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This study explores the integration of blockchain technology with federated learning (FL) to enhance cross-organizational healthcare analytics while ensuring privacy and data security. Federated learning allows multiple institutions to collaboratively train machine learning models without sharing sensitive patient data. Instead, local data is used to train models, and only model parameters are exchanged. However, privacy concerns and data sharing inefficiencies have hindered broader healthcare collaboration. Blockchain, a decentralized ledger technology, addresses these concerns by ensuring data integrity and transparency, providing an immutable and tamper-proof record of all transactions. This study investigates how the combination of blockchain and federated learning can overcome these challenges, facilitating secure and efficient data sharing between healthcare institutions. The study uses synthetic multi-institution healthcare datasets to simulate real-world collaboration scenarios. The blockchain-enabled federated learning system ensures that no raw patient data is shared, significantly reducing the risk of privacy breaches while still allowing healthcare institutions to collaborate on predictive model development. The results show that while there is a slight decrease in model accuracy compared to centralized methods, the trade-off is outweighed by the privacy and security benefits. Blockchain’s integration ensures that model updates are transparent, enhancing trust between institutions and reducing concerns about data integrity. Moreover, the use of blockchain’s smart contracts automates and enforces compliance, further streamlining collaboration. This research contributes to the field by demonstrating how blockchain-integrated federated learning can create a secure, scalable, and privacy-preserving framework for collaborative healthcare analytics. The findings underscore the potential for this approach to enhance healthcare outcomes and improve decision-making across institutions while ensuring patient data protection.

This research aims to examine the implementation of Betawi cultural education in elementary school learning at SDN Karangantu to enhance students' cultural awareness. Using qualitative descriptive methods through observation, interviews, and documentation, this study investigates how Betawi cultural elements are integrated into the curriculum and their impact on students' understanding of local heritage. The research was conducted over three months involving 120 students from grades 1-6 and 8 teachers. Findings reveal that incorporating Betawi cultural elements such as traditional songs, folklore, and arts significantly improves students' cultural appreciation and identity formation. The study recommends systematic integration of local cultural content in elementary education curricula to preserve cultural heritage while enhancing educational quality.

This study examined the effectiveness of applying the Logan Avenue Problem Solving (LAPS-Heuristic) learning model on mathematics learning outcomes among Class VII students at Wusto Imam An-Nasai Gowa using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The population consisted of all seventh-grade students enrolled in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. A learning outcome test was employed as the primary research instrument to measure students’ performance before and after the implementation of the learning model. The data analysis involved descriptive statistical methods combined with gain tests to assess the extent of improvement. The findings revealed that students’ mathematics achievement fell predominantly within the very high category, with 53.85% of learners classified in this range, indicating a notable increase in category levels compared to their pretest performance. Furthermore, the percentage of students who successfully met the required minimum competency standards after the application of the LAPS-Heuristic model reached 96.15%. This outcome clearly illustrates that the vast majority of students—over 85%—achieved or exceeded the established passing threshold, suggesting that the integration of the LAPS-Heuristic approach was highly effective in enhancing mathematics learning outcomes. Overall, the results underscore that the LAPS-Heuristic learning model can serve as a practical and impactful strategy to improve student engagement, comprehension, and mastery of mathematical concepts in junior high school settings.

The integration of autonomous systems in traffic management has become increasingly important as urban populations and vehicle numbers continue to rise, leading to significant congestion. Traditional traffic signal control systems, which rely on fixed timing, are no longer sufficient to handle the dynamic and complex nature of urban traffic. To address these challenges, the proposed explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework aims to optimize traffic signal control by dynamically adjusting traffic signals based on real-time data. This approach enhances traffic flow efficiency, reduces congestion, and improves overall system performance. The framework leverages Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, which enables real-time data exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, and other road users, extending the perception range of autonomous vehicles and providing valuable insights for traffic signal optimization. Additionally, the integration of smart infrastructure, such as smart intersections, plays a crucial role in enabling adaptive traffic management and facilitating better coordination across multiple intersections. One of the key advantages of the proposed system is its transparency, achieved through the implementation of explainable AI (XAI) techniques. These mechanisms provide clear insights into the decision-making processes, ensuring that traffic management authorities and system users can understand the rationale behind the system’s decisions. Although challenges such as data accuracy, scalability, and cybersecurity risks remain, the proposed DRL framework shows great promise in revolutionizing traffic management systems. Future research directions include enhancing data collection methods, improving the scalability of the system for larger cities, and further developing explainability features to improve trust and adoption in real-world applications.

Student learning engagement plays a crucial role in character development, especially at the elementary school level. To foster a positive learning environment and encourage active participation, active learning approaches based on games are considered effective. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the active learning model using word-building games and the learning engagement of third-grade students at SDN 3 Jepang, Kudus Regency. The research was motivated by the low level of student participation, which is still dominated by conventional teaching methods. A correlational quantitative approach was used, with a population consisting of all 20 third-grade students, who were also taken as the sample through total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure learning engagement and observation of the implementation of the word-building game model. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality testing, and since one of the variables was not normally distributed, the data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed a correlation coefficient of r = -0.097 with a significance value of 0.686 (> 0.05), indicating no significant relationship between the word-building game model and student engagement. Other factors such as individual learning styles or classroom atmosphere may influence student engagement. Nonetheless, this model still holds potential and should be further developed to align with elementary students' characteristics.

Mastery of English as an international language is an international language is an important need in the word of education, including at the elementary school level. However, the monotonous and less varied learning processes often causes low interest and motivation of  students in learning English. This Community Service Activity (PKM) was carried out in class V at SDN Roworeke 2 with 11 students which aims to improve the quality of English learning trough the use of media and fun learning techniques. The methods used included demonstration, question and answer methods as well as the use of activite learning techniques such as educational games and songs. The result of the activity showed an uncrease in student enthusiasm and participation in learning, this activity was also able to increase interest and motivation in learning English.

This research aims to review the teaching tools used at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Kota Padang in order to support the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Observations were carried out for two months, focusing on analysis of learning documents, interviews with teachers, and direct observation of the learning process in the classroom. Observation results show that the teaching tools at MAN 2 Padang City have been prepared in accordance with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, including teaching modules, student worksheets, and formative assessments that support differentiated learning. The teachers at this madrasa show good adaptability to curriculum changes, by applying varied and contextual learning methods. Students also show a positive response to learning that is more interactive and relevant to everyday life. However, several challenges were found, such as the need for further training for teachers and the provision of more diverse learning resources. Overall, the teaching tools at MAN 2 Padang City support a more meaningful and student-centered learning process, in line with the objectives of the Independent Curriculum.  

Mastery of English as an international language is an international language is an important need in the word of education, including at the elementary school level. However, the monotonous and less varied learning processes often causes low interest and motivation of  students in learning English. This Community Service Activity (PKM) was carried out in class V at SDN Roworeke 2 with 11 students which aims to improve the quality of English learning trough the use of media and fun learning techniques. The methods used included demonstration, question and answer methods as well as the use of activite learning techniques such as educational games and songs. The result of the activity showed an uncrease in student enthusiasm and participation in learning, this activity was also able to increase interest and motivation in learning English.

In the teaching and learning process, teachers have the task of encouraging guiding and providing learning facilities for students to achieve their goals. On of the factors that influences interest in learning is teacher creativity. This study aims to determine teacher Creativity in improving learning at SDK MBOMBA This study takes a qualitative approach. One of the Teachers creative abilities in learning is creating aids in the form of family cards. The descriptive nature of this study makes teacher creativity very involved. Data collection in this study includes observation, documentation studies and analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are four key components in the development of this qualitative study related to teacher creativity in improving the quality of SDK MBOMBA learning, such as teacher creativity in understanding learning materials that will be taught creativity in managing the classroom environment, creativity in using various learning methods and teacher creativity in use of learning media.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mathematics learning implementation at SMK Negeri 6 Padang, reviewed from three main stages: preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection techniques include participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, as well as documentation. The research instruments consist of observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that during the preliminary stage, teachers have conducted apperception but have not yet optimally implemented diagnostic assessments. The core activities are still dominated by conventional methods without the integration of contextual approaches or educational technology. The closing activities fully reflect in-depth reflection and are accompanied by adequate follow-up learning.Overall, the effectiveness of mathematics learning implementation at SMK Negeri 6 Padang is 77.77% in grade X and 77.77% in grade XI, which falls into the effective category. It is necessary to develop innovative learning strategies, utilize technology-based learning media, and enhance student engagement to make the learning process more active, meaningful, and aligned with the needs of vocational education.

This study aims to describe the implementation of mathematics learning based on the Independent Curriculum at MAN 2 Kota Padang, focusing on teacher-student interaction and the overall effectiveness of the learning process. The observation covered three main phases: introductory, core, and closing activities. A phenomenological approach was applied using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through direct classroom observations, interviews with mathematics teachers and students, as well as analysis of teaching documents. Instruments included Yes-No questionnaires, interview guidelines, and documentation review. The findings indicate that the learning process aligns with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, as reflected in the varied instructional strategies, active student engagement, and teacher readiness in applying learning modules. The effectiveness of learning was very high, with 95.21% in grade X and 92.99% in grade XI. Challenges included limited time and lack of participation from some students. Overall, the learning process fostered an active, meaningful environment that supports character development.

Expository learning is a teaching strategy that emphasizes direct, systematic, and structured delivery of content from teacher to students. Although it is considered efficient in conveying factual and procedural knowledge, its effectiveness in supporting 21st-century learning demanding active participation and critical thinking is still debated. This study aims to critically examine the effectiveness of expository learning through a literature review of national journals published between 2017 and 2025. The method used is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach and content analysis technique. The findings reveal that expository learning is effective across educational levels for conceptual material, but its weakness lies in limited student engagement. Supporting factors such as teacher competence, instructional media, and student readiness significantly influence its success. This study also finds that expository learning remains relevant when combined with interactive methods such as discussions and projects. Practically, teachers are encouraged to design more adaptive expository learning to maintain its effectiveness in today’s educational context.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of evaluation and assessment in mathematics learning at MAN 1 Padang, focusing on the gap between the ideal expectations and the reality in the classroom. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with mathematics teachers of grades 10, 11, and 12 conducted in May 2025, this study analyzes the evaluation practices, challenges encountered, and the alignment between expectations and actual practice. The results indicate that mathematics evaluation is still dominated by written tests that inadequately measure students' comprehensive abilities, while time constraints, conventional teaching methods, and low student participation remain significant obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more varied and authentic evaluation instruments and enhance teachers' capacity through training to make assessments more effective in supporting the achievement of comprehensive and sustainable mathematics learning objectives.

This community service activity aims to introduce financial literacy from an early age to children in Siantar Narumonda Village through an interactive and educational tutoring program. Financial literacy is an important skill that must be instilled from an early age so that children are able to manage their finances wisely in the future. This activity uses a qualitative descriptive approach to describe the execution process systematically. The program was implemented by students of the Tarutung State Christian Institute as part of the Community Service and Service Lecture (KPPM), targeting 35 children aged 1–12 years. The program was implemented for one month and two weeks, three times a week. The material presented was in five main topics: the importance of financial literacy, tips for managing finances, saving, getting to know money and how to manage it, and getting to know banks and financial institutions. The delivery of the material was carried out through fun methods such as games, simulations, short stories, and group discussions. Evaluation was carried out through participant observation, question and answer sessions, and visual documentation. The results of the activity showed that the children experienced an increase in understanding of the basic concepts of financial literacy and began to apply positive habits in managing finances. This activity is also a means of meaningful learning for implementing students. With an interesting and structured approach, this activity provides significant educational and social impacts. Early financial literacy has proven effective in forming a generation that is financially intelligent and responsible in managing economic resources.

This study aims to improve the quality of learning at SD Negeri 060915, Medan Sunggal District, through the implementation of a participatory learning approach using Participatory Action Research (PAR). The background of the study is based on the low level of student engagement in classroom activities and the teacher’s reliance on traditional lecture methods, which hinder active student participation. This classroom action research was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and formative assessments. The results showed that the participatory learning approach had a positive impact on increasing student engagement, collaboration in group work, and academic performance, as indicated by an increase in the average student score from 66.4 in the first cycle to 77.2 in the second cycle. Teachers also improved their role as facilitators, and the classroom environment became more interactive and student-centered. The study concludes that the participatory approach is effective in creating an active, collaborative, and meaningful learning environment in elementary education.

This research discusses the comparison of Mandarin curriculum in six ASEAN member countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Mandarin is increasingly considered strategic in the ASEAN region as economic, educational and cultural ties with China increase. However, teaching approaches and curriculum policies in each country show significant variations. This research uses the literature review method to analyze the policies, curriculum structure, teaching methods, and challenges faced in each country. The results show that Singapore and Malaysia have the most structured and responsive approaches, while countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines still face various barriers in the provision of learning infrastructure and teaching staff. This study recommends the importance of regional collaboration in the development of curriculum standards, teacher training, and the development of contextualized teaching materials so that the quality of Chinese language learning in the ASEAN region can be improved equally.

This research is motivated by the low enthusiasm and participation of students in social studies learning which is considered boring due to the lack of facilities and less varied learning methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence and magnitude of the influence of the Example Non Examples learning model on improving the argumentation skills of grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Srengat. This study used a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental Nonequivalent Control Group design. The research sample consisted of 30 control class students and 27 experimental class students selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and learning outcome tests, then analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test and Effect Size tests. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the Example Non Examples learning model on improving students' argumentation skills, with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Cohen's d test showed a value of 6.140 which indicated a large influence. These findings indicate that the Example Non Examples model is effective in improving students' argumentation skills in social studies subjects, so it can be used as an alternative learning model to create more active and meaningful learning.

This article discusses the implementation of movement and dance arts learning in Smart and Cheerful PAUD as an effort to optimize early childhood development. Movement and dance arts activities have been proven to have a positive impact on gross and fine motor skills, creativity, social-emotional, and children's self-expression. This study used observation and ability test methods on children's participation in art activities. The results showed that most children were able to follow simple dance movements, recognize musical rhythms, dare to perform, and demonstrate good body coordination. Movement and dance arts learning not only supports physical and emotional growth, but also strengthens children's love for local culture. Therefore, movement and dance arts need to be made an integral part of the PAUD curriculum in a structured and enjoyable way, so that they can have a holistic impact on children's development.

This study aims to examine the implementation of kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence learning in early childhood. The background of this research is the importance of developing multiple intelligences in early childhood, especially kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence which often receive less attention in formal learning. The research methods used include limited participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work and lesson planning documents. The results of the research at TKIT Siti Khadijah show that the learning activities designed consistently support the development of children's multiple intelligences. A case study of a child named Abbil showed significant progress in visual-spatial intelligence through coloring activities, assembling lego blocks, and basic introduction to visual programming. In the kinesthetic aspect, Abbil showed good body coordination through morning exercises and traditional games such as engklek, as well as social-kinesthetic skills in group games. This study concludes that developing kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence through a holistic and fun learning approach can help children reach their full potential.

This study examines the teacher's efforts in fostering learning motivation in students with disabilities at SLB Samudra Terra Athena. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods, with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation during the research. The results showed that the strategies used by teachers in fostering learning motivation of students with intellectual disabilities include an individualized approach, the use of customized learning media, providing positive reinforcement, and building emotional closeness with students. These strategies are proven to increase students' engagement and interest in learning. This finding confirms the importance of teacher creativity in creating personalized and empathic learning approaches in special education.