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Critical thinking, like a double-edged sword, has become a vital tool in this tumultuous information era. On the one hand, it equips individuals with the ability to sort out accurate and reliable information amidst a sea of ​​hoaxes and manipulation. On the other hand, it opens the gates to analytical, logical and structured thinking, enabling mature and responsible decision-making. More than just a cognitive process, critical thinking is an art that requires practice and persistence. This abstract aims to dive into the sea of ​​critical thinking, examine its important elements, and explore its benefits in various aspects of life. Critical thinking is like a moral compass in the information age. By honing this ability, individuals can navigate the sea of ​​information with confidence, avoid the traps of hoaxes and manipulation, and move towards a brighter future.

The incident of residents on Rempang Island rejecting the development of the Rempang Eco-city Project certainly raises many questions for the general public in viewing this problem. With the publication of Coordinating Ministerial Decree Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Third Amendment to Coordinating Ministerial Decree Number 7 of 2021 concerning Amendments to the List of National Strategic Projects, the public is in the spotlight to find out what processes and laws and regulations regulate each process and stage. To study this in more depth, it is necessary to carry out a Juridical Analysis of the Allocation of land in Forest Areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on Rempang Island to be able to find out the legal arrangements, implementation, obstacles and solutions for allocating land in forest areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on the Island. Eccentric. The research method used is a normative and juridical approach, which focuses on doctrinal legal research and refers to legal norms contained in applicable laws and regulations as a normative basis, so this research emphasizes secondary data sources, both in the form of theories- legal theory and through interviews with sources or parties related to the problems to be researched above. All data obtained is then processed, analyzed and interpreted logically, systematically using deductive methods. The results of research on the allocation of land in forest areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on Rempang Island based on applicable laws and regulations are not justified and BP Batam will not be able to use and utilize all or part of its land either for its own use or in collaboration with other parties because BP Batam's authority as the holder of Management Rights will only arise after the issuance of a Management Rights Certificate from the Batam City National Land Agency Office, it is not permitted to carry out new development and development in forest areas before changes to the designation and function of forest areas are made, and if it is on land that will be granted Rights Management still has land/buildings/plants belonging to the people, so compensation for losses and relocation of residents to new residential areas must be carried out first on the basis of deliberation. The author hopes that from the research that has been carried out, the government can create legal products that create a sense of justice for society and can turn the results of this research into useful knowledge for parties facing similar legal problems.

Combinatorial optimization is a fundamental area in operations research and computer science, focusing on identifying optimal solutions from a finite set of possibilities. This study explores the integration of branch and bound methods with heuristic algorithms to address optimization problems in graph theory and discrete mathematics. Python was employed for algorithm implementation due to its flexibility and comprehensive computational libraries, enabling efficient data analysis and visualization. Several benchmark problems were examined, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), and Graph Coloring. Simulations were conducted using datasets of varying sizes (small, medium, and large) to evaluate performance across different scales. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves a balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, outperforming brute-force methods in terms of speed while maintaining near-optimal accuracy. Tabulated results and graphical comparisons highlight the reduction in computation time and improved scalability of the proposed method. The findings suggest that combining systematic search strategies with heuristics offers a practical and effective framework for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Recommendations for future research include testing scalability with larger datasets, incorporating advanced metaheuristics, and applying the approach to real-world domains such as logistics and network design.

The influence of early mathematics learning and learning motivation on student learning outcomes is very significant [1]. Students' numeracy literacy skills need to be supported by the ability to learn mathematics as early as possible. Advanced mathematics learning needs to be supported by good arithmetic skills. Every learning process is expected to produce good learning outcomes. Conventional mathematics learning is difficult for low-level students to understand. Guidebooks that are in accordance with the learning curriculum tend to present mathematical concepts that are textual. In order for mathematics learning to be more interesting for students, it is necessary to develop learning media that are easily accessible to students and educators. One application that can be used is interactive Powerpoint [2]. In this community service, a learning media about arithmetic was developed that underlies every logic of calculation in advanced mathematics. Assistance was given to students in grade III of elementary school, with the pretest method, presentation of material using interactive Powerpoint media, and posttest. The validation test of the learning media was carried out by educators by providing an average test result of 84.36%. The results of this community service state that arithmetic learning media using interactive Powerpoint can be used in grade III of elementary school.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of loan to deposit ratio and growth opportunity to the condition of banking financial performance. The population of this study is banking companies. The total sample of this study includes 180 samples from 45 companies for a 4-year research period. The research variables used are loan to deposit ratio, growth opportunity, return on assets, and size. The analysis technique used multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results showed that loan to deposit ratio is able to positively effect on return on assets, while growth opportunity has not been able to effect on return on assets.

Effective and efficient logistics management at the Nutrition Installation is an important factor in ensuring the availability and quality of food for patients. This study aims to analyze logistics management in nutritional installations. The method used is the content analysis method by searching 10 reviews in various health journal sources in Indonesia for the past 10 years. The results of an integrated literature review explain that logistics management in the Nutrition Installation ensures the availability and quality of food for patients. Logistics management includes storage systems, distribution systems, budget systems required annually or monthly. Several logistics management processes in each hospital are different but run well, even though there are many shortcomings. Logistics management at Nutritional Installations is carried out optimally by increasing the accuracy of planning food needs, procuring food ingredients appropriately, improving food storage standards, timely distribution of food, and carrying out regular monitoring and evaluation, making it easier for health workers to carry out their duties and minimize undesirable events.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

This study aims to analyze the impact of administering commercial probiotic bacteria on the wastewater from tofu industries on changes in Bio-logical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels. Tofu industry wastewater is known to have high BOD and low DO levels, which pose a potential environmental pollution risk. This study used a pure experimental method with variables including the ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) with an incubation interval of 8 hours. The results showed that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria significantly reduced BOD levels and increased DO levels in the wastewater. The 1:3 ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. An incubation time of 32 hours showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. The 1:3 volume ratio between tofu wastewater and probiotics (25% tofu wastewater and 75% probiotics) proved to be the most effective, with the highest DO increase of 2.51 mg/L and the largest BOD decrease of 144.20 mg/L. In addition, incubation time also had a significant effect, the longer the incubation time, the more optimal the probiotic activity in reducing BOD levels and increasing DO levels. The conclusion of this study is that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria at a 1:3 ratio and an incubation time of 32 hours is an effective way to improve the quality of tofu industry wastewater.

This research aims to predict customer churn in a telecommunications company using Logistic Regression (LR) and Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC) algorithms. Customer churn poses a significant challenge as acquiring new customers is costlier than retaining existing ones. The dataset from Kaggle comprises 7043 records and 21 attributes. The process includes data pre-processing, cleaning, transformation, and normalization using a Min-Max Scaler. The data is split into features (X) and target (y), then divided into training and testing sets with an 80:20 ratio. Both models were trained and evaluated using a confusion matrix. Results show that the GBC model outperforms the LR model, with an accuracy of 83% compared to LR's 81%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of GBC in predicting customer churn.

Gas Sulfur adalah salah satu polutan berbahaya bagi manusia. Akibat utama polutan (SO2) terhadap manusia adalah terjadinya iritasi pada sistem pernafasan. Terutama kesehatan bagi usia lanjut dan penderita yang mengalami penyakit kronis pada sistem pernafasan dan kardiovaskular yang sangat sensitif jika kontak dengan (SO2). Sehingga pada penelitian ini perlu adanya sebuah rancang sistem monitoring kadar gas sulfur dioksida (SO2), suhu dan kelembaban pada ruangan. Sistem monitoring ini menggunakan sensor MQ-136 sebagai pendeteksi kadar gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) dengan satuan ppm dan sensor DHT11 sebagai pendeteksi suhu dan kelembapan pada ruangan. Hasil pembacaan kedua sensor tersebut akan diproses melalui Modul Wifi ESP32 dengan mempunyai output Aplikasi BLYNK dan Google Spreadsheet. Sementara output Exhaust Fan menyala sesuai dengan ketentuan Fuzzy Logic Mamdani.

René Descartes' rationalism has an important role in forming the foundations of modern logic, which is the basis for success in critical and analytical thinking in the 21st century. Descartes, through the method of systematic doubt and cogito ergo sum, emphasized the importance of rational thinking and logical reasoning as the main tools in acquiring knowledge. In the context of 21st century education, Descartes' principles are applied in a curriculum that encourages students to think critically, evaluate arguments logically, and solve complex problems through an analytical approach. By adopting Descartes' approach, modern education focuses not only on the transfer of knowledge, but also on the development of deep and structured thinking skills, which are essential to face global challenges and continuously developing technology. Descartes' rationalism, therefore, provides a strong foundation for the success of logic and critical thinking in the contemporary era.    

Government policy changes and drug price fluctuations related to e-catalog can affect drug costs and types purchased between 2022 and 2023. This research aimed to analyze the differences in drug procurement using the e-catalog system and its interaction with hospital financial and operational variables. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to understand the dynamics of drug procurement at Pharmacy Department of X Hospital through the e-catalog system between 2022 and 2023. This research evaluated changes in purchasing volume, costs, cost efficiency, and service speed. Quantitative data were obtained from e-catalog documentation, focusing on the types, volumes, and prices of chronic medications, as well as BPJS claims. Statistical analysis was used to compare the study periods, while qualitative data from in-depth interviews with 15 respondents, observations and document analysis enriched the understanding of procurement process changes through data triangulation analysis.  The results demonstrated an increased use of e-catalog, with policy changes leading to supplier diversification and price flexibility. Quantitative findings indicated a 25% increase in the volume of drug purchases through the e-catalog from 2022 to 2023, accompanied by a 15% reduction in average drug prices due to heightened competition among suppliers. Additionally, procurement efficiency improved by 30%, as reflected in the reduction of the procurement cycle time from 45 days to 31 days. These findings indicated shifting needs and procurement strategies, affecting budget efficiency and the speed of fulfilling drug requirements. In conclusion, strategic adaptations and ongoing evaluations in managing e-catalog are essential to address financial and logistical challenges, ensuring patient satisfaction and drug availability.    

This research aims to analyze the influence of auditor specialization, audit committee, financial distress,and audit capacity stress of 38 consumer goods industry listed companies on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023. The data used is secondary data by downloading data from the official website of the Indonesian stock exchange and the official website of the related company. The data collection method uses a purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria. Logistic regression techniques were used for the analysis method in this research. The result of the hypothesis test show that auditor specialization and audit capacity stress had effect on audit quality. In contrast, audit committee and financial distress are had no effect on audit quality.    

Human resource management that has been applied in the management of the Islamic Malahayati Hospital is very good so that the Islamic Malahayati Hospital gets a different assessment compared to other hospitals in Medan which implemented the integrated ISO 9001;2008 management system. This study aims to determine how the existing resource management in the Islamic Malahayati Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were all nurses at Islamic Malahayati  Hospital as many as 190 civil servant nurses with a sample of 129 people. The sampling technique in this study used proportional random sampling. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. There is a relationship between recruitment and selection (p-value = 0.000), training and promotion (p- value 0.000), job appraisal, and salary management (p values = 0.000), with the performance of nurses at the Islamic Malahayati Hospital. Promotion and training have the greatest relationship with nurse performance with an OR value of 15,934. It is recommended to the hospital to increase the training and promotion of health workers, especially by involving more employees, in this case, nurses in training activities or increasing their capacity, and it is necessary to have a promotion or increase in positions that are in accordance with the work of nurses so that nurses are more active and more motivated in improving their performance while working in the hospital.    

PT. Danatrans Service Logistics has website-based information media, but the website only displays the services offered and if a customer wants to ask, they have to retype the PT email address. Danatrans Service Logistics will of course take quite a long time, so it will reduce the quality of service provided to customers via the website. This research has succeeded in developing the PT website. Danatrans Service Logistics with chat facilities between customers and the Billing, Customer Service, Document Requirements, Delivery, Emergency Services, Security & Insurance and Shipping Costs sections at PT. Danatrans Service Logistics so that it can improve the quality of customer service. Another feature in this research is chat statistics and chat grouping between admin and PT customers. Danatrans Service Logistics

The creation of the internet, which is used to make human life easier, has become a new problem because it has given rise to cyber crime in cyberspace. One of the cyber crimes currently developing is cyber terrorism. This research examines the crime of cyber terrorism from the perspective of the perpetrator's criminal responsibility according to national laws in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a normative juridical legal research method that is perspective based on literature study. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis techniques using deductive logical reasoning. The research results show that the term cyber terrorism crime has not been mentioned grammatically in national legislation. However, several articles in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions contain the substance of cyber terrorism crimes, namely Article 28 paragraph (2), Article 28 paragraph (3), Article 31 and Article 33. The legal subject, namely the perpetrator in this article, is "Person" which means an individual or legal entity/corporation. All of these articles contain elements of "acts against the law" whose substance corresponds to the crime of cyber terrorism. So that a person or legal entity that commits acts in accordance with this article can be held criminally responsible. The legal sanction for this crime is imprisonment and/or a fine.

An Employee Attendance And Data Management System Based On Rfid Technology And Api Communication Has Been Successfully Developed And Tested With Satisfactory Results. The Problem Faced Is The Weakness Of Traditional Attendance Methods Which Are Susceptible To Human Error And Time Consuming, Hampering The Productivity And Effectiveness Of Company Operations. The Aim Of Developing This System Is To Increase Efficiency And Accuracy In Recording Employee Attendance. The Method Used In This Research Is The Waterfall Method, Which Includes The Stages Of Requirements Analysis, System Design, Implementation, Testing And Maintenance. At The Needs Analysis Stage, Identification And Documentation Of The Desired Attendance System Requirements Are Carried Out. The System Design Phase Involves Designing The Hardware And Software Architecture, Including The Use Of Rfid With Components Such As The Esp8266, Buzzer, And Rc522 As Well As Integration With The Server Via Api. Implementation Is Carried Out By Developing Hardware And Software According To The Design That Has Been Created. Testing Is Carried Out On Hardware Components To Ensure Function According To Specifications And Hardware-Software Integration To Ensure Smooth Communication Without Delays Or Loss Of Data. Business Logic Testing Ensures The System Detects Absences And Performs Automatic Salary Deductions According To Company Policy. The Data Export Module Was Developed To Export Attendance, Member, Division And Salary Data To An Excel File With The Appropriate Format. The Results Show That The Hardware Components Function Well, Able To Read And Send Rfid Data To The Server Accurately. Hardware And Software Integration Via Api Runs Smoothly, Enabling Real-Time Two-Way Communication. Business Logic Testing Shows That The System Can Detect Employee Absences And Perform Automatic Salary Deductions With High Accuracy. The Data Export Module Proved Effective, Allowing Users To Export Data To An Excel File In An Easily Accessible Format For Further Analysis Or Reporting. The Conclusion Of This Research Is That The Employee Attendance And Data Management System Based On Rfid And Api Technology Has Been Proven To Increase Efficiency And Accuracy In The Employee Attendance And Attendance Management Process. This System Offers A Modern And Effective Solution Compared To Traditional Attendance Methods, Providing Significant Flexibility And Ease Of Access. The Implementation Of This Technology Makes An Important Contribution In The Field Of Human Resource Management, Optimizing Productivity And Operational Effectiveness Of The Company.

Education in the digital era requires strong integration of computer programming in the educational curriculum. Programming algorithms are the main key in developing critical thinking and problem solving skills among students. The Merdeka Curriculum reinforces the importance of teaching programming algorithms as part of a curriculum that is flexible and adaptive to meet future demands. This research explores the benefits of programming algorithm strategies in the Merdeka Curriculum, including improving students' analytical, logical and systematic abilities, as well as their preparation for challenges in the digital era.

The sharia economy offers a different approach from conventional economics, prioritizing the principles of justice, transparency, and sustainability. In the sharia economic system, there are various instruments that must be understood in depth by the actors. One of these instruments is sharia tax or known as Al-Kharaj. Al-Kharaj is a type of tax levied on land conquered by Muslims and administered by the government. This concept not only contains financial aspects but also has high social values and justice. This community service activity uses a lecture and discussion method aimed at STIE Ganesha Semester 4 Regular A. Management S1 students A. This activity is prepared for approximately 3 (three) months which includes the preparation, planning and implementation stages. The implementation of the activity was carried out for 1 (one) day, where the PKM team consisted of 4 (four) STIE Ganesha dsen and 8 (eight) students, where the lecturer was responsible for compiling the material and giving lectures, while students assisted in logistics and documentation to ensure that the activity ran smoothly and effectively. With a clear and interactive presentation, the lecture session succeeded in providing participants with a deep understanding of Al-Kharaj sharia tax  and with an interactive and collaborative atmosphere, the discussion session succeeded in deepening the participants' understanding and giving them the opportunity to apply the concepts they have learned in practical situations.