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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. DKA may present as the initial manifestation of previously undiagnosed diabetes, particularly in young adults. We report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented with decreased consciousness preceded by shortness of breath. The patient had a three-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and significant weight loss. Physical examination revealed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 and signs of dehydration. Laboratory findings showed severe hyperglycemia (426 mg/dL), elevated HbA1c (8.5%), leukocytosis, and severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.8; HCO₃⁻ 5.8 mmol/L). The diagnosis of DKA was established based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Management included aggressive fluid resuscitation, continuous intravenous insulin infusion, electrolyte correction, and antibiotic therapy for suspected infection. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, identification of precipitating factors, and prompt management to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with DKA.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Globally, DM continues to pose a growing health challenge, particularly type 2 DM, which is closely associated with insulin resistance. In this condition, body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin, so even though the pancreas initially produces sufficient or excessive amounts of insulin, its effectiveness gradually declines. Over time, pancreatic beta-cell function deteriorates, further exacerbating chronic hyperglycemia. This persistent condition may lead to long-term complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases, through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The prevalence of type 2 DM is expected to continue rising, including in Indonesia, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies. An important aspect of DM management is the assessment of health-related quality of life. Quality of life reflects an individual’s perception of their health status within social and cultural contexts. This can be evaluated using generic instruments such as the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In this case report, the quality of life of a patient with type 2 DM was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s impact on the patient’s daily life.

Vegetables are an important horticultural commodity in fulfilling community nutritional needs; however, their consumption level in Indonesia remains relatively low, necessitating efforts to increase production. Spinach (Amaranthus sp.) is a promising vegetable due to its short growth cycle, ease of cultivation, and high nutritional value. Limited agricultural land, particularly in urban areas, poses a major constraint to conventional cultivation, thereby encouraging the adoption of alternative technologies such as hydroponics. The hydroponic system, especially the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), offers efficient use of land and water while enabling better control of plant growth. This review aims to identify hydroponic cultivation techniques for spinach in greenhouse conditions and to analyze factors influencing its success, including nutrient concentration, growing media, pH, temperature, and light intensity. The findings indicate that optimal nutrient concentration ranges from 410–900 ppm, supported by proper environmental and pH management to enhance vegetative growth. The implementation of the NFT system improves production efficiency, resulting in more uniform, cleaner, and higher-quality yields. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including nutrient management, environmental fluctuations, and pest and disease risks. Therefore, proper and sustainable system management is essential to ensure successful hydroponic spinach cultivation.

In the era of digital transformation, the utilization of information technology in business activities has become an important factor in improving operational efficiency and effectiveness. Dzikri Baby Shop, a business engaged in the sale of baby equipment, still faces challenges in managing sales transactions and inventory manually, which may lead to recording errors, process delays, and less optimal customer service. This study aims to design and develop a sales information system for Dzikri Baby Shop to support digital transformation in its business processes. The system development method used in this research is Rapid Application Development (RAD), as it enables software to be developed in a relatively short time through an iterative approach and active user involvement. The system developed includes product data management, sales transaction processing, inventory control, and report generation. The testing results using the Black Box Testing method show that all system features function in accordance with user requirements. Therefore, the implementation of this sales information system is expected to improve operational efficiency, accelerate transaction processes, minimize errors in data management, and enhance the quality of customer service.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of pedagogical competence among Christian Religious Education teachers and its implications for students’ learning interest at SMTK Katharos Bekasi. The study is based on the importance of teachers’ pedagogical competence in creating effective learning environments and increasing student engagement in the classroom. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied in this research. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaire-based interviews with students, and literature review. The findings show that teachers’ pedagogical competence is categorized as good, with an average score of 33.8 or 75.1% of the maximum score, reflecting effective classroom management, appropriate material delivery, and proper student guidance. Students’ learning interest is also categorized as good, with an average score of 32.8 or 72.9%, indicating active participation and positive engagement in the learning process. Therefore, pedagogical competence positively influences students’ learning interest, and continuous improvement is needed to enhance learning effectiveness.

This study aims to examine how faith rooted in the family has implications for children's character education. The family is the first and foremost environment in human life, where children begin to learn about life values, including faith, morals, and responsibility. In Christian families, parents play a crucial role in instilling and fostering faith through living examples, praying together, and participating in Church life. This study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The analysis was conducted by reviewing various scientific sources and Church documents relevant to the research theme, such as Familiaris Consortio and Amoris Laetitia, which emphasize the role of the family as a "domestic Church." The documents of the Second Vatican Council, as well as relevant journals and books, were also used. The results of the study indicate that faith that lives and grows within the family has a significant influence on the formation of children's character. The values ​​of faith taught within the family, such as love, honesty, responsibility, and concern for others, form an important foundation for developing good character. Through consistent faith education within the family, children can grow into individuals with faith, morals, and the ability to live responsibly in society.

The phenomenon of academic procrastination is a serious obstacle in the world of education, manifesting as a deliberate delay in starting or completing school assignments. This behavior leads to a decline in academic achievement and an increase in student anxiety when approaching deadlines. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of time management as a strategy to reduce academic procrastination behavior in students through a comprehensive literature review. The research method employed is library research, using content analysis techniques on scientific journal articles and previous research findings relevant within the last ten years. The research findings indicate a significant negative correlation between time management and academic procrastination, where the ability to prioritize and adhere to schedules effectively can lower the level of task delay. Furthermore, intervention through guidance and counseling services using self-management techniques has proven to be a strategic solution in enhancing student learning independence. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of the role of Guidance and Counseling teachers in integrating time management training into guidance programs to support students' sustainable academic effectiveness.

This study is motivated by the important role of licensed coaches in implementing the Filanesia curriculum to improve the quality of early-age football development. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the significance of the impact of training programs implemented by licensed coaches on the improvement of holistic performance (technical, tactical, physical, and mental aspects) of students at the Mitra Persada Football School (SSB) in Cilongok, Banyumas. The method used in this study is a quantitative experimental approach with a Pre-Experimental Design, specifically the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population consisted of 25 students from the Mitra Persada Football School aged 13–15 years. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, resulting in a final sample of 15 students. Data collection instruments included performance tests and questionnaires that had been validated by experts with a feasibility level of 95% (categorized as “Very Feasible”). The collected data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test and N-Gain Score effectiveness test with the help of SPSS version 26. The results showed an overall improvement in performance, with the average pretest score of 58.40 increasing to 79.20 in the posttest. The Paired Sample T-Test results indicated a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Furthermore, the effectiveness test using the N-Gain Score resulted in a value of 0.50 (50%), which falls into the “Moderate” or fairly effective category. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a positive and highly significant impact of licensed coach training programs on improving the performance of early-age athletes at SSB Mitra Persada Cilongok Banyumas.

This study examines the predictive influence of religious habituation and teacher role modeling on students’ emotional intelligence in an Islamic elementary school context. A quantitative approach with an ex post facto design was employed, involving 78 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that religious habituation has a positive and significant effect on students’ emotional intelligence, while teacher role modeling demonstrates a relatively stronger contribution. Simultaneously, both variables significantly predict emotional intelligence, explaining 74.9% of its variance. These results suggest that students’ socio-emotional development is shaped by the integration of structured religious practices and pedagogical modeling within the school environment. The study contributes to the ecological-religious perspective on character education by emphasizing the importance of consistent spiritual habituation and teachers’ personal competence in fostering emotional regulation and social skills. Practically, Islamic elementary schools are encouraged to strengthen religious culture programs and support teachers’ emotional and moral development to enhance students’ emotional intelligence.

Comparing gas flow measurement results using Ultrasonic Sensor Meters and Kelton software is very important because the objective is to determine whether the errors that occur are in accordance with applicable standards or not. This study aims to compare the simulation results from the Ultrasonic Flow Meter (USM) with Kelton software based on AGA 8, AGA 9, and ISO 6976 regulations. From measurements with the USM, an error value of 0.01% was obtained, while from Kelton software, an error value of 0.01% was also obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that the readings from both methods are still within the specified error tolerance range of 0.1%, so they do not cause excessive cost losses during the gas delivery process. This proves that the Ultrasonic Sensor Meter used has the ability to measure accurately, making it suitable for use as a measuring device in gas metering systems.  

Biofloc technology is a super-intensive fish cultivation method, which benefits heterotrophic bacteria to harvest organic chemical compounds and amines from fish metabolic residues to be converted into bacterial proteins. The use of probiotics is very important to be carried out in cultivation activities, Probiotics are living microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on humans by balancing the microflora in their intestines. The bacteria in probiotics have a mechanism in forming several enzymes for feed digestion. This study aims to determine the effect of administering Pro Top probiotics with different doses on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Probiotics are mixed with feed with a biofloc cultivation system. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications, namely by adding different doses to the treatment. Treatment A (0.5 grams / kg), B (1 gram / kg), C (2 grams / kg) and D (5 grams / kg). The parameters observed are absolute weight growth. Supporting parameters for air quality are temperature, pH, and DO. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Based on the results of the study, it shows that administering different doses of Pro Top probiotics has a significant effect on the absolute weight growth of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Treatment A (0.5 grams/kg) gave the lowest absolute weight growth of 31.05 grams and treatment D (5 grams/kg) gave the highest absolute weight growth of 40.30 grams. Air quality parameters including air temperature ranged from 25.3 – 26.1°C, acidity level around 7.5 – 8.0. And dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.7 – 5.3 ppm. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the three air quality parameters showed no difference between the treatments of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).  

This study aims to evaluate the impact of leadership education and training on organizational service effectiveness within the Tambrauw Regency Government, Papua. Leadership training is an important instrument in developing the competencies of Civil Servants to enhance leadership capacity, managerial skills, and public service quality. However, its implementation needs evaluation to determine its impact on organizational performance and service effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The analytical framework applied is the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, covering reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, policy analysis, and literature review on civil servant development and public services. The results indicate that leadership training has a positive impact on improving civil servant competencies and service effectiveness. At the reaction level, participants showed high satisfaction with training materials and methods. At the learning level, there was improvement in leadership knowledge and skills. At the behavior level, participants demonstrated more professional work attitudes, better coordination, and improved decision-making. At the results level, training contributed to improved service quality, efficiency, and innovation. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, hierarchical bureaucratic culture, and weak policy support. Therefore, strong local government commitment is needed to enhance training quality and organizational support. This study contributes to public administration research and offers practical insights for policy development.

This study examines the effectiveness of classical guidance services in reducing gadget addiction among twelfth-grade students. Gadget addiction has become a growing concern in modern educational settings, as excessive use of digital devices often interferes with students’ academic performance, social interactions, and emotional stability. The research applies a quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental approach, specifically utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on indications of high gadget dependency. The intervention was conducted through structured classical guidance sessions focusing on awareness building, self-control improvement, and practical time management skills. Data were collected using a validated gadget addiction scale administered before and after the intervention, then analyzed using parametric statistics to determine the significance of the results. The findings indicate a significant decrease in gadget addiction levels following the implementation of the classical guidance program. This result highlights the importance of preventive and developmental counseling services in schools. The study implies that classical guidance can serve as an effective strategy to help students regulate their digital behavior and foster healthier lifestyle patterns in the digital era.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in higher education, particularly in how students acquire, understand, and manage academic information. This study aims to deeply understand students' experiences using AI as a learning tool and explore how they interpret the technology's role in supporting academic activities. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, with three informants selected purposively from various study programs actively using AI. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that students view AI as an effective tool for improving learning efficiency, deepening conceptual understanding, and motivating them to be more independent and creative. However, challenges were also identified, including dependence on technology, doubts about the accuracy of information, and concerns about academic ethics violations such as digital plagiarism. Student experiences also demonstrate that AI plays a dual role as both a learning tool and a cognitive partner in the modern learning process. Therefore, the use of AI needs to be directed wisely and accompanied by strong digital literacy to balance technological convenience and the development of critical thinking skills. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive, humanistic, and ethical learning strategies in the era of digital higher education transformation.

Copyright is an exclusive right granted to creators to protect their intellectual works. The importance of copyright protection has increased with advances in digital technology and the widespread use of social media as a means of content distribution. Digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and various other streaming services facilitate the distribution of digital works, but also give rise to problems such as piracy and the use of works without the permission of the copyright owner. This digital piracy can result in economic and moral losses for creators. This study aims to analyze the application of copyright in the context of social media and examine the legal regulations governing copyright protection to address digital piracy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that legal protection for digital works is regulated by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. These two regulations provide a legal basis for protecting the moral and economic rights of creators and authorize the government to block access to content that infringes copyright. These regulations are expected to reduce digital piracy and create a digital ecosystem that respects intellectual property rights.

Women's leadership plays an important role in the success of organizations, including in the government sector at the sub-district level. Leaders not only act as directors but also as mentors who are able to understand the needs and character of their subordinates. The female head of TG Sub-district in Surabaya City demonstrates the application of reciprocal relationships between leaders and subordinates through a system of rewards and punishments according to performance achievements, actively monitors subordinate performance, identifies work standard errors, and takes corrective actions. The study aims to analyze the application of transactional leadership style by the female head of TG Sub-district in Surabaya City using Bernard M. Bass's (1990) theory. The type of research used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. Samples were determined using purposive sampling, and data sources included primary and secondary data. The research results indicate that the transactional leadership style of the female village head in TG Village is not yet fully optimal. The application of Contingent Reward can increase motivation and employee performance control, but its implementation in the community is still limited. Management by Exception (Active) carried out on employees has not been consistent, and its application in the community is also not sufficiently felt. Management by Exception (Passive) and Laissez-Faire are shown through corrective actions after problems arise and the freedom to take initiative and make decisions according to standards and policies. The implementation of transactional leadership by female village heads needs to be improved, especially in strengthening the mechanisms of reward and punishment as well as the consistency of supervision of employees and the community so that the leadership implementation runs more optimally.

This research discusses the authority of judges in declaring a lawsuit inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard/NO) in civil cases based on Decision Number 82/Pdt.G/2025/PN Kwg. The issues examined in this study relate to the application of formal requirements of a lawsuit and the authority of judges in rendering an NO decision due to errors in determining legal subjects (error in persona). This study aims to analyze the application of civil procedural law regarding the formal requirements of a lawsuit and to examine the authority of judges in declaring a lawsuit inadmissible. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory and case approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through library research and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the formal requirements of a lawsuit hold a very important position in civil procedural law. Errors in determining legal subjects, particularly involving a party who has passed away without involving the heirs, result in a formally defective lawsuit and cause it to be declared inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard). In Decision Number 82/Pdt.G/2025/PN Kwg, the judges exercised their authority in accordance with civil procedural law to maintain legal certainty and orderly judicial proceedings. However, the application of such authority is considered to be overly formalistic because it did not provide an opportunity to amend the lawsuit, thereby giving less attention to substantive justice for the plaintiff.

This study explores student agency in Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported STEM learning environments, addressing a critical gap in existing literature that predominantly focuses on learning outcomes rather than learner-centered processes. Drawing on an interpretive qualitative approach, this research investigates how students experience autonomy, self-regulation, and decision-making when interacting with AI technologies in STEM education. Data were collected from 15 participants engaged in AI-supported learning through in-depth semi-structured interviews, supported by observations and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings related to student agency. The findings reveal that student agency is a dynamic and multidimensional construct shaped by the interplay between technological affordances and learner engagement. Four major themes emerged: enhanced autonomy, development of self-regulated learning, negotiated decision-making, and ambivalent dependency on AI. While AI technologies provide adaptive support that empowers students to take control of their learning, they also introduce the risk of over-reliance, which may reduce cognitive engagement. This study contributes to the theoretical advancement of student agency by conceptualizing it as a spectrum rather than a fixed attribute, highlighting the dual role of AI as both an enabler and a constraint. The findings offer important pedagogical implications for designing AI-supported STEM learning environments that promote active, reflective, and responsible learning. Future research is recommended to explore this phenomenon across diverse contexts and through longitudinal designs.

Healthy food and beverage consumption patterns, as well as family lifestyles, significantly impact toddler health, particularly those related to stunting. The objective of this activity was to provide knowledge on processing high-protein food products from animal products. The activity was conducted through counseling and practical training with mothers of children with stunting and pregnant women at risk of stunting. This activity was conducted in collaboration with BRIN (National Research and Innovation Agency), which is an implementation of the MOU between Fatipa Unisri and BRIN. The results showed that the mothers enjoyed this activity, resulting in their active involvement in the community service process. This program can benefit participants by providing knowledge and skills in processing high-protein foods from animal sources. This activity also aims to raise mothers' awareness of the importance of a balanced, nutritious diet in preventing stunting in children. In addition, participants were given training on how to select the right food ingredients and processing techniques that can maintain the nutritional content of animal products. This program is expected to be continued and discussed with other communities to create a healthy and stunting-free generation.

The legal culture of society is a fundamental element in the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL). The success of this program is not only determined by government policies but also by the awareness, compliance, and participation of the community in registering their land. The research method is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. This study uses primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The research results indicate that legal culture plays an important role in the success of the implementation of the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) as an effort acceleration of land registration. The legal culture reflected in the extent to which the community is willing to voluntarily register their land and follow the established procedures. Efforts to improve legal culture can be carried out through legal socialization and counseling, participatory approaches, increased transparency of officials, cultural approaches, as well as the utilization of digitization of land services. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, especially the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), together with local governments Intensifying the activities of socialization and legal counseling to the community continuously in an informative, persuasive, and educative manner as well as strengthening the role of field implementing officers by emphasizing the principles of transparency, accountability, and responsive public service. The government is also advised to optimize approaches based on local wisdom and to utilize digital technology in the land registration process to facilitate community access.