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The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using a guided inquiry learning approach on the development of critical thinking skills in sixth grade elementary school in Mathematics. This research uses a quantitative approach with the ex post facto method, namely the researcher does not control the variables, only takes data regarding the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. This research uses a quantitative approach and the analysis in this research uses descriptive and regression analysis. This research was motivated by teachers' difficulties in providing a good understanding of grade 6 elementary school mathematics learning material on the application of ratios in everyday life, namely scales. teachers' limited knowledge regarding the application of inquiry-based learning methods, as well as students' low critical thinking abilities in mathematics learning and their overall low academic achievement. The population in this study were 77 grade VI students at Wadungasri Elementary School, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, and a sample of 25 students was taken. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Data processing techniques with validity testing using expert judgment techniques. Reliability test uses Alpha Cronbach. Analysis prerequisite tests are normality test and linearity test. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression test. Research results: the guided inquiry learning model has an effect on students' critical thinking skills by 1.673%.

Wood Craft is the art or skill in making an item that has a decorative function, Wood carving is an art that requires technical skills, also involves creativity in design and execution in its creation using wood as the main medium, in its creation the author made this work for wall decorations based on Traditional Karo Ornaments. The choice of Karo Ornaments in this work is because the author sees many types and uniqueness in their forms and in an effort to preserve Karo culture, especially in traditional ornaments. In the process the author uses carving techniques including recapan, buledan, krawinga, and krawengan. These techniques help the author in creating varied works. The stages of creation in this work the author uses the method proposed by S.P Gustami. The stages of the process of creating a work of art from this method are: 1. Exploration Stage 2. Design Stage 3. Realization Stage. The process of creating this work begins with making a design, transferring the design to wood media, carving wood according to the design pattern, sanding/smoothing the wood, and finishing with a layer of varnish. The result of this creation is 12 different sized craft works made of wood media for wall decorations based on Karo ornaments with carving techniques

The development of competent human resources (HR) is a top priority for improving the quality of life in society. In education, teachers' ability to enhance their skills is key to successful learning. However, many teachers struggle to adapt teaching methods to the demands of the digital era, especially in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. AI offers innovative solutions such as personalized learning and adaptive platforms that enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. This study examines the implementation of AI-based learning models and teacher training programs in Muhammadiyah schools in Semarang. Using the Training of Trainer (ToT) approach, the program equips teachers with skills such as using adaptive learning tools and AI-based evaluation systems. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving practical training and result evaluation. The findings reveal improved digital literacy and confidence among teachers in using AI for interactive learning. In conclusion, AI has great potential to transform education, but its success depends on comprehensive, ethical, and sustainable strategies. The ToT program serves as a strategic step to empower teachers to face educational challenges in the digital era.

The Professional Strengthening Program for Teachers (P2K) implemented at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Maros aims to improve students' teaching skills through a practical approach. This classroom action research (CAR) focuses on the application of the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model to improve the early reading skills of grade I students. The learning process is carried out in two cycles that include planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that the use of letter card media is effective in increasing active student participation, learning interest, and student learning outcomes, as indicated by an increase in the average score from the first cycle to the second cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of innovation in learning strategies, especially through the use of simple interactive media, to overcome the challenges of student heterogeneity at the elementary school level.

Emotional intelligence is one of the 3 human intelligences, emotional intelligence is how humans can control, manage and control feelings so that they can have awareness in behaving and socializing with their environment, teachers' strategies in the learning process that are not appropriate can cause students to be inactive and focused in learning, students are less enthusiastic and some students are noisy in class. The aim of this research is to find out how to strengthen the emotional intelligence of Ulul Albab Ngronggot Islamic Vocational School students and to find out how PAI teachers' strategies are in strengthening emotional intelligence. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis which discusses teacher strategies in strengthening students' emotional intelligence. The results of this research are teachers' strategies for strengthening students' emotional intelligence. First, learning includes interactive, interesting, challenging, motivational activities. Second, students' emotional intelligence includes self-awareness, self-control, motivation, empathy and social skills, namely being able to interact well.  

The socio-cultural approach is a crucial aspect of creating inclusive and relevant guidance and counseling services, particularly at SMAN 7 Tasikmalaya, which has a diverse student background. This study aims to understand how socio-cultural values are integrated into the counseling process to help students address various issues, such as adaptation difficulties, social gaps, and interpersonal conflicts. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations of counseling activities, and document analysis. The results indicate that implementing strategies such as classical guidance, home visits, and community-based approaches effectively strengthens the relationship between counselors and students and enhances students' skills in dealing with differences. Additionally, the integration of local culture into counseling programs positively impacts fostering mutual understanding among students. The implications of this study highlight the need for counselor training to better comprehend students' socio-cultural contexts, enabling counseling services to be designed according to their needs and conditions. This research contributes significantly to developing guidance models that respect socio-cultural diversity in educational settings.

Physics is a subject that students are less interested in because it has a high level of difficulty in understanding, so to increase students interest and sympathy for physics, learning media that is interesting and not monotonous is needed. However, the reality in the field is that there are still very few teachers who have the skills and abilities to develop interesting learning media such as interactive learning media such as "Interactive Learning". Learning with Interactive Learning is believed to be able to stimulate good and efficient student development. The objectives of this activity include producing interactive macromedia flash learning media that is easy to learn and to find out the advantages of macromedia flash interactive learning media when compared to power point. So with this activity it is hoped that it can increase students abilities and interest in teaching and learning activities in Physics subjects at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep, Madura. The results of this service prove that the existence of interactive learning for teaching Physics subjects at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep has a positive impact and is able to increase students interest and abilities in the process of teaching and learning Physics subjects. Apart from that, the interactive learning activity has provided motivation to Physics teachers at MA Nurul Huda Talang, Saronggi, Sumenep, Madura to further improve their abilities in creating more interesting and innovative teaching materials.

In a study entitled "Analysis of Coloring Learning Using Crayons with the Drill Method for the Development of Fine Motor Skills of Early Childhood Aged 3-4 Years at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. One of the objectives of this study is to find out how the process of learning to color pictures using crayons with the drill method is like the development of fine motor skills of early childhood at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. In this study, the researcher focused on the process of learning to color pictures using crayons in early childhood and the results obtained from the learning at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. The researcher used a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach in his research, while the data collection was through field studies in the form of observations, interviews and documentation studies, which were then compiled, processed and analyzed to provide an overview of the existing problems. The results obtained by the researcher from the study, namely the process of learning to color using crayons with the drill method for the development of early childhood motor skills can help children to grow their concentration skills and also increase children's self-confidence. In the age range of 3-4 years, the child's learning process is more focused on coloring between 1, 2 or up to 3 color gradations. For the final results stage of learning, children are usually included in competitions, with the aim being more for evaluation needs rather than winning or losing.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the methods implemented by the teacher and their impact on students' understanding and dance skills. The method used is qualitative research, including direct observation, interviews with teachers, and analysis of the audiovisual materials used. The results of the study show that the use of audiovisual media in dance education increases students' interest and motivation, as well as improves their learning outcomes. This media helps explain the material more effectively and makes learning more engaging. The application of this method has also proven effective in enhancing students' self-confidence, such as encouraging them to try new things, take responsibility for tasks, and participate actively in discussions. In conclusion, audiovisual media plays an important role in supporting the teaching and learning process. However, there are some challenges faced, such as limited equipment and teachers' knowledge. It is recommended that schools provide adequate equipment and that teachers continue to develop their skills in using educational media to achieve optimal results.

Reading ability is a basic skill that every elementary school student must have, because through the reading process, children can learn various subjects better. The purpose of this study was to analyze the emotional involvement of elementary school students when reading adventure stories. Emotional involvement as a learning tool has been proven effective in increasing student interest and motivation, supporting the development of social and emotional skills, and improving critical and analytical thinking skills. The role of teachers and parents is very important in encouraging children's emotional involvement. Teachers can create a collaborative classroom environment, choose interesting books, and parents can set aside special time to read with their children at home. Teachers and parents need to work together to ensure that children get the support they need. This also has a significant impact on curriculum development, as interesting and relevant adventure stories are included in the curriculum to create a positive learning environment and encourage children's emotional involvement.

Reading ability is a basic skill that every elementary school student must have, because through the reading process, children can learn various subjects better. The purpose of this study was to analyze the emotional involvement of elementary school students when reading adventure stories. Emotional involvement as a learning tool has been proven effective in increasing student interest and motivation, supporting the development of social and emotional skills, and improving critical and analytical thinking skills. The role of teachers and parents is very important in encouraging children's emotional involvement. Teachers can create a collaborative classroom environment, choose interesting books, and parents can set aside special time to read with their children at home. Teachers and parents need to work together to ensure that children get the support they need. This also has a significant impact on curriculum development, as interesting and relevant adventure stories are included in the curriculum to create a positive learning environment and encourage children's emotional involvement.

The purpose of implementing Community Service (PkM) is to overcome the problems faced by community service partners, namely difficulties in learning accounting for class XII SOS students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka. This activity is also a follow-up to the previous study entitled "Analysis of Difficulties in Learning Accounting for the Sub-Material of Service Company Worksheets for Class XII SOS Students at SMAK St. Darius Larantuka in the 2024/2025 Academic Year". The form of community service carried out is training and assistance in compiling worksheets for service companies. The participants involved were 20 students from class XII SOS 2. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely: 1) delivery of material regarding worksheets for service companies, 2) practice of compiling worksheets, and 3) evaluation of work results. The material was delivered collaboratively by the economics subject teacher, Mr. Abel Andisolo Sogen, S.Pd, and the community service lecturer, Mrs. Maria Fatima B. Beribe, M.Pd. In the practice stage, participants were asked to compile worksheets based on the case studies that had been submitted. During this process, participants were assisted by the service team until they achieved the expected results. To measure the participants' abilities and skills in compiling working papers, they were then asked to complete different case study questions independently. The results of the participants' work were analyzed using qualitative analysis methods, which showed an increase in understanding and skills during independent practice compared to during mentoring. This is reflected in the scores obtained by the participants, which ranged from 85 to 95, and reached the target of 90% of what the service team wanted. However, there were several participants who had difficulty in compiling working papers due to lack of accuracy in the calculations, so that the calculation results in the Balance Sheet column were not balanced.

This research aims to evaluate the grand parenting approach and its influence on the character development of elementary school children. Grand parenting, which involves grandparents in the caregiving process, plays a crucial role in shaping children's values and attitudes. The methodology employed in this study is a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and observations to assess the interactions between grandparents and their grandchildren. The findings reveal that the parenting styles implemented by grandparents significantly contribute to the character development of children, which includes aspects such as moral values, discipline, responsibility, and social skills. Furthermore, the strong emotional bonds between grandparents and grandchildren provide a sense of security and support essential for character development. This indicates the vital role of older generations in supporting children's character education and the need for increased attention to intergenerational relationships within families. This study recommends enhancing the involvement of grandparents in the educational processes of children, as well as the necessity for programs that foster intergenerational collaboration.

This study examines the application of mini-game-based pocket books as a learning medium to improve elementary school (SD) students' mathematics learning outcomes. The background of this study is based on the challenges faced by students in understanding mathematical concepts effectively, so an innovative and fun approach is needed. Mini-game pocket books offer an interactive and motivating learning method, combining educational games with academic concepts. This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific articles published in the last five years from national journals and books. The analysis process is carried out descriptively to identify research patterns, the effectiveness of learning media, and their impact on student learning outcomes. The results of the study are expected to show that mini-game pocket books are able to improve students' conceptual understanding, learning motivation, and critical thinking skills. These findings also provide insight for teachers and researchers in developing more effective and interesting learning strategies at the elementary school level.

The book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik is a guide book for learning Arabic which includes four skills in Arabic, namely speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills. In this book there are many important aspects to improve students' speaking skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method was chosen to be able to describe real phenomena without any engineering involved. The data source in this research is Arabic Language and Culture students at Al Azhar University Indonesia. The problem discussed in this research is measuring the effectiveness of the book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik in speaking proficiency. The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of using the Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik book in speaking proficiency. The results of this research are related to the components of book content, the role of the teacher, and the role of students in speaking proficiency in the Arabic language learning process.

The book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik is a guide book for learning Arabic which includes four skills in Arabic, namely speaking skills, listening skills, reading skills and writing skills. In this book there are many important aspects to improve students' speaking skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method was chosen to be able to describe real phenomena without any engineering involved. The data source in this research is Arabic Language and Culture students at Al Azhar University Indonesia. The problem discussed in this research is measuring the effectiveness of the book Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik in speaking proficiency. The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of using the Al Arabiyah Baina Yadaik book in speaking proficiency. The results of this research are related to the components of book content, the role of the teacher, and the role of students in speaking proficiency in the Arabic language learning process.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

Students critical thinking skills cannot develop appropriately if in the learning process, the teacher is not active. Therefore, to improve students' critical thinking skills, a teacher should choose and use strategies, approaches, and methods techniques that involve students actively in learning, both in manner mental, physical, and social. One alternative learning that provides opportunities for students to develop students' critical thinking skills in problem solving is problem-based learning. This research was a research study literature examining related journal application of problem-based learning to improve critical thinking skills. The findings of this study included: (1) the implementation of PBL has the potential to help students motivate and provide learning experiences; and (2) PBL implementation is very useful in improving students' critical thinking skills, provided that teachers and students can apply each stage of PBL well.

This study aims to describe the teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. From pedagogical and sociological studies. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method. The results of this study indicate that the teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW is a perfect example in educating and conveying Islamic teachings. The teaching method of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Including by example, teaching in stages, through advice, dialogue and questions and answers, parables, demonstrations, and rewards and punishments. Pedagogically, the teacher is a source of values, of course he is a person who must always be obeyed and followed, while the obligation of students is to respect their teachers, sociologically, education should form good morals, and provide skills and knowledge that are useful in everyday life. Soft skill development is highly prioritized in the process of a person's education.   Keywords: teaching methods, pedagogical, sociological

This article discusses improving speaking skills in undergraduate PGSD students at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar (Unismuh Makassar), especially in Advanced Indonesian Language Learning courses. This research aims to identify the challenges faced by students in improving their speaking skills and propose solutions that can be applied in the learning process. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, which involves observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that the main challenges faced by students are lack of self-confidence, limited vocabulary, and the inability to organize arguments systematically. The proposed solutions include the application of effective communication techniques, the use of technology-based learning media, and the habit of speaking in public to increase self-confidence. It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution to the development of speaking skills of PGSD students at Unismuh Makassar, as well as becoming a reference for teaching Indonesian in tertiary institutions.