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Idayatul Khasanah (190701009). Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed by Gender. This study aims to determine the Differences in Optimism in Students of SMA NU 2 Gresik Reviewed from Gender. This study uses a quantitative approach, with a comparative method. Respondents in this study were students of SMA NU 2 Gresik. The sampling technique with nonprobability sampling using accidental sampling technique. A total of 110 respondents. The scale validity test uses content validity. Reliability test uses Alpha Cornbach. This study uses an optimism scale with a reliability of 0,885. Data analysis uses a different test, namely the independent sample t-test. The results of the hypothesis test show that the hypothesis of this study (Hₐ) is rejected because the Sig. (2-tailed) value is 0.076> 0.05. So, there is no significant difference in optimism in gender. The unproven hypothesis in this study can be caused by various factors that influence students' overall optimism. These factors include socio-economic conditions, the culture that applies in the student's environment, the area of residence (village or city), and social interaction patterns that are formed in schools and families.

This research uses a qualitative approach to identify societal issues that affect both individuals and communities. At SMP Negeri 17 Malang City, the principal, student representatives, PPKn teachers, and a number of students served as data sources. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data includes both primary and secondary sources. We used both formal and unstructured interviewing methods. This study's data analysis process included three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. We also used triangulation methods to assess the validity of the data. Pre-field, fieldwork, involvement during data collection, and data analysis are the phases of the study process. To define Pancasila ideals and learn how to apply them using the cooperative learning model at SMP Negeri 17 Malang City, this research set out to ascertain the role that PPKn instructors play in doing so. The study's findings demonstrated that instructors have a responsibility to care for, acknowledge, and counsel pupils who lack motivation or discipline in addition to imparting knowledge. To prevent such issues, it is recommended that future research focus more on the role PPKn instructors play in boosting students' enthusiasm to study and selecting learning models that fit the infrastructure and facility requirements.

The goal of this research is to examine the impact of organizational culture and servant leadership on employee loyalty at PT Hiend Digital Media. This research employs a descriptive quantitative method with saturated sampling as the technique for selecting the sample. The research location is at PT Hiend Digital Media, and the respondents consist of 45 employees who have worked there. The analysis methods used in this study include SPSS 22 for validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. Multiple linear regression, t-test, f-test, and determination coefficient were employed to test the hypotheses. Based on the results, it can be concluded that organizational culture has a significant positive influence on employee loyalty. However, servant leadership does not significantly influence employee loyalty at PT Hiend Digital Media. The f-test results show that employee loyalty is simultaneously influenced by organizational culture and servant leadership.

Based on observations, several cases of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) were found in nurses in the inpatient unit of RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi City during the vulnerable years 2022 to 2024. The risk of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) can cause infections such as HBV (Hepatitis B), HCV (Hepatitis C), and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of NSI in nurses in the inpatient unit of RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi City. This study is a quantitative study using an analytic survey with a cross sectional approach. The instruments used were structured questionnaires and observation sheets that were prepared based on literature review and had been tested for validity and reliability. This instrument selection was carried out to obtain data in accordance with the research objectives. The population in this study were 78 executive nurses in the inpatient unit with sampling using sampling techniques (total sampling). Data analysis used the chi-squre test to identify the determinants of the incidence of NSI. The results of this study showed the incidence of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) in nurses in the inpatient unit of RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi City who had experienced (43.6%) and who had not (56.4%). There is a relationship between K3 training and the incidence of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) (p = 0.000), work shifts with the incidence of NSI (p = 0.000), and there is no relationship between the use of PPE with the incidence of NSI (p = 0.278). It is concluded that there is a relationship between the incidence of Needle Stick Injury (NSI) in nurses at the inpatient unit of RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi City, namely K3 training and work shifts. While those that are not related, namely the use of PPE because it is not statistically significant.

This study was motivated by the existence of online tutoring users ruangguru at SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi and aims to determine how much influence online tutoring (Ruangguru) has on the learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 5 Bukittinggi. This study uses a quantitative research method with a simple regression approach. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling where the sampling is based on certain considerations, the sample of this study was students in grades 1, 2, and 3 at SMA N 5 Bukittinggi totaling 65 people. Data were obtained through a questionnaire using a Likert scale that had been tested for validity. Data validity techniques use validity and reliability tests. Statistical testers with assumption test analysis (normality and linearity), linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (F test and R2 test). Based on the analysis and data from the research results processed using the SPSS 22.0 computer program, it shows that partially it can be seen that the Variable X Ruangguru Online Learning Guidance on student learning outcomes has a constant of 19.993 and a coefficient value of 0.323 has a significance of 0.200> 0.05. It can be concluded that there is an influence of Ruangguru Online Learning Guidance on Student Learning Outcomes. Based on the Simultaneous test, the influence of Ruangguru Online Learning Guidance on Learning Outcomes is that f count 75.083> f table 2.90 and has a significant figure of 0.000 <0.05. This means that there is a Positive influence between Ruangguru Online Learning Guidance on Student Learning Outcomes at SMA N 5 Bukittinggi. With a determination coefficient value obtained of 0.544, this means that there is an influence of 29.59%, while the rest is influenced by other variables that are not studied.

In the digital era, the ability to utilize social networks and digital platforms to gain financial education and make financial decisions in accordance with sharia principles is increasingly essential. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital and digital literacy on Islamic financial literacy among Generation Z. A quantitative approach was employed, with primary data collected from 209 respondents through purposive sampling, consisting of Generation Z individuals residing in Yogyakarta. Data analysis was conducted using path analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling approach based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), utilizing the SmartPLS 3.0 software. Construct reliability testing, discriminant validity, and hypothesis testing were carried out to evaluate the relationships between variables. The results indicate that social capital and digital literacy have a positive and significant effect on Islamic financial literacy. Digital literacy enhances individuals’ access to Islamic financial information through digital media, while social capital strengthens knowledge sharing and trust within communities. These findings highlight the importance of leveraging digital technology and reinforcing community-based approaches to improve Islamic financial literacy. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the interaction between social capital, digital literacy, and Islamic financial literacy in the digital age and offers strategic insights for educational institutions and financial service providers to promote sharia-based financial literacy.

This study aims to describe the marketing strategy applied by Pondok Pesantren Tahfidzul Qur'an Darul Ulum Khulafaur Rosyidin in improving the image of the institution and attracting public interest in pesantren education. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out descriptively qualitative, with data validity testing through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests. The results showed that the marketing strategy is carried out through determining the target market tailored to the needs of the community, determining the competitive position with other institutions, as well as the marketing mix through social media promotions, brochures, superior religious activities, and active involvement of all school components including alumni. The implementation of this marketing strategy has proven effective in increasing the number of new students and forming a positive image of the institution. Excellent programs such as Tahfizhul Qur'an become the main attraction of the pesantren. Thus, a planned marketing strategy that involves all elements of the school is very important in increasing public trust in pesantren educational institutions.

Choosing the right research approach is one of the important steps that must be considered by a researcher. Researchers must choose a research approach that is in accordance with the desired data and results by considering that the research is relevant to the expected objectives, the validity and reliability of the results, the use of appropriate sources, data analysis in accordance with the research design, and other standards that make the research results quality. One approach that is often used in research by a researcher is qualitative. Qualitative research is a research approach used to understand social and cultural phenomena. Qualitative research methods allow researchers to collect in-depth and contextual data about the experiences and perceptions of individuals or groups that are sometimes different from what is seen by the eye. This article will discuss the qualitative research approach, including the types of research in the qualitative research approach. This research uses data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis to collect rich and contextual data. The results of qualitative research can be used to better understand social and cultural phenomena and can be used as a basis for developing theories and interventions.

In maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era, it is very important to remember that personal data can be used by unauthorized parties for various purposes. This is like the notary profession which is now required to be able to maintain the security of each client's data. Notaries can participate in recording important digital documents, such as deeds and contracts, which can help prevent manipulation. Due to the problems that occur, of course the role of the notary in maintaining data security must be considered, especially in transactions and legal documents. Even though the digital world has changed the way many transactions are carried out, the role of notaries still plays an important role in ensuring the validity, integrity and security of digital documents. Notaries can witness and certify contracts and digital legal documents, making them legally valid. The aim of this research is to explain and analyze the role of notaries in maintaining the security of personal data in the digital era. The approach used in this research is a juridical-empirical approach. The results of this research are that the role of notaries in maintaining data security in the digital era has an important role in validating digital signatures. By verifying identity and ensuring that digital signatures are valid, notaries help ensure security in digital transactions. In addition, notaries can also provide digital certificates that confirm the validity of digital signatures and electronic documents. This certificate is a strong proof of authentication. This is proof that the Notary ensures that digital transactions comply with applicable laws, including data privacy regulations and cyber security regulations. This helps keep data secure.

This research discusses the implications of Autocratic Legalism Practices for Democracy, Legality and Justice in Law no. 17 of 2023 concerning Health. This research aims to analyze whether the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia will have a direct impact on weakening the democratic system adopted by Indonesia. Autocratic legalism describes a person who has power at the legislative, executive and judicial levels by using hidden methods and hiding behind the law to take advantage of people's sovereignty and abandon the principles of constitutionalism, so the problem formulation of this analysis is how the practice of autocratic legalism has an impact on weakening democracy. and how the characteristics of autocratic legalism can impact the validity and fairness of legislative regulations. The benefit of the results of this analysis of autocratic legalism is to find out to what extent the practice of autocratic legalism in Indonesia threatens the principles of constitutionalism and has the potential to develop and spread widely in society and of course will have a negative impact on the democratic system and the validity and fairness of laws and regulations. This legal research uses normative juridical methods, namely based on the main legal materials in the form of theories, concepts, principles and statutory regulations related to the writing of this journal.

This study presents a description of the role of persuasive communication carried out by parents in shaping a child’s positive self-concept. The research used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. Purposive sampling was applied to ensure the validity of the data. The findings of the study include: the use of praise and appreciation, time management, utilizing technology as a means of communication, persuasive communication patterns based on Islamic values, and the role of the school environment. The success of parents' persuasive communication lies in the use of gentle and appreciative communication, effective time management despite busy schedules, and the consistent integration of Islamic values both at home and in school.

This study aims to analyze the effect of work discipline and work motivation on employee performance in the project section of the Lift Escalator Service division of PT. Jaya Kencana, Central Jakarta, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative method, with data collection techniques through primary and secondary data. Data analysis includes validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, simple and multiple linear regression tests, as well as t-tests and F-tests. The results of the study indicate that partially, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression equation of Y = 23.998 + 0.409 X1, where the t-count value is 9.019> t-table 1.65263 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Work motivation also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with the regression equation Y = 19.944 + 0.437 X2, where the t-count value is 8.450> t-table 1.6526 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Simultaneously, work discipline and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with the regression equation Y = 17.200 + 0.292 X₁ + 0.289 X₂, where the F-count value is 61.283> F-table 3.04 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. The correlation coefficient value of 0.620 and the determination coefficient of 38.5% indicate that work discipline and work motivation together explain the variation in employee performance by 38.5%.

This study aims to determine the effect of Discipline and Motivation on Employee Performance at PLTU Pangkalan Susu Sejahtera. The research was conducted at PLTU Pangkalan Susu Sejahtera with a total of 48 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling, so the sample size was 48 respondents. The results of the validity and reliability tests indicate that each question item produced from the questionnaire data is valid and reliable. The data quality tests, namely the normality test, show that the data is normally and significantly distributed. Furthermore, the multicollinearity test also indicates no multicollinearity, as the Tolerance value is >10 and the VIF value is <10. Meanwhile, the heteroscedasticity test shows that the data is not homogeneous, meaning it does not form a specific pattern and is evenly spread throughout the area. The results of the hypothesis test show that, based on the t-test, the variables that influence Employee Performance are Compensation Motivation and Discipline, both of which have an effect. The detailed t-test results are as follows: For variable X1, the t-count is 6.604, while the t-table is 2.014, so t-count (6.604) > t-table (2.014). This is also supported by a significant value of 0.003 (0.003 < 0.050), meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which implies that Discipline has a significant effect on Employee Performance. For variable X2, the t-count is 4.452, while the t-table is 2.014, so t-count (4.452) > t-table (2.014). This is also supported by a significant value of 0.004 (0.004 < 0.05), meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which implies that Motivation has a significant effect on Employee Performance. The F-test result shows that F-count is 11.021, which is greater than the F-table value of 3.20. This is further supported by a significance level of 0.003, which is smaller than α = 0.05, meaning Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Discipline and Work Motivation (simultaneously) have an effect on Employee Performance. The R-square value is 62.2%, which means that the independent variables in this study contribute significantly, while the remaining 37.8% is influenced by other factors outside this study.

This study is the result of research on the implementation of radicalism prevention policies through the independent curriculum P5 project in elementary level education schools in Garut Regency. This research is also motivated by the author's interest in radicalism prevention policies, especially among young people. The Garut Regency Government has issued Garut Regent Regulation Number 143 of 2023 concerning the Regional Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Violent Extremism that Leads to Terrorism, one of which aims to prevent radicalism in the school environment due to concerns about the spread of radicalism among young people. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through literature study and field study (observation and interview). The data validity technique used was the triangulation of sources and methods. The results of this study indicate that there are several challenges faced by policy actors in policy implementation such as limited human resources, the influence of the environment and local culture, the wide area of distribution of primary level education schools and low parental participation.

Increasingly advanced developments have raised society's demands for quality education, forcing schools to manage their finances more effectively, efficiently, and transparently. Applying appropriate financial management principles is very important to ensure that funds are used optimally, to support the quality of education, and to build trust among all stakeholders. This research examines the principles of financial management in schools, focusing on transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency in managing educational funds. This research uses a literature review method with data collected from various academic sources such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ProQuest. The collected data was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Source triangulation was used to test the validity of the data. The results of this research underscore the importance of implementing the principles of transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and efficiency in school finance management. 1) Transparency ensures the disclosure of financial information to all stakeholders. 2) Accountability requires clear responsibility in the management of funds. 3) Effectiveness is determined by the extent to which funds support the achievement of educational goals, and 4) Efficiency emphasizes the optimal use of resources at minimal cost. By applying these financial management principles, schools can build trust, maximize returns on expenditures, and ensure that educational services are of high quality and sustainable. Proper application of these principles is an essential step for the success and sustainability of schools.

Many students find it difficult to connect abstract mathematical concepts with real-world applications, leading to limited problem-solving and modeling skills. This study aimed to develop a real-world problem-based mathematics module designed to enhance students’ mathematical modeling abilities. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate the research involved secondary school students enrolled in mathematics classes. The Define stage identified learning difficulties and needs, while the Design and Develop stages focused on creating, validating, and refining a contextual mathematics module based on expert feedback. Quantitative data were collected through expert validation sheets, mathematical modeling tests, and student response questionnaires. The results demonstrated that the developed module achieved a high level of content and design validity, confirming its appropriateness for classroom use. Student responses indicated strong practicality and engagement during implementation. The effectiveness analysis showed a 28% improvement in mathematical modeling skills after the intervention, as evidenced by increased post-test scores and positive student feedback. Compared to traditional textbook-based instruction, the module proved more effective in fostering conceptual understanding, analytical reasoning, and real-world application of mathematics. In conclusion, the developed real-world problem-based module successfully bridges the gap between theoretical mathematics and authentic contexts, providing an innovative framework to cultivate modeling competence and critical thinking among students.

Having good communication skills can make someone easily accepted in an organization and will get a positive response in the communication that has been built. The purpose of this study was to see if there is a significant influence between Student Engagement and Student Communication Skills. The research method used is a quantitative research method. Data were collected through a google form using a Likert scale of 1-5 from 62 respondents from the Dharmaduta Department Student Association of the Raden Wijaya State Buddhist College which will later be tested for validity, reliability, and hypothesis influence. The results of the study using a simple linear regression test showed a significant value (Sig.) for student engagement (X) of 0.000 and R Square of 0.409, a significant value <0.05 so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that student engagement has a significant effect on communication skills. Based on these results, it can be concluded that student engagement has a role in shaping student communication skills by 40.9%.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tridharma perguruan tinggi on the performance of millennial lecturers. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method involving 385 millennial lecturers from 30 universities under LLDIKTI Region III Jakarta, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The outer model test results indicate that all indicators have loading factor values above 0.70 and AVE values greater than 0.5, confirming convergent validity. The reliability test using Composite Reliability yielded values above 0.962, and Cronbach's Alpha exceeded 0.951, indicating strong internal consistency. The results show that tridharma perguruan tinggi have significant effects on lecturer performance. This research provides implications for human resource development in higher education institutions, particularly in nurturing adaptive and productive young lecturers.

This study aims to determine the feasibility and impact of virtual laboratories in learning the material of innovation in biological technology (biotechnology) for high school students in grade X. The feasibility assessment was carried out by three expert validators using a questionnaire instrument that measured aspects of material, media, and language and based on readability tests by teachers and students. The results of the study showed that the percentage of validity of the Virtual Laboratory from material experts was 95%, media experts 83%, language experts 90% with the third category being "Very Feasible". The results of the readability test from teachers obtained a percentage of 96% while the results of the readability test from students obtained a percentage of 99%. These results indicate that the Virtual Laboratory is Feasible and Practical to be used for biology learning, especially biotechnology material. The results of the teacher response test on the use of Virtual Laboratory showed a percentage of 95% while the results of the student response test were 75%. The results of the T test showed that Virtual Laboratory had a significant effect on students' conceptual understanding with a significance of 0.001. These results indicate that Virtual Laboratory is effective in improving students' conceptual understanding, especially in biotechnology material.

This study aims to determine the influence of principal leadership and motivation on teacher performance in public junior high schools (SMP) in Keluang District, Musi Banyuasin Regency. The background of this research lies in the crucial role of school principals as leaders who guide, direct, and motivate teachers to carry out their duties and responsibilities effectively. This study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of all public junior high school teachers in Keluang District, with samples selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the effect of leadership and motivation variables on teacher performance. The results revealed that principal leadership had a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that better leadership skills in managing and directing schools lead to higher teacher performance. Likewise, work motivation had a positive and significant impact on teacher performance, indicating that highly motivated teachers tend to be more disciplined, creative, and productive in their work. Simultaneously, principal leadership and teacher motivation significantly contributed to improving teacher performance in public junior high schools in Keluang District. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening school leadership capacity and enhancing teacher motivation as key efforts to improve the overall quality of education.