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Students are individuals who are in the process of learning and developing themselves through formal and non-formal education. There are still teachers who do not pay attention to the initial conditions of students before learning begins, so that it has an impact on the learning outcomes obtained. This article aims to explain the application of flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint media in improving learning effectiveness in class IV SDN Sungai Miai 5. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with four informants, namely homeroom teachers and three students. Observations were conducted in a participatory manner, while documentation included classroom learning activities and teacher teaching styles. The data obtained were analyzed in depth. The results showed that grade IV students expect fun, interesting, and active learning. The flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint is proven to help create a more effective learning atmosphere. Future research is suggested to examine the application of this model in other grade levels or subjects to broaden the understanding of its effectiveness in various learning contexts.    

This study examines how the power of a slogan and visual elements are able to form a strong brand image and is inherent in the memory of consumers, focusing on the study of the Indomie brand. Through the approach of literature review, this study synthesizes various research results and previous reference sources to explore the role of the slogan “Indomie Seleraku” in creating collective memory in the community. Qualitative descriptive approach was used to examine secondary data derived from interview documentation and analysis of Indomie advertising content from various time periods. From the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that the strength of the Indomie brand does not only come from the quality of its products, but also from a consistent marketing communication strategy that is able to generate emotional resonance among consumers. Indomie effectively combines elements of local culture, attractive visual displays, and slogans that are easy to recognize and remember. This combination plays a role in creating an emotional connection between the brand and its consumers, while strengthening public perception of Indomie as part of the daily consumption culture. In addition, thematic advertisements launched at special moments such as the month of Ramadan, as well as the launch of certain regional flavors, also strengthen Indomie's position as a brand that is relevant to local values and national identity. This study confirms that the success of a marketing communication strategy depends not only on the message conveyed, but also on the way it is presented visually and verbally that is able to build emotional experiences and deep meaning for consumers.

The resurrection of the body is a key foundation of the Christian faith, as it demonstrates the power of Jesus to overcome death and sin, and provides hope for life after death for His followers. This teaching is clearly presented in the Bible. Many people wonder about the condition of the soul after death. Whether the resurrection of the body is in accordance with the teachings of the Bible, how the resurrection process takes place, whether there is a difference between the resurrection for believers and unbelievers. This article therefore aims to provide an in-depth insight into the concept of bodily resurrection in the Bible, including key verses. The glorious resurrection of the body is the essence of Christian hope and a promise that changes the way believers view life and death. By understanding the Bible's teaching on resurrection, Christians can find comfort, motivation, and purpose in their lives, as well as confidence in a future filled with promise and glory. This article is expected to be a source of reflection and a deeper understanding of the resurrection of the body in the context of Christian faith.” This writing is done using a descriptive qualitative method, which is using literature from books or journal articles that have been made. The Bible teaches that death is not the end of everything, but rather a transition to the promised resurrection. This concept is rooted in the resurrection of Jesus.

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are increasingly favored by consumers due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. A key strategy for gaining market share is digital marketing, especially through TikTok. This study analyzes the sales growth strategy of Arkline, a local fashion brand that successfully utilizes TikTok for marketing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from official digital sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is highly effective in reaching Gen Z, who prefer visual and interactive content. Arkline's strategies include creating trend-based videos, engaging with audiences via TikTok Live, and collaborating with popular influencers. These efforts enhance brand awareness, strengthen audience engagement, and drive purchase decisions. The TikTok Shop feature also facilitates in-app purchases, leading to higher sales conversions. Overall, TikTok proves to be a powerful marketing tool for Arkline in building closer relationships with consumers, expanding market reach, and boosting competitiveness. With adaptive strategies aligned with digital trends, local brands can fully leverage TikTok’s potential in the evolving fashion industry.

The rise of digital technology has transformed the way political messages are conveyed, notably through digital advertising platforms that often incorporate subtle propaganda using engaging and persuasive content. This study investigates the link between propaganda and digital advertising, focusing on their impact on public perception, especially during political campaigns. Applying a descriptive qualitative approach, the research involves content analysis of political advertisements and interviews with active social media users. The findings show that political ads frequently embed propaganda elements through emotional storytelling and symbolic imagery. Many viewers remain unaware that such messages are designed to influence their opinions. The study concludes that digital platforms serve not only as marketing tools but also as powerful vehicles for covert propaganda. Therefore, strengthening media literacy is crucial to help the public critically interpret political content online.  

Q.S. Luqman verse 27 is one of the Qur’anic verses that employs tashbih (simile) to illustrate the vastness of Allah’s knowledge and His divine majesty. The verse states that if all the trees on earth were pens and the seas were ink, they would not suffice to write the words of Allah. This study aims to analyze the structure of the simile in this verse and uncover its spiritual dimension through a Sufi interpretive approach. Using a qualitative library research method, primary sources include Sufi Qur’anic commentaries such as those of Al-Qushayri. The analysis reveals that the symbols of pens, ink, and the sea not only represent the boundlessness of divine knowledge but also convey esoteric meanings about the relationship between the servant and the Divine. Sufi interpretation emphasizes that Allah’s majesty cannot be grasped by reason alone, but rather through spiritual unveiling (kashf) and ma‘rifah (gnosis). Thus, the Sufi perspective enriches the understanding of this verse—not only literally, but also as a spiritual call toward deeper awareness of Allah’s infinite power and presence.

The inconsistency in case rulings and its impact on the principles of separation of powers and the quality of democracy in Indonesia. The case challenges the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, with the Constitutional Court acknowledging the legal standing of the petitioner despite discrepancies in the outcomes of similar cases. The implications of adding norms in such rulings also raise questions about the legitimacy of Constitutional Court decisions in the political context. This study employs qualitative methods, leading to the conclusion that the decision results in controversy among the public, causing them to lose trust in the constitutional court due to autocratic rulings benefiting political elite. Keywords: Constitutional Court, Democracy.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

East Africa has great potential in the tourism sector, but is vulnerable to the threat of terrorism that can hinder economic growth and regional stability. This research aims to analyze the impact of terrorism on tourism development, especially in Kenya as a case study. The research uses a Library Research method with a descriptive qualitative approach based on narrative and contextual. The theory used is the tactical definition of terrorism by C.A.J Coady which emphasizes violence against civilians for political interests and Esmailzadeh's perspective which states the adaptive and global nature of terrorism. The results of the analysis show that terror attacks, such as those that occurred in several countries in the East African region, do not only cause physical casualties but also psychological and symbolic impacts in the form of declining tourist numbers, disruption of security perceptions and a negative image of the destination in the eyes of the international community. This study emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach: hard security, inclusive economic development, and soft power-based promotion. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of theoretical-philosophical approaches and empirical data to assess the linkages between security and tourism in conflict-prone areas, which have rarely been studied in depth in the East African context.

The acceleration of globalization and advances in information technology have brought about significant changes in the economic field. In this context, collaboration between individuals is a key element in forming business groups that aim to achieve economic benefits. These business groups can take the form of informal businesses that do not yet have legality, as well as legal entities known as corporations. When individuals join a corporation, this also strengthens the corporation's position as a legal subject in economic activities. A legal subject (subject tumjuris) is an entity that can have and exercise rights and obligations. This situation can trigger abuse of power by corporations against the public interest, which is then known as corporate crime. Such crimes are usually committed for the sake of the company's business interests and fall into the category of white collar. crime. One form of corporate crime that is rampant is the violation of the economic rights of creators and copyright owners

This study aims to determine whether or not the fifth Amendment of the 1945 Constitution as the written Constitution of the State of Indonesia which has become a mecca in formulating laws and regulations for more than the last twenty-five years is still able to meet the demands of the dynamics of the current administration or whether radical changes need to be made by changing the main mecca. Along with the current government and a few years ago. The executive and legislative parties even managed to form several legal products that were eventually criticized and rejected by the public. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the power in the field of legislation that must be given to the party whose authority it is. Based on the theory of limiting the President's power, he is the party that executes and implements the law. In Indonesia, the executive is involved in the process of forming legal products. Even the judiciary also acts as a legislator rather than a negative legislator. Efforts to maintain the position of independent commissions and emphasize regional elections so that we do not need to return to the old model. This research will discuss the ideas of change that should be urgent in the current Indonesian constitutional order, and be able to meet the needs of the future. The method used in this writing is Normative law. By conducting approaches to legislation, conceptual, historical approaches, comparisons and using qualitative analysis methods.

This article explores the theme of faithfullness in the book of Hosea throught a theological lens and examines its relevanse for the contemporary church. The book of the Hosea presents a powerfull potrayal of God’s unwafering faithfullnes toward his people despite their reapeted unfaithfullnes. Using the metaphor of Hosea’s marriage to Gomer, God communicates a message off steadfast love, forgiveness, and restoration. This study highlights the theological significance of divine faithfullness and its role as the foundation for relational  etichs within the community of faith. The implication for the church today include a calling to live faithfully before God, to embody restorative love in community life, and to strengh then commitmen to the covenant of faith. Faithfullnes is presented not merely as a moral virtue but as a spiritual identity to be lived out in ecclesial practice. Through exegetical analysis and contextual reflection, this articel invites the church the respond to the call of faithfullness mid the chalanges of the modern era.

This study aims to examine the existence of the Church in the context of salvation history from the perspective of systematic theology, focusing on the role and vocation of the ecclesia as the community of God's people. The background of this study departs from the belief that the Church is not just a religious institution, but has an existential and historical basis in God's saving work. The Church acts as an extension of Christ's mission which is continued in the power of the Holy Spirit. In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consist of the Holy Bible, theological books related to the title, as well as relevant theological journal articles. This research was conducted to understand the relationship between the Church's identity and its participation in salvation history, both dogmatically and functionally. The results show that the Church is called to be an active witness in the work of salvation, by carrying out prophetic, liturgical, and social functions. As an ecclesia, the Church is not just a collection of individual believers, but a community that lives in relationship with Christ as the Head. The discussion emphasizes that the Church has a mandate to live in unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolate, all of which are rooted in God's grace. In conclusion, the existence of the Church in salvation history is eschatological and missionary. The Church is called to be a sign and means of salvation, and to take part in the salvation of the world.

The Kanjuruhan tragedy on October 1, 2022, marks one of the deadliest disasters in Indonesian sports history, resulting in the deaths of over a hundred spectators during a post-match riot. This study explores the tragedy through the lens of sports sociology by examining how crowd behavior, institutional failures, and the use of excessive force reflect deeper socio-political dynamics. Using a library research method, this paper analyzes academic literature, official reports, and sociological theories—particularly those of Gramsci, Bourdieu, and Foucault—to understand the normalization of violence, the exercise of hegemonic power through sport, and the systemic weaknesses in match organization. The study finds that the convergence of commercial interests, inadequate crowd management, and institutionalized violence created the conditions for this disaster. The findings call for structural reforms in sports governance and advocate for a sociologically informed approach to fan education, crowd control, and ethical media representation.

A reliable electrical grid the power plant scheduling system needs to optimize the plant's performance by considering the economic value and the value of emissions generated by the plant, in addition to the reliability and economic sectors. This system should also take into account the environmental impact, as well as the CO2 and CH4 emissions produced by the plant. This research will use the Dragonfly Algorithm with weighting parameters to schedule hydro and thermal facilities' emissions and economic activities. That the weighting value impacts production costs and emissions is demonstrated by the data acquired from the Dragonfly Algorithm simulation. If economic considerations take precedence in assigning weights, then low-cost generating will result in high-value emissions, and vice versa. The plant's Emission Intensity rating also meets the standards established by the government.

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are gaining popularity due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. One successful example is Arkline, a local fashion brand that effectively uses digital marketing, particularly TikTok, to reach its target market. This study aims to analyze Arkline’s sales growth strategy using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through digital observations and official online sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is a highly effective platform for engaging Generation Z, who prefer visual, interactive, and authentic content. Arkline’s strategy includes creating trend-based videos, using TikTok Live for real-time interactions, and collaborating with influencers who have large followings. These methods help increase brand awareness, strengthen customer engagement, and drive purchasing decisions. Additionally, the TikTok Shop feature enables seamless in-app transactions, which boosts conversion rates. Overall, TikTok serves as a powerful tool for Arkline to build stronger relationships with consumers, expand its market reach, and stay competitive in the fashion industry. With the right digital marketing strategy and adaptability to current trends, local brands like Arkline can fully leverage TikTok’s potential as an effective platform in today’s digital era.

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

The Constitutional Court is a state institution that emerged from the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, as part of the efforts to strengthen the principles of the rule of law and constitutional democracy in Indonesia. This institution plays a crucial role in upholding legal regulations, ensuring proper checks, and balancing the power between institutions and the state. This research aims to examine the position, authority, and contributions of the Constitutional Court within Indonesia's governance system. A normative approach is generally used, along with analyses of laws, Constitutional Court decisions, and various related legal literature. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court not only acts as the gatekeeper of the structure, but also as the sole translator of the structure, which has an important influence on the dynamics of relations between state institutions and the development of constitutional law in Indonesia. The Constitutional Court participates in the protection of citizens' rights, the improvement of the electoral system, and the upholding of the principles of democracy and real justice.

The concept of sustainable living has increasingly influenced daily life, with communities adopting healthy habits, eco-friendly actions, and paperless practices. Lyfe With Less is one community actively promoting sustainability through the #SalingSilang campaign. This study analyzes their communication strategies to encourage sustainable lifestyles via social media. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through digital searches and observation. Findings reveal that social media functions as both an educational platform and a catalyst for social change. A multi-platform strategy ensures broad information dissemination, while exclusive memberships, such as those on Telegram, support deeper community engagement. Programs like the #SalingSilang Free Market and #BersalingSilang offer sustainable consumption alternatives. In 2024, 1,588 second-hand items were exchanged in Bandung, and 3,305 people participated in events across multiple cities. Innovations such as the Sustainable Journey Passport and subsidized shipping fees for online trades enhance public participation. Through these initiatives, Lyfe With Less has built a communication ecosystem that fosters minimalist and environmentally conscious lifestyles. Their approach effectively reduces overconsumption, raises waste management awareness, and demonstrates how social media can be a powerful tool for promoting sustainability.