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Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati; Tusino Tusino; Rida Desty Ariyanti

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Jurnal Aksi Sosial 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Deep learning is a learning approach that emphasizes in-depth understanding of concepts and the development of critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking skills. Although this approach aligns with the demands of a competency-based curriculum, its implementation at the elementary school level still faces various challenges. Based on a preliminary survey, 65% of elementary school teachers in partner schools admitted to experiencing difficulties in implementing deep learning effectively in the classroom. This study aims to identify innovative strategies that can improve teacher competency through a structured training program. The training activities involved 120 teachers from 10 elementary schools who are members of the teacher working group (KKG), with a focus on mastery of deep learning concepts, the application of interactive learning methods, and the use of educational technology. The training method was implemented continuously using a blended learning approach, including face-to-face sessions, practical workshops, mentoring, and the use of digital learning platforms. Evaluation results showed that 80% of training participants experienced significant improvements in their understanding of deep learning concepts, 70% were able to integrate interactive learning strategies into the teaching process, and 60% actively utilized learning technology to enrich students' learning experiences. These findings confirm that ongoing training integrated with technology support can improve teachers' capacity to implement deep learning in the classroom. Furthermore, the program's success is also influenced by intensive mentoring and collaboration among teachers through the Teacher Working Group (KKG). The implications of this research point to the need for educational policies at the elementary school level that encourage systematic, sustainable, and technology-based teacher professional development programs. Thus, the implementation of deep learning can be optimized to support the achievement of competency-based curriculum objectives and improve the overall quality of education

Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati; Tusino Tusino; Rida Desty Ariyanti

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Jurnal Aksi Sosial 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Deep learning is a learning approach that emphasizes in-depth understanding of concepts and the development of critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking skills. Although this approach aligns with the demands of a competency-based curriculum, its implementation at the elementary school level still faces various challenges. Based on a preliminary survey, 65% of elementary school teachers in partner schools admitted to experiencing difficulties in implementing deep learning effectively in the classroom. This study aims to identify innovative strategies that can improve teacher competency through a structured training program. The training activities involved 120 teachers from 10 elementary schools who are members of the teacher working group (KKG), with a focus on mastery of deep learning concepts, the application of interactive learning methods, and the use of educational technology. The training method was implemented continuously using a blended learning approach, including face-to-face sessions, practical workshops, mentoring, and the use of digital learning platforms. Evaluation results showed that 80% of training participants experienced significant improvements in their understanding of deep learning concepts, 70% were able to integrate interactive learning strategies into the teaching process, and 60% actively utilized learning technology to enrich students' learning experiences. These findings confirm that ongoing training integrated with technology support can improve teachers' capacity to implement deep learning in the classroom. Furthermore, the program's success is also influenced by intensive mentoring and collaboration among teachers through the Teacher Working Group (KKG). The implications of this research point to the need for educational policies at the elementary school level that encourage systematic, sustainable, and technology-based teacher professional development programs. Thus, the implementation of deep learning can be optimized to support the achievement of competency-based curriculum objectives and improve the overall quality of education

Syarif Hidayat; Nurul Mubin; Faisal Kamal

Journal of New Trends in Sciences 2025 CV. Aksara Global Akademia

The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of the concept of integration between Science and Islam, to explore how this integration is implemented, and to identify the factors that influence its effectiveness in the context of learning for the Integrated Madrasah Science Competition (KSM) in Biology at MAN 1 Wonosobo. This study employs a qualitative research method, utilizing field research and descriptive research approaches. The findings indicate that the pattern of integration between Science and Islam in biology learning is interconnective, blending both perspectives seamlessly. Supervisory teachers, who predominantly have a pure scientific background in biology, play an active role in discussions and studies. The use of biology textbooks as learning resources, which integrate both scientific and Islamic content, is maximized, allowing for in-depth discussions between teachers and students. Key factors influencing the effectiveness of the Biology KSM include the curriculum and learning materials that emphasize the integration of Science and Islam. The competencies of interdisciplinary teachers who understand and master the integration of both sciences are crucial for the success of the Biology KSM. Additionally, support from all components of the madrasah is essential for creating a motivating and guiding framework that encourages the integration process. These findings suggest that the combination of academic expertise in both science and Islam, along with strong institutional support, contributes significantly to the effectiveness of the Integrated Madrasah Science Competition and enhances the learning experience for students. This study provides insights into how the integration of Science and Islam can be effectively implemented in the educational context, specifically within biology education.

Elviana Seran; Roswita Luruk Klau; Maria Yunita Nahak; Theresia S.S Mendez; Fridolin R Lalu +4 more

Jurnal Pendidikan Dirgantara 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

Microteaching is an essential component in preparing students of the Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) program to become competent professional educators. This study aims to analyze effective strategies for mastering teaching materials during microteaching courses for PGSD students. Optimal mastery of subject matter requires not only a deep understanding of content but also the ability to adapt to the characteristics of primary school students, the use of varied teaching methods, and effective communication skills. This study employs a literature review methodology and analyzes best practices from various educational institutions. The results indicate that strategies for mastering teaching materials in microteaching involve five key dimensions: systematic material preparation through curriculum analysis and in-depth literature study; material organization using a logically structured approach; material presentation with diverse learning models and appropriate media; continuous evaluation using assessment for learning techniques; and self-development through continuous learning and consistent practice. The implementation of this integrated strategy has been proven to increase student confidence, improve the quality of material delivery, and optimize teaching readiness in primary school settings. These findings offer significant contributions to the development of PGSD curricula and the enhancement of the quality of future primary school teachers in Indonesia.

Risalah Nur Ashfiya; Ibnu Muthi

Intellektika : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa 2025 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

Dede Indra Setiabudi; Syakillah Fi Ismi

Proceeding of the International Conference on Global Education and Learning 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are integrated into the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) curriculum of the Primary School Teacher Education Program (PGMI) at the Al-Zaytun Islamic Institute of Indonesia. Responding to the limited number of empirical curriculum studies linking OBE and sustainability, this research adopts a library research design supported by structured content analysis of curriculum documents, including Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL), Course Learning Objectives (CPMK), and assessment rubrics. The analytical rubric was developed based on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) indicators recommended by UNESCO. Findings indicate that only 30% of CPL and 22.7% of CPMK explicitly incorporate SDG values, with the dominant themes being inclusive education, social empathy, and critical thinking. The remaining components either indirectly address sustainability principles or primarily focus on technical pedagogical aspects. This reveals a misalignment between the curriculum’s current structure and the transformative vision of ESD and SDGs. Methodologically, this research contributes by offering a replicable rubric for assessing curriculum sustainability. Conceptually, it establishes a link between the OBE framework and sustainability values within Islamic teacher education. Practically, the findings provide actionable insights for curriculum developers and policymakers to enhance alignment with global sustainability agendas. The study emphasizes the strategic role of PGMI in fostering sustainability-oriented educators and advocates for systemic curriculum reform to produce future teachers equipped with the knowledge, values, and skills necessary to address contemporary global challenges. Strengthening the integration of SDGs within OBE-based curricula is essential for higher education institutions to actively contribute to the realization of a sustainable future.

Ratna Dewi; Agus Ikhsan Farhan; Nuraliyah Nuraliyah; Sabrinah Meilani

ARDHI : Jurnal Pengabdian Dalam Negri 2025 Asosiasi Riset Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This research aims to examine the implementation of Betawi cultural education in elementary school learning at SDN Karangantu to enhance students' cultural awareness. Using qualitative descriptive methods through observation, interviews, and documentation, this study investigates how Betawi cultural elements are integrated into the curriculum and their impact on students' understanding of local heritage. The research was conducted over three months involving 120 students from grades 1-6 and 8 teachers. Findings reveal that incorporating Betawi cultural elements such as traditional songs, folklore, and arts significantly improves students' cultural appreciation and identity formation. The study recommends systematic integration of local cultural content in elementary education curricula to preserve cultural heritage while enhancing educational quality.

Anna Ria Silaban; Meri Kristiani Simanjuntak; Ajelina Novita Pasaribu; Sorta Taruli Martogi Simamora; Nikson Hutasoit +1 more

Kolaborasi : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Kolaborasi Pengabdian Masyarakat 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Matematika dan Sains Indonesia

This research is motivated by the low attendance and involvement of church youth in spiritual activities, as well as the weak Christian character that should be the basis of their lives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the service learning approach by IAKN Tarutung students on character development and increasing participation of Naposo Bulung youth at HKBP Maranatha Ressort Cinta Damai. This research is based on the theory of service learning (Eyler & Giles, 1999), experiential learning (Kolb, 1984), and the concept of sense of belonging (Etzioni, 1991) which emphasizes the importance of emotional involvement and critical reflection in the learning and service process. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, which were conducted for three months. The results of the study showed that the service learning program had a significant influence in increasing the attendance of youth from an average of 14 to 25 people per week, as well as fostering positive characters such as responsibility, discipline, and social concern. Students not only act as implementers of activities, but also as spiritual mentors and spiritual friends, who form authentic and contextual relationships with teenagers. The implications of this study confirm that service learning is an effective approach in the formation of church teenagers because it combines aspects of direct service with spiritual and academic reflection. Therefore, it is recommended that this approach be integrated more systematically into the curriculum of higher theological education and used as a model of sustainable service in the church community.

Syahwal Alan; Siti Amanah; Rully Andi Yaksa

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The role of Guidance and Counseling Teachers in strengthening the profile of Pancasila students in schools is very strategic. The implementation of guidance and counseling services in schools with the independent learning curriculum requires service components that are accompanied by plans and implementations that have been integrated with strengthening the profile of Pancasila students. Quantitative research type with descriptive methods. Descriptive research is a study that tries to answer existing problems based on data. The population in this study were all classes VIII A to VIII F with a total of 265 students. The results of the study showed that the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City was 83.33 or a good category. The description of the dimensions of faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City was 84.64% or a good category. The description of the global diversity dimension in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City was 87.09% or a good category. The description of the mutual cooperation dimension in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City is 84.12% or a good category. The description of the independent dimension in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City is 75.79% or a good category. The description of the critical reasoning dimension in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City is 82.71% or a good category. The description of the creative dimension in the profile of Pancasila students at SMP Negeri 002 Jambi City is 83.33% or a good category.

Muamalah Attaqwa; Lutfi Nofianto; Mohammad Syaifuddin

Moral : Jurnal kajian Pendidikan Islam 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

The era of disruption marked by the rapid development of technology and information brings serious challenges to the world of education, especially in shaping the faith and morals of students. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has a strategic role in protecting students from the negative influences of this era, through strengthening faith in Allah SWT as the main foundation for character formation. This study aims to analyze the urgency of faith in shaping the faith and morals of students in the midst of the flow of disruption. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, reviewing various scientific literature, journals, and relevant documents. The results of the study show that strong faith is the main driver in the commendable behavior of students and a shield against moral relativism and social deviation. Religious education must be integrated comprehensively into the curriculum, teacher training, and learning environments that support the internalization of divine values. In conclusion, strengthening faith in Allah is very urgent as a basis for forming strong faith and morals in facing the challenges of the era of disruption.

Dadan Mardani; Isop Syafei

International Journal of Islamic Educational Research 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidkan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

This article examines the foundational role of traditional methods in Arabic language instruction by exploring classical pedagogies rooted in Islamic educational heritage. Amid the rising dominance of modern and communicative approaches, a critical reassessment of historical methods—such as imlāʾ, talqīn, qirāʾah jahrīyah, ḥifẓ, and tarjamah—is necessary to understand their pedagogical strengths, limitations, and philosophical underpinnings. This study employs a reflective literature-based method that draws upon classical Islamic texts, modern comparative analyses, and recent academic contributions to reconstruct the theoretical framework of traditional instruction. Findings reveal that while classical methods emphasized memorization, authority, and textual mastery, they also embodied a coherent epistemology centered on ethical formation (adab), teacher–student transmission (taqlīd), and spiritual-intellectual integration. These methods were not only instructional techniques but were embedded within broader ontological and axiological assumptions about knowledge, language, and human development. The study argues that rather than being entirely outdated, elements of traditional pedagogy remain relevant and can be selectively integrated into modern educational models to balance structure with creativity, discipline with dialogue. By critically reviewing classical pedagogies, this article contributes to the discourse on Arabic language curriculum reform, especially in Islamic institutions seeking to preserve identity while engaging contemporary educational challenges

Chairunisa Mardiah Ramadhani; Sifana Alqorana; Yuma Laberty Ibadi; Sani Safitri

SOSIAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan IPS 2025 Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Using an integrated approach to education, social studies learning is essential to producing a generation with character. This method not only aims to acquire academic knowledge, but also to instil character principles that are important in everyday life. Students gain an understanding of principles such as justice and democracy through social studies learning, which are highly relevant in the context of social society. Character education and social context are linked to improve students' critical thinking skills. One of the goals of the social studies curriculum transformation is for students to internalise the principles taught into their daily lives. Social studies learning can be useful for building strong character for the younger generation to face future challenges.

Basori Basori; Mifta Yuljannah Pasaribu; Reva Nur Amalya

Reflection : Islamic Education Journal 2025 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Modern education often emphasizes cognitive and technological aspects, while spiritual aspects are often neglected. In fact, in Islamic educational philosophy, the integration of spiritual values ​​is an important part in forming the character of students who are moral and competitive. This study aims to (1) analyze the concept of Islamic educational philosophy from the perspective of integrating spiritual values, (2) identify spiritual values ​​that can be integrated into the modern education system, and (3) explore effective strategies in their implementation. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach to relevant sources. The results of the study indicate that Islamic educational philosophy emphasizes a balance between intellectual and spiritual aspects to form individuals who have high moral awareness. Spiritual values ​​such as monotheism, morals, and worship can be adapted into a modern curriculum through contextual and experience-based learning methods. The implementation of this integration strategy includes a holistic approach in the curriculum, teacher training, and the creation of a learning environment that supports the spiritual growth of students. Thus, the integration of spiritual values ​​in modern education contributes to the formation of a more complete and balanced character.

Sholeh Effendi; Fadia Nur Haya; Khuriyah Khuriyah

jurnal Riset Rumpun Agama dan Filsafat 2025 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to analyze the representation of religious moderation values in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) textbook for grade VII at the junior high school level published by the Ministry of Education and Culture in the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature review and document analysis. This research will also use triangulation techniques to ensure data accuracy.  The results show that this textbook successfully conveys the values of religious moderation in a way that is appropriate to the Indonesian context which is rich in diversity. The value of national commitment is emphasized through teaching about the importance of maintaining national unity, while the value of tolerance and interfaith cooperation is reflected in materials that respect differences in beliefs and invite students to coexist peacefully. In addition, the value of anti-violence in religion is also integrated by promoting the principles of peace and compassion, as well as attitudes that avoid extremism. The book also introduces respect for local cultures that are in line with religious principles, to create a society that is inclusive, peaceful, and able to maintain social harmony. Thus, PAI textbooks in the Merdeka Curriculum not only function as a tool for religious learning, but also as a means of building student character that emphasizes the values of religious moderation in everyday life.

Nadilla Aleyda Maqhfira Agustin; Muhammad Anas Kamaluddin; Muhamad Iqbal Wibisono; Ahmad Syawal; Miftah Farid

Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This journal discusses the role of Islamic education management in educational institutions and how to develop them. This research uses qualitative methods, with data collection through observation, interviews, and in-depth literature review. The main findings of this study involve various important components in educational management, including curriculum management, human resources, infrastructure, financing, public relations, and special services. One of the educational institutions analyzed, MAN 4 Bantul, identified four main points in the development of educational institutions. First, the use of the independent curriculum to provide freedom in the learning process; second, the application of Islamic character to shape students' morals; third, increasing individual worship and faith to always be grateful according to Islamic teachings; and fourth, developing branding through information management in the field of public relations. In addition, MAN 4 Bantul also improves the quality of human resources through learning innovation workshops for educators. The results of this study indicate that Islamic education management integrated with religious principles can create a more effective, relevant, and sustainable learning environment, as well as strengthen the competitiveness of educational institutions in the digital era.

Desy Utari; Abidin, Miftahul; Yuniar Yuniar; Junaidah Junaidah

International Journal of Education and Literature 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

The dichotomy between general sciences and religious sciences has become a fundamental issue in modern educational systems, resulting in the emergence of a generation fragmented in knowledge and values. In the context of Indonesian Muslim society, the emergence of Integrated Islamic Schools (Sekolah Islam Terpadu/SIT) serves as a response to concerns over a secular-oriented education system that fails to address spiritual dimensions and holistic character development. This study aims to analyze how the integration of general and religious knowledge serves both as a paradigmatic foundation and a policy driver behind the rise of SIT as an alternative educational model. The research employs a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, involving an in-depth analysis of scholarly literature, policy documents, and relevant research findings. The results reveal that knowledge integration within SIT goes beyond curriculum unification; it involves an epistemological reconstruction of education that unites cognitive and spiritual dimensions within a tawhidic (monotheistic) framework. National education policy provides a legal space for the development of SIT, while the strategic role of SIT is evident in its capacity to nurture students who are academically competent and morally grounded. This study highlights the importance of strengthening policy and institutional capacity to ensure the sustainability of an integrative and contextually responsive Islamic education system.

Qinta Berliana Valfini; Samsul Ariyadi; Amara Rizki Fadillah

International Journal of Religious Education and Philosophy 2025 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Environmental education plays a crucial role in modern curricula, emphasizing sustainability and ecological responsibility to address global challenges. This study compares faith-based and secular environmental education strategies, focusing on how theological reflection and ecological consciousness are integrated into teaching frameworks. Faith-based schools, particularly those rooted in Christianity and Islam, incorporate ecological ethics within religious teachings, framing environmental stewardship as a moral and spiritual duty. In contrast, secular models prioritize scientific literacy and environmental problem-solving. The study reveals that faith-based models promote both scientific understanding and moral engagement with environmental issues through religious values like Imago Dei (in Christian schools) and khalifah (in Islamic schools). These values instill a sense of moral accountability, motivating students to act sustainably. The research also highlights how curriculum design, teacher involvement, and experiential learning contribute to the effectiveness of both models in fostering ecological responsibility. By comparing these approaches, the study proposes an integrative eco-theological pedagogical framework that combines the strengths of both methods to promote long-term commitment to sustainability. The findings have implications for educational policy, curriculum development, and teacher training, especially in pluralistic school settings where diverse perspectives must be considered. Integrating ecological ethics into education can cultivate a generation committed to sustainability and ethical responsibility.

Rani Rakhmawati

Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 2025 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This study examines the implementation of Hablum Minal Alam (human-nature relationship) learning in fostering environmentally conscious behavior at MI Bukit Pelangi Nature School in Karanganyar, Pekalongan. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores how Islamic values are integrated into an environmentally-focused curriculum based on direct experience with nature. The findings show that MI Bukit Pelangi effectively implements a contextual learning approach through activities such as farming, ecosystem observation, eco-brick projects, and nature reflection sessions. The curriculum combines the national "Merdeka Curriculum" with local contextualization and experiential learning methods. The study reveals that nature-based Islamic education successfully nurtures ecological awareness and environmental behavior through six core values: environmental consciousness, resource management, cultivation activities, gratitude for nature, stewardship responsibility, and experiential learning. This educational model offers potential as a sustainable environmental education framework that integrates spiritual values with ecological responsibility.

Sutoyo Sutoyo; Apri Winge A

Jurnal Riset sosial humaniora, dan Pendidikan (Soshumdik) 2025 LPPM Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This study aims to examine the understanding of students of SMAN 1 Surakarta towards the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE), especially in the aspect of social media rights and the importance of background verification when applying for a job. This study used a qualitative approach with interview and participatory observation methods. The results showed that although students have basic knowledge of the prohibitions in ITE Law, their understanding of specific articles and legal consequences is still low. Formal education on ITE Law has not been optimally integrated in the school curriculum, so students obtain information from the media or personal experience. When it comes to verifying information when applying for a job, students tend to focus on the technical aspects, with no awareness of the importance of building a digital reputation. These findings underscore the need for educational approaches that are contextualized and based on students' digital experiences, such as case study-based learning and collaboration with legal practitioners. This research contributes to the development of digital law learning designs that are responsive to the needs of Generation Z and opens up opportunities for further research on digital legal literacy at the secondary education level.

Resnita Resnita; Syarwani Ahmad; Destiniar Destiniar

International Journal of Educational Development 2025 Asosiasi Periset Bahasa Sastra Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the Integration of Character Values in the Management of Independent Curriculum-Based Learning in State Elementary School 2, Selat Penuguan District, Banyuasin Regency. Data collection tools use interview methods, documentation, observation and literature review. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis with research stages that refer to the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study stated that the integration of character values in learning based on the Independent Curriculum at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District has been running well through 3 stages, namely 1) integration of character values into learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2,  Selat Penuguan District; 2) integration of character values into the implementation of learning as an effort to strengthen the character of students at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District; 3) integration of character values into learning evaluations. Integrated learning planning with character values at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District The character values instilled at SD Negeri 2, Selat Penuguan District include (1) faith, devotion to God Almighty, and noble character; (2) independence; (3) mutual cooperation; (4) global diversity; (5) critical reasoning; and (6) creative.