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Christian religious education plays an important role in shaping the faith and character of students so that they grow like Christ. However, an approach that overemphasizes the cognitive aspect often prevents students from experiencing faith in its entirety in everyday life. Theological reflection is present as an approach that can bridge the gap between life experiences and understanding of Christian faith. Killen and de Beer offer a practical method of theological reflection, emphasizing awareness of experience, the meaning of values, and interpretation based on sources of faith. Meanwhile, Whitehead emphasizes the dynamics between tradition, personal experience, and culture in shaping theological understanding. Both approaches make significant contributions to Christian religious education because they encourage students to not only know the teachings of faith, but also to live them in the context of real life. Thus, theological reflection can be a transformative method in Christian religious education, strengthening students' involvement in a meaningful and relevant faith learning process.

The practice of early marriage persists as a significant societal controversy. Early marriage frequently results in adverse consequences for both the individuals involved and the children subsequently born. Children originating from such unions exhibit an elevated risk of encountering health and developmental challenges, which serve as principal indicators of child well-being. This research endeavors to analyze early marriage and its implications for child welfare through the lens of Family Law. The study aims to contribute novel insights and augment intellectual discourse concerning early marriage and its effects on child welfare. Furthermore, this research ascertains the congruence between the practice of early marriage and the principles of Islamic Sharia pertaining to child welfare. The methodology employed is empirical juridical research utilizing a qualitative approach, incorporating in-depth interviews conducted within the Jambi Luar Kota District. Data collection involved primary and secondary sources, gathered via observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The study yielded three primary findings: (1) Influential factors contributing to early marriage in the Jambi Luar Kota District encompass: pregnancies compelling marriage, the educational backgrounds of the individuals entering early marriage and their respective parents, personal volition or familial influence and economic circumstances. (2) The repercussions of early marriage within the Jambi Luar Kota District for children include heightened vulnerability to diverse health and social issues, low birth weight, birth-related injuries, growth and developmental impediments such as stunting, and inadequate parental attention leading to hindered cognitive development. (3) From the perspective of Islamic family law, the principles of maqashid sharia demonstrate substantial relevance to child welfare. An ideal marriage necessitates physical, mental, and social preparedness, predicated on the virtuous intention of establishing a family characterized by tranquility (sakinah), affection (mawaddah), and compassion (rahmah). 

This study emphasizes the importance of understanding science as a mandate that carries not only cognitive dimensions, but also deep moral and social responsibilities. Science should not be viewed merely as a collection of technical knowledge, but must be carried out with integrity and honesty for the benefit of the people. By integrating the perspective of the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the philosophy of science approach, this study uses a hermeneutic qualitative methodology to explore normative and rational-ethical values ​​in Islamic scientific ethics. The results of the study show that the scientific paradigm based on mandate combines spiritual and rational dimensions, thus forming a solid and relevant foundation for academic ethics in the context of Islamic higher education. These findings emphasize the importance of internalizing the values ​​of responsibility, honesty, and social orientation in scientific activities. The main contribution of this study is the reformulation of the scientific ethics paradigm that is more holistic, sustainable, and in line with Islamic values.

This study aims to develop effective educational learning media in preventing pornography addiction and providing a deep understanding of the negative impacts of pornographic content on mental development and adolescent behavior in class 9D students of SMP Negeri 2 Teras Boyolali. The phenomenon of pornography addiction among adolescents is a serious concern because of its impact on psychological, social, and academic development. The media that will be used in the implementation of group guidance services for students at SMP Negeri 2 Teras is by using power point and audio visual media. The method of implementing this counseling service is based on a cognitive approach. One of the techniques of the cognitive approach that can be used to prevent someone from becoming addicted to pornographic content is by providing psychoeducation to participants. The results of the study showed that this learning media can improve students' understanding of the dangers of pornography and provide strategies to avoid negative content. Thus, this learning media can be used as an effective educational tool to prevent pornography addiction in adolescent students.

This literature review examines the effectiveness of Brain Gym as an intervention to improve children's learning concentration. Brain Gym is a series of physical movements developed to enhance brain function. Several studies in the last decade have suggested that Brain Gym activities can positively influence children's attention span and cognitive performance, particularly in educational settings. Through a review of 20 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2024, this study finds consistent evidence of improved focus and academic engagement among children who participated in regular Brain Gym exercises. The findings suggest that Brain Gym can serve as a complementary approach to conventional teaching strategies, especially for elementary-level learners. Implications for educators and future research are discussed.

Education in the modern era faces major challenges in developing students' understanding and creativity amidst limited resources and time. One potential solution that can improve the quality of learning is the mindmapping method, which is known to help students organize ideas and information visually, thereby improving their understanding and creativity. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using mind mapping in learning, with a focus on its influence on students' understanding of the material and creativity. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with library research, where data is obtained from journal articles, books, and other relevant sources that discuss mind mapping in the context of education. The results of the discussion show that mind mapping has proven effective in facilitating students' understanding of the concepts taught and stimulating their creativity in solving problems. By using visualization techniques, students can connect various ideas and information that were previously separate. The conclusion of this study confirms that mind mapping is an effective method for improving students' understanding and creativity, and can be applied in various learning contexts to support students' cognitive and creative development. This study also provides recommendations for educators to integrate mindmapping into their teaching methods.

When someone enters old age, symptoms such as senility or difficulty remembering new information often appear. This condition is known as dementia, a syndrome characterized by decreased cognitive function, behavioral changes, memory impairment, disorientation, and difficulty communicating and making decisions. This community service program aims to provide information and understanding about how to handle dementia that can be done at home. Activities are carried out through a counseling method consisting of a pre-test, education, and post-test, using leaflets and questionnaires containing questions to measure the level of understanding of participants. The results of the counseling showed an increase in participant knowledge, as seen from the comparison of the graph between the pre-test and post-test results. Education accompanied by brain gymnastics practices has been shown to have a positive impact on increasing participants' understanding of dementia and how to handle it. It is hoped that this counseling will continue to provide benefits to participants and can be applied in everyday life.

This study aims to improve the reading and writing skills of early age students in TPQ As-Sabiqun using the flashcard method. Learning the hijaiyah letters is very important in Islamic education because it is the first step to understanding the Qur'an. In implementing this activity, the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was used with interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' interest in learning, cognitive abilities, and fine motor skills. Flashcards have proven to be effective as interactive and interesting visual learning media for children. This activity also encourages the formation of religious character from an early age and strengthens the relationship between students and teachers. This study recommends the use of flashcard media as a relevant and educational learning strategy in introducing the hijaiyah letters to children.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

This study explores creative thinking strategies aimed at enhancing reading comprehension skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. By focusing on developing critical and innovative thinking methods, the research investigates how these strategies can improve students' ability to understand and process reading materials. The study employs various approaches to stimulate cognitive engagement, fostering both deeper comprehension and greater interest in reading. Results suggest that incorporating creative thinking techniques significantly contributes to the enhancement of students' reading comprehension abilities. The findings highlight the importance of integrating these strategies into the classroom to support students' academic growth and encourage lifelong learning habits.

This study aims to analyze intensive reading skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. Intensive reading is a vital skill that supports information comprehension and serves as a foundation for mastering other subjects. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method. Data were collected through direct observation, audio recordings, and document analysis of previous reading assessment results. Evaluation involved cognitive tests with multiple-choice questions and psychomotor observations while students read texts independently. The findings reveal variations in intensive reading skills among students, particularly in understanding text content, organizing ideas, diction accuracy, sentence structure, spelling, and note-taking ability. Most students could grasp the main idea and identify the plot well; however, challenges remained in using appropriate diction, maintaining consistent sentence structure, and achieving accuracy in spelling and note-taking. These results highlight the need for more effective teaching strategies to improve students’ intensive reading skills. This study is expected to contribute positively to the development of Indonesian language learning methods at the elementary level, better preparing students to face increasingly complex academic challenges.

This study aims to analyze intensive reading skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. Intensive reading is a vital skill that supports information comprehension and serves as a foundation for mastering other subjects. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method. Data were collected through direct observation, audio recordings, and document analysis of previous reading assessment results. Evaluation involved cognitive tests with multiple-choice questions and psychomotor observations while students read texts independently. The findings reveal variations in intensive reading skills among students, particularly in understanding text content, organizing ideas, diction accuracy, sentence structure, spelling, and note-taking ability. Most students could grasp the main idea and identify the plot well; however, challenges remained in using appropriate diction, maintaining consistent sentence structure, and achieving accuracy in spelling and note-taking. These results highlight the need for more effective teaching strategies to improve students’ intensive reading skills. This study is expected to contribute positively to the development of Indonesian language learning methods at the elementary level, better preparing students to face increasingly complex academic challenges.

Elderly aged 60-70 years will experience changes in body condition, both physical and mental changes such as decreased physical fitness and cognitive disorders. This study aims to determine the level of fitness and cognitive disorders of elderly aged 60-70 years who participate in Tai Chi gymnastics. The method used is descriptive analytical with a Cross Sectional approach. The subjects of the study were 20 elderly aged 60-70 years, using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique for physical fitness levels was measured through the Six minutes walk test, while cognitive disorders used the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the average level of male fitness was in the moderate fitness category (40.3%), the good category was (50%) and the very good category (6.3%), while female physical fitness was in the moderate fitness category (75%) and the very good category (25%). Research Results Cognitive disorders in elderly men who were in the normal category were 87.5% and probable cognitive disorders were 12.5%, while in elderly women cognitive disorders were in the normal category were 100%. In conclusion, the level of physical fitness of the elderly is in the good category, while cognitive disorders of the elderly are in the normal category

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes through the inquiry method on the subject of special treatment of fruit plant seeds. The study was conducted as classroom action research (CAR) at SMKN 1 Gondang for class XI Agribusiness of Food Crops and Horticulture (ATPH). The research was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through tests and observation sheets. The results show that the inquiry method significantly improves student engagement and cognitive outcomes. Average class performance increased from 62% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. These findings suggest that inquiry-based learning can enhance students' critical thinking and understanding in agricultural subjects.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays an important role in the formation of character and spirituality of students. This study aims to analyze human resource management (HR) in improving the effectiveness of the role of teachers and education personnel in the PAK environment. The approach used is a literature study, by analyzing literature, journals, and related references. The findings show that teachers are not only teachers, but also role models of Christian values. Continuous training, collaboration between teachers, cooperation with parents, and the availability of quality educational facilities are important factors in strengthening student character. A holistic management approach has been proven to be able to integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects. The implication is that adaptive and contextual HR management is needed so that PAK is able to answer the challenges of the times and form a generation with integrity.

Kwashiorkor is a form of protein energy malnutrition (MEP). Malnourished toddlers have short and long term effects, in the form of impaired growth and development, including impaired cognitive function, morbidity, risk of degenerative diseases in later life and death. The male patient aged 1 year and 2 months was brought by his parents to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital on Tuesday, June 4, 2024 at 20:07 WIB with complaints of swelling on both backs of legs and hands and face. On the antopometric examination on the first day of treatment, the patient's nutritional status was found to be poor. Patients are given malnutrition management which is divided into 3 phases, namely stabilization, transition and rehabilitation.   Kata kunci: Antropometri, Kwashiorkor, Malnutrisi Energi Protein

Based on literature research conducted over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, this study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of technology use on students' cognitive development in schools. Digital technology plays a significant role in modern education, both in supporting students' critical thinking, creativity and conceptual understanding, and in introducing risks such as decreased concentration and digital dependency. The method used was a literature study that used a sample of literature covering various levels of education, from elementary school to higher education, using relevant articles and journals. The results of the analysis show that technology can accelerate the learning process and increase students' learning motivation if used appropriately and accompanied by the role of parents or teachers. However, excessive and unsupervised use can lead to cognitive, social and emotional impairment. Therefore, a balanced strategy for using technology is needed so that the benefits can be maximized and the negative impacts minimized.

Islamic education plays a vital role not only in cognitive development but also in nurturing students’ moral and spiritual values, which significantly contribute to emotional intelligence. This study explores how Islamic education aids in developing students' abilities to recognize, manage, and express emotions in positive and constructive ways. Core Islamic principles such as patience (ṣabr), trust in God (tawakkul), and maintaining good relationships (silaturrahim) are emphasized as essential components in shaping emotional resilience and empathy. By integrating these values into the curriculum, Islamic education fosters a supportive and value-based learning environment that encourages holistic development. The study highlights that emotional intelligence in Islamic education is not treated as a separate discipline but as an integral part of character formation and spiritual growth. Through classroom practices, religious teachings, and interpersonal interactions, students are guided to internalize emotional maturity aligned with ethical and spiritual ideals. As a result, Islamic education contributes to the balanced development of intellect, emotion, and morality, equipping students with the emotional and social skills necessary for personal well-being and community life.