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This study investigates the impact of Thai students' first language (L1) on their English pronunciation within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) at Bakong Pitthaya School in Thailand. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method design on a case study with Contrastive Analysis Theory on English pronunciation. Recorded interviews and pronunciation testing were the main techniques of data collection instruments. The subjects of this research were secondary grade students of Bakong Pitthaya School Pattani, Thailand. The results of this study aimed to provide actionable recommendations for the teachers to enhance pronunciation instruction and improve student pronunciation skill. This research contributes to the understanding of L1 influence on L2 pronunciation, offering insights that can inform teaching practices in similar EFL contexts.

This study aims to examine the implementation of digital educational games to enhance the understanding of fraction concepts among fifth-grade elementary school students. The background of this research lies in the low mastery of fraction material and the lack of student engagement due to conventional teaching approaches. The research used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects were divided into an experimental group, which received digital educational game-based learning, and a control group, which was taught using traditional lectures and practice questions. The results showed a significant improvement in the understanding of fractions in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings indicate that digital educational games can enhance motivation, engagement, and the effectiveness of mathematics learning. This research recommends the integration of interactive digital media as an innovative strategy for teaching mathematics in elementary schools.

This study aims to explore in depth the implementation of the Geret Sapu tradition in Jambuwok Village, including an analysis of its lexical and cultural meanings, as well as its relevance to the teaching of Indonesian Language and Literature at the senior high school level. The research focuses on the traditional practices of the Jambuwok Village community, located in Mojokerto Regency, using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation and interview techniques, with local residents serving as the research subjects. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the Geret Sapu tradition consists of two main stages: preparation and implementation. The ritual involves six symbolic objects, namely: a broomstick, water jug (kendi), mat, pillow, bolster, and soil. Semantic analysis was conducted through the interpretation of lexical and cultural meanings. These findings indicate that the cultural values embedded in the Geret Sapu tradition can be integrated into Indonesian Language and Literature learning as contextual material grounded in local culture.

Solo Putri bridal makeup is a type of traditional makeup that requires precision, patience, and high technical skills. The level of student interest in learning reflects the extent of their interest and seriousness in understanding a learning material. This study aims to examine the influence of learning interest on the results of Solo Putri bridal makeup practice among students in the AKS Ibu Kartini Semarang Makeup Design Program, using a quantitative approach through simple linear regression. The research subjects consisted of 30 students, and the instruments used included a learning interest questionnaire and a practice results assessment sheet. Data were analyzed using normality, linearity, and simple linear regression tests. The analysis results showed a positive and significant correlation between learning interest and students' practical results. The correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.794 and the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.630 indicate that learning interest has a significant contribution to the success of bridal makeup practice. The higher the learning interest of students, the higher the quality of practice results achieved. Therefore, learning interest is an important aspect that requires attention in practical learning. Effective learning strategies such as contextual approaches, project-based learning, and the provision of adequate practical facilities need to be implemented.

Drugs are an abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropics, and hazardous materials. Narcotics are addictive substances or materials that work on the nervous system, can cause loss of consciousness and pain, and can cause dependence. Psychotropics are substances or active materials that work on the central nervous system, can cause changes in mental activity and behavior, and can cause dependence. To deal with this problem, one of them is through the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Center Foundation (Sahabat Foundation) South Tangerang, Banten which provides treatment to develop psychological strength called resilience through spiritual guidance. Through spiritual guidance, it is hoped that it will be able to form the resilience of drug abuse students so that they are able to bounce back from various pressures and face the next life with a better perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine how spiritual guidance activities in forming the resilience of drug abuse students at the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Foundation (Sahabat Foundation). The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive type. The subjects in this study consisted of 1 Foundation administrator, 1 spiritual guide, and 3 beneficiaries (PM) of drug abuse. Through interviews and observations, it is known that spiritual guidance activities at the Sakinah Harakah Bhakti Foundation (Sahabat Foundation) are muhasabah, sirah nabawiyah, theory and practice of worship, and thematic interpretation.

Corporations as legal entities have become an integral part of the national economic system. However, behind its contribution to economic growth, not a few corporations are involved in economic crimes such as corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, to monopoly and cartel practices. These corporate crimes have a broad and systemic impact, not only harming the state from a financial perspective, but also damaging a healthy economic order and creating social injustice. In the context of Indonesian criminal law, the implementation of accountability for corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts still faces various challenges, both in terms of regulations, technical law enforcement, and understanding of law enforcement officials. This research aims to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of criminal liability against corporations in cases of national economic crimes as well as identify relevant obstacles and solutions. The method used is a normative juridical approach by examining various laws and regulations, jurisprudence case studies, and related scientific literature. The results show that although the recognition of corporations as subjects of criminal law has been contained in several sectoral laws, its implementation is still partial and has not touched the root of the problem, especially in proving structural corporate guilt. Therefore, there is a need for regulatory reform, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement institutions, and integrating a multidisciplinary approach in dealing with corporate crime. By strengthening criminal accountability towards corporations, it is hoped that the Indonesian criminal law system will be able to provide a deterrent effect while maintaining national economic integrity.

Learning strategies are a series of instructional actions that teachers must carry out in order for learning objectives to be achieved efficiently. The learning strategies used in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon include direct learning strategies, indirect learning strategies, and inquiry-based learning strategies, using demonstration, imitation, and drill methods . This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The object of the research is the learning strategies employed in choir extracurricular activities, with the research subjects being the extracurricular teachers and students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. Data validation is carried out using source triangulation and technique triangulation. Data analysis is conducted through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results of the study show that the implementation of learning strategies in the choir extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Sewon uses demonstration, imitation, and drill methods in a structured and effective manner. These methods are combined with direct, indirect, and inquiry-based learning strategies to enhance students' vocal skills and creativity. The impact of implementing these strategies is an improvement in singing ability, the development of self-confidence, creativity, and independence, as well as increased student motivation to actively participate in choir activities. The teacher acts as a facilitator who creates a space for independent and collaborative learning, making the learning process more enjoyable. This activity not only develops musical skills but also builds students' confidence and professionalism in various performance opportunities. With regular practice schedules and relevant song material, this extracurricular activity makes a positive contribution to the development of students' talents and character at school.

Tarakan City as an archipelago with high maritime activity has a significant risk of water accidents, yet students' swimming skills are still low. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the context of swimming learning in the PJOK curriculum, (2) assess input readiness (teachers, facilities, costs), (3) analyze the learning implementation process, and (4) measure learning outcomes related to student skills and safety. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) evaluation model. Data sources include principals (4 people), physical education teachers (4 people), and students (16 people) from four junior high schools in Tarakan City. The research instruments were semi-structured interview guidelines, observation sheets, and curriculum document analysis. Data collection techniques were conducted through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The data were analyzed qualitatively using cost and benefit analysis techniques to identify the suitability of the program to the needs. The results show that the context of swimming learning is in accordance with the curriculum, but the swimming pool facilities depend on public facilities with limited access. The learning process is in accordance with the lesson plan, but the practice time (2 times/semester) is not sufficient to master the skills. Product evaluation results indicated a good understanding of water safety theory, but low practical swimming skills. Recommendations: (1) Increased frequency of swimming practice, (2) collaboration with local government for the provision of school swimming pools, and (3) teacher training in adaptive teaching methods for beginner students.

Integrated assessment is a multidisciplinary approach used in the judicial system to evaluate the psychological, social and medical conditions of legal subjects, particularly in cases involving children, victims of violence, persons with mental disabilities or defendants with psychological disorders. This study aims to examine the evidentiary strength of integrated assessment from juridical and psychological perspectives using a normative juridical approach. The findings reveal that although integrated assessments are recognized in legal practice, their status as admissible evidence is not yet explicitly regulated in criminal procedural law. From a psychological perspective, such assessments possess high scientific value and can provide an objective overview of the subject’s condition. However, limited understanding among legal practitioners regarding the interpretation of assessment results remains a major challenge. Therefore, regulatory harmonization and cross-sectoral capacity building are needed to optimize the function of integrated assessments in court proceedings.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to develop interactive learning media based on PowerPoint in Indonesian language learning at MI Salafiyah 1 Kauman. The background of this study is the lack of interactive and interesting learning media in elementary schools, especially in Indonesian language subjects. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the development of the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model. The media developed contains learning materials, animations, practice questions, and automatic feedback to increase student participation and understanding. The results of the validation test by media experts and material experts show that this media is very suitable for use in learning. Limited trials conducted on students showed an increase in interest, active involvement, and student learning outcomes after using the media. In addition, students feel more motivated and find it easier to understand the material because of the attractive and interactive visual display. Thus, this interactive learning media based on PowerPoint can be an alternative to support a more interesting, enjoyable, and effective learning process in the classroom, especially for elementary school level.

This study aims to determine the effect of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational School, Nunukan Regency. This study uses a descriptive verification research design with a survey approach that has been implemented at the Accounting Vocational School of Nunukan Regency. The subjects in this study were students of class XII Accounting in 3 vocational schools in Nunukan Regency, namely SMKN 1 Nunukan, SMKN 1 Sebatik Barat and SMKN 1 Tulin Onsoi, consisting of 100 female students and 37 male students. The objects of this study are self-efficacy, field work practices, motivation to enter the world of work and work readiness of vocational school students. The data collected through the questionnaire were then processed/analyzed. To test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational High Schools in Nunukan Regency, which is indicated by the results of the multiple linear regression test obtained a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.618 which is included in the category of a strong relationship level with a determination level of 0.382 or in other words, the work readiness variable of vocational high school students is influenced by self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work by 38.2% with Fcount> Ftable or 26.691> 3.940, then H0 is rejected and accepts H1 which states that there is an influence of self-efficacy, field work practice and motivation to enter the world of work on the work readiness of students of Accounting Vocational High Schools throughout Nunukan Regency.

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

 This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency. Qualitative setting field research takes the object of the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah, located in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency for two months from March to April 2025, with research subjects including the congregation of the sect, community leaders, and religious leaders. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the Tarjumah teachings are a legacy of K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i's thoughts which emphasize three main principles in Islamic education, namely the formation of strong faith, the development of noble morals (akhlaqul karimah), and the practice of Islamic law as a whole (kaffah). This concept not only emphasizes theoretical or cognitive aspects, but also focuses on the formation of real character and behavior in accordance with Islamic values ​​in everyday life. The implementation of Islamic education in this teaching is carried out through various religious activities that are integrated with community life, such as regular religious studies in mosques, prayer rooms, or residents' homes, with the main material in the form of Javanese tarjumah books containing Islamic teachings in the form of nadham, including aqidah, worship, muamalah, and manners. In addition, the implementation of congregational worship such as the five daily prayers, dhuha prayers, and dhikr activities, are also effective educational media. This fact shows the harmony between teaching, habituation, and exemplary behavior, where Islamic values ​​are not only taught, but are manifested in social interactions in society through joint religious activities, traditions of mutual assistance, concern for the environment, and efforts to maintain social harmony. Thus, Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam’iyah Rifa’iyah has proven to be able to form a society that is religious, has character, and consistently practices Islamic teachings in everyday life. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more widely the comparative implementation of tarjumah teachings in other regions and its impact on positive social change in more depth.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) method in improving the fluent reading skills of second-grade elementary students. The research subjects consisted of five second-grade students who were at reading level 2. The ORF method was implemented through repeated reading, guided oral reading, and timed reading practices to enhance speed, accuracy, and expression. Data was collected through pre- and post-tests, observations, and recorded reading sessions. The results indicated significant improvements in the students' reading fluency, including increased reading speed, better word recognition, and improved comprehension. This study contributes to the understanding of literacy development in early education and highlights the importance of structured oral reading practices in enhancing reading fluency among elementary students.

This study aims to describe the effect of implementing Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) on improving Physical Education (PJOK) learning outcomes for students. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a design model based on Kurt Lewin's opinion, which consists of four stages: Planning, Acting, Observing, and Reflecting. The research subjects were 40 seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the 2024/2025 academic year. The data collection instrument used in this study was a learning outcome test on the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material. This research was conducted over two cycles, each consisting of two meetings and one assessment, which consisted of four stages: planning, action, reflection, and evaluation, from late April to mid-May 2025. Data were analyzed at each cycle, and percentage analysis was performed. The learning outcomes in the first cycle showed that 54% of students achieved mastery, with an average score of 73.19. An improvement was seen in the second cycle, with 80% of students achieving mastery, with an average score of 80.11. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the implementation of Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) can improve the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students of SMP Labschool Unesa 3 in the Indonesian Children's Gymnastics Practice Material.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient services at Dumai City Regional General Hospital (RSUD) as an important part of the provision of health services to the community. Public service standards are needed to ensure service quality, efficiency, transparency, and public satisfaction as service users. However, in practice, various problems are still found, particularly related to the timeliness of service, clarity of service costs, and the availability of supporting facilities and infrastructure. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with research subjects including hospital management, inpatient service staff, and community service users. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of the implementation of public service standards. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis methods through the stages of data transcription, coding, theme identification, theme grouping, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that the overall implementation of Public Service Standards in inpatient care at Dumai City Regional General Hospital is in the good category. Indicators of service procedures, service products, and the competence of service providers have been implemented quite optimally, characterized by clear procedures, services that meet patient needs, and friendly and professional staff attitudes. However, the service completion time and cost indicators are still in the fairly good category, which indicates delays in service and limited information regarding costs received by patients. Furthermore, facilities and infrastructure are the indicators that require the most attention, especially regarding the comfort of the waiting room and the completeness of service support equipment. In conclusion, although the standard of public service at the Dumai City Regional Hospital inpatient has been running well, continuous improvement efforts are needed to increase service time efficiency, cost transparency, and the provision of facilities and infrastructure to increase public satisfaction and trust in health services.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency. Qualitative setting field research takes the object of the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah, located in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency for two months from March to April 2025, with research subjects including the congregation of the sect, community leaders, and religious leaders. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the Tarjumah teachings are a legacy of K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i's thoughts which emphasize three main principles in Islamic education, namely the formation of strong faith, the development of noble morals (akhlaqul karimah), and the practice of Islamic law as a whole (kaffah). This concept not only emphasizes theoretical or cognitive aspects, but also focuses on the formation of real character and behavior in accordance with Islamic values ​​in everyday life. The implementation of Islamic education in this teaching is carried out through various religious activities that are integrated with community life, such as regular religious studies in mosques, prayer rooms, or residents' homes, with the main material in the form of Javanese tarjumah books containing Islamic teachings in the form of nadham, including aqidah, worship, muamalah, and manners. In addition, the implementation of congregational worship such as the five daily prayers, dhuha prayers, and dhikr activities, are also effective educational media. This fact shows the harmony between teaching, habituation, and exemplary behavior, where Islamic values ​​are not only taught, but are manifested in social interactions in society through joint religious activities, traditions of mutual assistance, concern for the environment, and efforts to maintain social harmony. Thus, Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam’iyah Rifa’iyah has proven to be able to form a society that is religious, has character, and consistently practices Islamic teachings in everyday life. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more widely the comparative implementation of tarjumah teachings in other regions and its impact on positive social change in more depth.  

The practice of leaking customer data by banks to third parties, such as Mata elang, raises serious problems in the context of personal data protection in Indonesia. This action not only threatens the individual's right to privacy but also has the potential to violate the legal provisions stipulated in Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. This article aims to analyze the legal basis violated by this practice and provide a legal solution in an effort to protect customer rights. The formulation of the problem in this study is what form of legal violation of data leaks by banks to Mata elang and what is the legal enforcement mechanism. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were obtained through a literature study of relevant regulations and supporting scientific literature. The results of the analysis show that leaking customer data to third parties without valid consent is a violation of the principles of data processing in the PDP Law, especially regarding legality, transparency, and protection of data subjects. Banks as data controllers are responsible for the leak and can be subject to administrative, civil, or criminal sanctions. In closing, this study recommends strengthening internal bank regulations, strict supervision by regulatory authorities, and increasing legal awareness for customers. This effort is important to ensure the security of personal data and uphold the right to privacy in the banking system.