, and practical exercises involving puzzle and maze challenges designed to develop logical thinking, sequencing, and problem-solving skills. The evaluation was conducted through direct observation of student participation and assessment of students’ ability to complete the given challenges. The results demonstrated that the use of Blockly Games effectively increased students’ enthusiasm, active engagement, and understanding of basic programming logic. Students who initially perceived programming as difficult showed greater interest and confidence due to the colorful, visual block-based instructions that were easy to understand and enjoyable. This community service activity is expected to serve as an effective introductory model for coding education and to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students.