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The epistemology of Islamic theology (kalam) explores the nature, sources, methods, and validity of knowledge within an Islamic framework, balancing reason and revelation. In kalam thought, rationalism with deductive-metaphysical logic dominates, though revelation remains the primary foundation. The debate between the Mu'tazilite school, emphasizing reason, and the Ash'arite school, prioritizing revelation, highlights its epistemological dynamics. However, reliance on bayani reasoning, centered on textual authority, often restricts critique and renewal. Additionally, Islamic theology struggles with limited engagement with empirical reality due to insufficient application of the correspondence theory, which evaluates truth based on factual evidence. The deductive approach of the coherence theory often falls short in addressing contemporary issues, prompting some thinkers to adopt intuitive, Sufistic methods. Criticism of this stagnation has spurred calls for reformulating Islamic theology to address globalization and modernity. To remain relevant, Islamic theology must develop a more contextual and holistic methodology, integrating deductive, inductive, and empirical approaches. By fostering critical analysis and practical solutions, it can continue to serve as a vital tool for developing adaptive and relevant Islamic thought in every era.

The problem raised in this study is the renewal of the Islamic education system in Islamic boarding schools as an impact of modernization. Modernization not only brings positive but also negative impacts. Islamic boarding schools that were originally traditional salaf developed to overhaul their education system to meet the challenges of the times so that Islamic boarding schools emerged with khalaf or combined systems. This study aims to describe: 1) the concept of Islamic education in the Al-MuqriAssalafi Lil BanatIslamic boarding school and 2) the challenges faced by the Al-MuqriAssalafi Lil BanatPrenduan Islamic boarding school in facing the era of modernization. This researcher uses a qualitative research approach with a field research type. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses interactive data analysis consisting of data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions/verification. Data validity checking is carried out using 4 criteria, namely credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results of the study indicate that: the concept of Islamic education in the Al-MuqriAssalafi Lil BanatPrenduan Islamic boarding school is still traditional with a 1 x 24 hour education system with Batshul Masail extracurricular activities. The challenge of Islamic education in the Al-MuqriAssalafi Lil BanatPrenduan Islamic boarding school lies in the characteristics of the students who are increasingly experiencing a decline

This article aims to explain the concept of modern Islamic education according to Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim who is known as a pesantren reformer. This study uses library research methods. The results to be obtained in this study are the importance of Wahid Hasyim's ideas and thoughts in the world of Islamic boarding schools. He is the one who brings renewal in the pesantren. His goal is to make the students have prowess in the fields of religion, academics and skills. Islamic boarding schools are educational institutions capable of providing comprehensive knowledge. Religious knowledge, general knowledge of language and skills in all fields.

This study examines the period of Islamic education reform in India during the 19th to early 20th centuries, focusing on educational transformation, religious thought renewal, and socio-political impacts. Employing qualitative research with a library research approach, the study analyzes primary and secondary sources to gain comprehensive insights. The findings reveal that educational transformation, through integrating modern curricula with Islamic values and revitalizing traditional madrasahs, played a pivotal role in addressing the challenges of modernity. Religious thought reform, via ijtihad and reinterpretation of religious texts, facilitated a dialogue between Islamic traditions and modernity. The socio-political impacts included the emergence of an educated Muslim middle class, women's empowerment, and increased political engagement of the Muslim community. This research concludes that this historical experience provides valuable lessons for contemporary Islamic reform efforts, particularly in harmonizing Islamic values with modern demands.

The purpose of this study is to understand Romans 12:-2 from a hermeneutic point of view, especially in relation to the concept of "renewal of the mind" as the key to spiritual transformation in the Christian life. Paul emphasizes the importance of a profound inner change in order to be in harmony with God's will, which is not only a change in behavior, but also a change in mindset influenced by God's Word. Paul's letter to the church in Rome, written to the church in Rome, teaches about salvation through faith and the relationship between the Law and faith in Christ. In Romans 12:2, Paul exhorts believers not to follow worldly values, but to have experiences that renew their minds so that they understand God's will. This hermeneutic interpretation suggests that the renewal of the mind leads believers to live differently from the norms of the world, which affects all aspects of daily life, including relationships with others. However, challenges arise from cultural influences, world customs, and personal weaknesses that hinder change. The results of this study show that the transformation of the heart and mind that Paul teaches is an ongoing spiritual journey that requires dedication, discipline, and patience. This change enables believers to live according to God's good, pleasing and perfect will and bear witness to the world in the truth.

Land issues in Indonesia show complex dynamics due to legal vacuum and legal loopholes in the applicable land law system. This condition is exacerbated by the weakness of implementing regulations of the UUPA which are unable to respond to developments in the era, thus opening up space for land mafia practices and overlapping development policies. This legal vacuum impacts violations of community rights to land, environmental degradation, and the failure to realize optimal legal protection. The study uses a normative legal approach based on secondary data from literature studies to analyze the urgent need for land law reform. The findings reveal the need for the land law system renewal to create stronger protection of community rights and ensure a sustainable development direction by environmental conditions.

The church tradition in Germany not only includes liturgical and theological aspects, but also serves as an important foundation for the cultural and moral identity of German society. The differences of views and clashes between church denominations and political forces have opened up space for a deeper understanding of the meaning of tolerance, reconciliation, and fidelity to the values of faith. On the other hand, the renewal of the German church reflects an effort to remain relevant in the face of the challenges of the times, such as secularism, religious pluralism, and moral crises, including through theological and liturgical reforms. This article aims to explore how the history of the church in Germany, with all its traditions, conflicts, and renewals, can be an inspiration for Christians today. The research was carried out using qualitative methods and historical approaches, using literature studies that include analysis of primary sources such as historical records, and writings of church figures, as well as secondary sources in the form of books, journals, and scientific articles. By understanding this historical journey, believers can learn about the importance of maintaining faith in the midst of changing times, strengthening unity in diversity, and reviving the spirit of spiritual renewal that is relevant to strengthen faith in today's life.

Fundamentalism is one of the schools of thought that does not want to accept change in the sense that they oppose renewal. So, they carefully emphasize that the announcement of the prophethood of Muhammad SAW is not something new, but only continues the series of prophets and apostles who preceded him. Meanwhile, radicalism is a group that is often viewed by the West as a terrorist who aims to weaken political authority through jihad. This means that these radical religious movements make jihad one of the methods to achieve their ideals, namely the Islamic system (al-nizām al-Islāmi). In addition, radicals are considered narrow- minded, overly enthusiastic (ultra zeolous), or want to achieve their goals by using violent means. Therefore, it is understandable why most Muslim scholars view radicalism as an unfavorable term and cause misunderstanding. This view is also found in orientalists and Western scholars who understand Islam.

This research uses a literature study, a descriptive qualitative research type, a literature review describing the function of digital technology-based learning educational innovation. Research uses written sources such as articles, journals and relevant documents. The literature study focuses on the function or role of educational innovation, educational digital technology, and the use of educational technology. The study results show innovation in the process of renewal and change. Innovation is very necessary in the world of education so that it continues to develop. The use of technology has positive and negative impacts. The impact generated is focused on positive things and minimizes negative impacts if there is good cooperation from various parties so that the use of technology meets its objectives. The function of educational innovation in digital technology-based learning is very important. So that the use of digital technology can be carried out optimally and comprehensively, good innovation needed.

The background of this study is the increasingly rapid social, cultural, and technological changes that have an impact on the dynamics of morality in society. In the midst of these changes, aqidah (belief) and ethics become important foundations in building solid morality. However, the main challenge faced is how to maintain the relevance of the teachings of aqidah and ethics in the context of modern life that continues to develop. This study aims to analyze the role of aqidah and ethics in shaping individual and collective morality amidst changing times. The main objective is to understand how religious beliefs and ethical principles can be applied effectively in maintaining moral integrity amidst the rapid flow of global change. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with analysis carried out by looking at the relationship between the values of aqidah, ethics, and morality in everyday life. The results of the study show that aqidah and ethics have an important role in shaping resilient morality amidst change. A deep understanding of aqidah and the application of ethical principles have proven to be a foundation for society to maintain positive moral values. However, the results also show that adaptation and renewal in the approach to teaching aqidah and ethics are needed to be more relevant and accepted by the younger generation living in the digital era.

The background of this study is the increasingly rapid social, cultural, and technological changes that have an impact on the dynamics of morality in society. In the midst of these changes, aqidah (belief) and ethics become important foundations in building solid morality. However, the main challenge faced is how to maintain the relevance of the teachings of aqidah and ethics in the context of modern life that continues to develop. This study aims to analyze the role of aqidah and ethics in shaping individual and collective morality amidst changing times. The main objective is to understand how religious beliefs and ethical principles can be applied effectively in maintaining moral integrity amidst the rapid flow of global change. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with analysis carried out by looking at the relationship between the values of aqidah, ethics, and morality in everyday life. The results of the study show that aqidah and ethics have an important role in shaping resilient morality amidst change. A deep understanding of aqidah and the application of ethical principles have proven to be a foundation for society to maintain positive moral values. However, the results also show that adaptation and renewal in the approach to teaching aqidah and ethics are needed to be more relevant and accepted by the younger generation living in the digital era.

PT. Pelayaran Cahaya Papua Dumai Branch is one of the companies operating as a Shipping Agency (ship agency) which provides domestic and international services. PT. Pelayaran Cahaya Papua also provides ship services such as ship needs (reflagging, fresh water, bunker), and also provides services for processing ship certificates that are entering their expiry date. The discussion presented in this paper is the Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate (SSCEC) Certificate Extension Procedure at the Class I Port Health Office (KKP) by PT. Dumai branch of the Papua Light Cruise. In the Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate (SSCEC) Certificate Extension Procedure, the company deals directly with relevant agencies, both government and private (companies). By having a good relationship with the shipowner (ship owner) who has been given the authority to make a Letter of Appointment (LOA) agreement to agent their ships, the Company can more freely convey information regarding ship certificates because information regarding ship certificates has a very important role in managing the arrival and departure of ships. To obtain data, the author used 2 (two) types of observation methods in collecting data, namely direct observation of field study and library study. Thus the author can conclude that the procedure for extending the Ship Sanitation Control Exemption Certificate (SSCEC) at the Class I Port Health Office (KKP) has been running smoothly.

The role of Muhammadiyah as a modernist Islamic movement in Indonesia with a focus on two main characters, namely tajdid (renewal) and tarjih (legal selection). Tajdid is the basis of the movement to respond to the challenges of the times without leaving the authentic teachings of Islam, while tarjih functions as a methodological guideline in making legal decisions based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. By combining tajdid and tarjih, Muhammadiyah seeks to actualize Islam in a dynamic socio-community context and make a significant contribution to national development. The purpose of this study is to reveal Muhammadiyah as an Islamic Movement with Tajrid and Tajdid Characters. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method, by using books, magazines, articles and other sources both offline an online as the main data sources in addition to interviewing Muhammadiyah figures around. The results of this study indicate that Muhammadiyah often describes this organization as an Islamic movement that has tajrid (purification) and tajdid (renewal) characters. Muhammadiyah was founded by KH. Ahmad Dahlan in 1912 with the aim of returning Islamic teachings to their original sources, namely the Qur'an and Sunnah

Muhammadiyah is one of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia which was founded by K.H.Ahmad Dahlan in 1912 in Yogyakarta. This organization plays an important role in the renewal of religious thought and practice as well as in various aspects of social life in Indonesia. The history of Muhammadiyah covers a long journey from its founding to its role in social reform in Indonesia, making it an important subject to study. The aim of this research is to examine the history of Muhammadiyah from its initial founding to its contribution to social reform in Indonesia. By understanding the history and role of Muhammadiyah, it is hoped that it can provide deeper insight into the contribution of this organization to social reform and change in Indonesia. Method This research uses historical methods with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through literature studies which included books, journals, articles and documents related to Muhammadiyah. The research results show that since its inception, Muhammadiyah has focused on education and health reform, which then developed into a broader social reform movement. Apart from that, Muhammadiyah also plays an important role in advocating social and political issues related to justice and equality. Muhammadiyah's role in social reform includes various initiatives in education, health, and social welfare that continue to this day. Conclusion Muhammadiyah has shown a significant role in Indonesian history, not only as a religious organization but also as an agent of social change. Muhammadiyah's contribution to social reform has had a broad positive impact on Indonesian society, making it one of the important pillars in the history of social reform in Indonesia.

Educational institutions play a vital role in shaping human resources and adapting to rapid changes. To address globalization and technological challenges, they must implement effective and sustainable reforms, with strategic leadership as a key driver. This study examines the role of strategic leadership in designing and implementing renewal models in educational institutions. It identifies factors influencing success and offers recommendations for effective practices. Strategic leadership is crucial in enhancing educational quality and system effectiveness. Leaders act as internal change agents, develop innovative strategies, and coordinate resources to achieve reform goals. Using library research methods, this study reviews literature, including books, journal articles, and research reports on strategic leadership and educational reform. Data analysis involves identifying themes, theories, and best practices. Findings reveal that strategic leaders function as visionaries, motivators, facilitators, and resource managers. Their effectiveness depends on clear strategy formulation, consensus-building, and resistance management. Support from stakeholders, effective communication, and community involvement are pivotal for successful reform implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of strategic leadership in fostering transformative changes within educational institutions.

The case of alleged violation of company secrets of PT Chiyoda Kogyo Indonesia, involving PT Maruka Indonesia, Hiroo Yoshida, and PT Unique Solutions Indonesia, who allegedly conspired to obtain confidential information in accordance with Article 23 of Law No. 5 Year 1999. This alleged violation caused potential financial losses of up to Rp 63 billion for PT Chiyoda Kogyo Indonesia and threatened its reputation. The protection of company secrets is crucial in maintaining a competitive advantage in an innovation-laden industry. This research explores the legal aspects and business impact of leaking sensitive information, focusing on the Trade Secrets Act (UURD) and the Antimonopoly Act, and its implications for fair business competition. The analysis is conducted through a normative legal approach, assessing the relevance of contract and property rights theories in the context of trade secret protection. In addition, it is recommended that companies implement stricter information security strategies, such as Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) contracts and confidentiality agreement renewals, to prevent future leaks.

Literature is an inseparable part of the surrounding reality, presented in the form of fiction. Women are consistently included as objects that provide a unique symbol in conveying its implied messages. Similarly, within the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) environment, women possess their own distinct culture that conforms to the habits that bind them. This portrayal is depicted in the literary work, the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The pesantren woman is described concerning her tendencies in pesantren life and her role as the successor in the leadership relay within it. This research aims to describe (a) the portrayal of the pesantren woman's culture in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, and (b) the implication of the pesantren woman's leadership on the development of the pesantren in the novel Hati Suhita by Ning Khilma Anis. The approach in this study uses a qualitative methodology. The data source for this research is the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The data in this study consist of findings relevant to the problem focus within the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis. The data collection technique used is literature study The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained are: The pesantren woman described in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis is portrayed with the attitudes of obedience and humility as the defining characteristics of a santri (pesantren student). The novel Hati Suhita lays out the implication of her leadership, which brings advancement and renewal to her in-laws' pesantren.

The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the new creation in the reading of 2 Corinthians 5:17 through the understanding of the BNKP Tobasa congregation and how they interpret the spiritual change in their daily lives. The method used in this study is the reader response criticism method, which emphasizes the active role of the reader or congregation in shaping the understanding of the Bible text. This study involved eight members of the BNKP Tobasa Balige congregation as informants, consisting of various backgrounds and ages. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews to explore how each individual interprets the concept of the new creation as a change that includes the renewal of the heart, mindset, and attitude of life guided by the Holy Spirit. They view the new creation as a process of transformation that brings someone out of an old life full of sin to a new life in Christ. However, even though there is a good theological understanding, it was also found that there is still a gap between understanding and application in daily life. Some congregations have not fully displayed the character and behavior that reflect life as a new creation both in relationships between fellow congregations and in their attitudes towards life of faith. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing formation in the congregation, especially to deepen their understanding of the meaning of the new creation and how it should be realized in real action.

Textile waste is one of the 2nd largest types of waste in the world. The increasing amount of textile waste will have an impact on the environment. There has not been much development of clothing with Zero Waste techniques in Indonesia, and students as social beings also play an important role in environmental renewal through waste reduction. The purpose of this research is to understand the level of knowledge of fashion students about Zero Waste Pattern based on the level of cognitive knowledge, namely knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The method in this research is descriptive quantitative with one variable, namely knowledge about Zero Waste Pattern. The research sample was 78 respondents of active Fashion Cosmetology students of the Family Welfare Education Study Program at Padang State University, class of 2019-2022. Data collection using a questionnaire with the Gutman Scale. The results showed that the knowledge of fashion students about Zero Waste Pattern was measured based on six knowledge indicators, namely: knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The results showed that the Knowledge Indicator percentage was 56.41%, the Understanding Indicator percentage was 62.82% (high category), the Application Indicator percentage was 64.10%, the Analysis Indicator percentage was 57.69%, the Synthesis Indicator percentage was 80.77% and the Evaluation Indicator percentage was 74.36%. So, it can be concluded that the Fashion Management Students' Knowledge of Zero Waste Pattern is at a “high” level with an average percentage of 79.49%.

The renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) through the Draft Law (RUU) KUHAP opens up space for in-depth philosophical reflection on the relationship between law, justice, and humanity. This article examines the challenges of harmonizing the principle of due process of law, which emphasizes respect for individual rights in every legal process, with the criminal justice system, which is oriented towards efficiency and the purpose of punishment. This harmony is not only a technical and normative matter, but also a matter of shared understanding of what is meant by justice in the context of a more humane and human rights-based criminal justice system. Using a philosophical legal perspective, this article explores the potential for conflict and convergence between the two principles, and seeks common ground within the framework of Pancasila legal values ​​and Islamic law that prioritize humanity, substantive justice, and a balance between individual rights and the public interest. The renewal of the RUU KUHAP, in this context, is not merely a structural change, but a journey towards a legal system that guarantees the depth of justice, which is not only seen from a procedural perspective, but also from the moral and social essence of the law itself.