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Ahmad Syahrul Tarigan; Hasim As’ari

Indonesia Bergerak : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

This study promotes pension funds among MSMEs in Malioboro, Yogyakarta, to increase awareness and understanding of pension planning. Many MSMEs lack knowledge of pension funds, leading to inadequate financial preparation. Socialization methods, including seminars and brochure distribution, effectively conveyed information and increased awareness. Despite challenges, the study found a significant increase in awareness and interest in pension funds among MSMEs. Socialization is an effective way to increase awareness and understanding of pension funds among MSMEs, supporting their financial future.

Farsya Zuhra

Indonesia Bergerak : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

This Independent Community Service Program (KKN) was implemented by students of the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra in Lingkungan XXIX, Rengas Pulau Village, Medan Marelan District. This activity focuses on empowering micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through the application of batik cultural identity to leather bag crafts. Through this service, students help local craftsmen to combine batik motifs with leather bags in order to increase the aesthetic value and selling power of the product. The main objective of this activity is to increase public awareness of the importance of maintaining and preserving national cultural heritage, especially batik, as well as to provide education to craftsmen regarding the application of traditional techniques in leather bag production. This program consists of several activities, including training in making batik leather bags, socializing early savings in schools, and mutual cooperation activities to maintain environmental cleanliness. The results of this activity show an increase in the knowledge and skills of craftsmen in producing culturally valuable products, as well as increasing community participation in MSME activities. In addition, students also succeeded in motivating residents to be more active in protecting the environment and increasing awareness of the importance of health through integrated health service post activities. Thus, this KKN not only contributes to the development of the local economy, but also to the preservation of culture and improving community welfare.

Faisal Riza Rahman; Yulius Wahyu Setiadi

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of environmental performance on the sustainability reporting of companies in Indonesia, utilizing the PROPER scale as a measurement tool. This research examines whether there is an improvement in sustainability report disclosures associated with the environmental performance assessed through the PROPER scale. The study involves companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have published annual and sustainability reports for five consecutive years. The analytical method employed is WarpPLS, with a total of 85 observations. WarpPLS is used to identify statistical relationships between environmental performance and the intensity of sustainability reporting. The findings indicate that there is an enhancement in sustainability report disclosures when the audit committee and board of directors hold regular meetings. Companies without governance committees tend to focus more on governance improvement rather than on disclosing sustainability reports. Good environmental performance, particularly in companies with specific industry types and the presence of governance committees, enhances sustainability reporting. However, companies with strong environmental performance tend to make the audit committee and board of directors focus on other responsibilities, given that the community already understands that these companies manage their environmental impact well. This study underscores the importance of the Indonesian government's support in encouraging, facilitating, and urging companies to achieve the gold category in the PROPER scale. This not only demonstrates good environmental performance but also enhances sustainability report disclosures. This research implies that good environmental performance should be accompanied by increased transparency in sustainability reporting to truly contribute to sustainable development.    

Rengga Kusuma Putra

Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Teknologi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research entitle of " Mediating Variables: A Review of the Influence of Service Quality, Customer Experience, and Trust on Loyalty and Satisfaction at the Berbah Public Health Center, Sleman Regency ". The purpose of this study is to find and analyze the influence of service quality, customer experience and trust on loyalty with satisfaction as a mediation variable. To research it uses purposive sampling and accidental sampling of 100 respondents. The tests on this study were conducted with tests of validity, reliability, classical assumptions, hypothesis testing,path analysisand sobel tests. With multiple linear regression analysis in this study obtained results b1 =0.217 showed a positive influence of service quality variables on loyalty, b2 =0.209 showed a positive influence of customer experience variables on loyalty, b3= 0.146 showed a positive influence of trust variables on loyalty, b4 = 0.164 showed a positive influence of satisfaction variables on loyalty. For partial hypothesis testing used t test, obtained a value of tcalculated for the quality of service to loyalty of 4,072, tcount for customer experience to loyalty of 3,648, for trust to loyalty of 2,657 and tcalculate for patient satisfaction to loyalty of 2,657. Then based on the results of calculations through the sobel test, patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between the quality of service to loyalty with at count value of 2,281, patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between customer experience to loyalty with at calculated value of 2,095,patient satisfaction mediated the relationship between trust to loyalty with at count value of 2.0009.

Kusuma Putra, Rengga

Jurnal Bisnis Kreatif dan Inovatif 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research, titled "OVERVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE OF STORE ATMOSPHERE, EXPERIENTIAL MARKETING, AND VALUE PERCEPTIONS ON CONSUMER LOYALTY WITH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE" (Case Study at Teman Semeja Coffee & Space Pekalongan), aims to analyze the effects of store atmosphere, experiential marketing, and perceived value on consumer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. Data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 100 respondents using a non-probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique. The study utilized validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, hypothesis testing (t-test), determination coefficient, path analysis, and the Sobel test with IBM SPSS 20.0. The results show that the store atmosphere has no significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 1.901 < ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.060 > 0.05). Experiential marketing also shows no significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 0.089 < ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.929 > 0.05; direct effect < indirect effect). However, perceived value has a significant effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 2.046 > ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.044 < 0.05). Regarding the indirect effects, store atmosphere significantly affects consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction (Sobel test: tcount = 9.745 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0029 < 0.05), as does experiential marketing (Sobel test: tcount = 17.054 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0028 < 0.05) and perceived value (Sobel test: tcount = 34.191 > ttable = 1.984; Sab = 0.0029 < 0.05). Additionally, customer satisfaction has a significant direct effect on consumer loyalty (tcount = 4.889 > ttable = 1.984; Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05).

Eny Inti Suryani; Nining Apriani; Salma Mahfuz; Reina Tri Deswita; Yuva Monica Sari +5 more

Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Bersama Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study examines how micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Gisting Bawah Village, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, use digital marketing strategies. The focus of the study is Anggun banana chips. The purpose of this study is to examine current digital marketing practices, identify problems and opportunities, and find ways to increase sales and expand market reach. Using an observation and interview approach, this study found that, although Anggun banana chips have growth potential due to their high-quality products and organized production processes, the company faces difficulties in creating consistent content and creating effective promotional strategies on the internet. This part of the study provides MSME owners with practical knowledge on how to create engaging content, optimize the use of social media, and use successful digital marketing strategies. This study shows that MSMEs such as Anggun banana chips can significantly increase their market visibility, strengthen customer relationships, and potentially increase their revenues by using the right digital marketing techniques. This study will add to the body of research on rural MSMEs using digital marketing and offer practical insights for similar businesses looking to improve their brand's digital presence.

Eugenius Krisensio Lobang Tang; Yohanes Demu; Siprianus G. Tefa

Akuntansi dan Ekonomi Pajak: Perspektif Global 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the level of compliance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) taxpayers in Kupang City. The type of research used is case study research with a quantitative approach. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 189 respondents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using binary logistic regression with the help of SPSS version 25 software. The results of this study show that taxpayer awareness, supervision and enforcement of tax laws, benefits felt by taxpayers, as well as tax support and incentives significantly affect taxpayer compliance; Meanwhile, understanding of tax regulations and ease of tax administration does not affect taxpayer compliance. However, overall, the six independent variables have a simultaneous effect on taxpayer compliance as a dependent variable. This finding is expected to be the basis for local governments and related institutions in formulating policies that support increasing the compliance of MSME taxpayers in Kupang City.

Amelia Amelia; Deswalantri Deswalantri; Mustafa Mustafa; Ulva Rahmi

Akhlak : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Filsafat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat Indonesia

Researchers found in the field, students lacked focus in learning because the learning process was still teacher-centered, students played around and told stories while the teacher was explaining, students lacked the courage to ask questions and express opinions, there were still students who were late for class. during PAI subjects. So the problem discussed in this research is the relationship between educational interactions and students' interest in learning at SMK N 1 Kinali. The aim of this research is to find out how much educational interaction has a relationship with students' interest in learning at SMK N 1 Kinali. This research method is a correlation method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The population in this study was all class X students, totaling 413 students. Determining the number of samples used a random sampling technique using the Slovin formula, so that the sample obtained was 80 class X students. The data collection technique in this research was using a questionnaire technique. Before testing the hypothesis, the researcher first carried out prerequisite tests in the form of normality tests and linearity tests. Then continue with the hypothesis test using the product moment correlation test. The results of the research show that there is a relationship between educational interactions and the interest in learning of class X students in PAI subjects at SMK N 1 Kinali. The relationship between the two variables is classified as sufficient with a correlation value of 0.661. These results show that (0.661) > (0.219). So it was rejected and accepted, so it can be interpreted that there is a relationship between educational interactions and the interest in learning of class X students in PAI subjects at SMK N 1 Kinali.    

Asrul Sani; Reo Yudhono; Arfie Armelia Erissonia

Venus: Jurnal Publikasi Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Teknik Indonesia

In carrying out structured maintenance, a method is needed to increase the durability of an aircraft component, one of the methods used is the reliability method. The reliability of aircraft components is very necessary to ensure that each aircraft component is serviceable and runs according to its function in the aircraft system, so to increase the reliability of an aircraft component, the reliability method is very important to do. This study aims to determine the critical life time limit of the asset or system or equipment function and identify the failure mode that occurs in the Gas Turbine Engine component of the Boeing 737-500 aircraft because if this engine fails, it can result in flight delays and if not handled immediately can cause the aircraft to experience Aircraft on Ground (AOG) conditions, because it has the potential to disrupt airworthiness and threaten safety. This study uses exploratory research which aims to simplify problems to make them easier to solve. This study uses the Pareto diagram method to determine the highest type of failure in components, then analyzes it using the failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) method. Based on FMECA and FTA analysis, there are 3 failure modes, the failure modes include mechanical system (Bleed Valve), pneumatic system (Butterfly Shaft), electrical system (actuator). The failure was due to the occurrence of the top event part consumable, namely the bleed valve part with an RPN value of 192, followed by the butterfly shaft part with an RPN value of 75 and the Actuator part with an RPN value of 72. The pneumatic system and electrical system categories are prioritized to carry out preventive maintenance, which means it is a solution from industry players in an effort to maximize maintenance of the turbofan engine system accompanied by technical or economic analysis to ensure a system in extending the service life of parts in the aircraft system.

Siska Nurnaningati; Tri Ayu Mukaromatul; Elvina Eka Saputri

Bumi: Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Sosialisasi Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2024 Asosiasi Riset Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Indonesia

Smart City is the first step with the concept of a region that combines information and communication technology packaged with regional authenticity. Smart City aims to help provide better public services. With several government regulations that have developed related to smart cities, it is hoped that technological developments can improve the quality of life of the people so as to encourage sustainability. The forerunner in moving towards a smart city is seen from the potential of an area that can be developed. Smart Cultural Heritage is a regional concept that combines technology with cultural heritage to promote, enhance, and preserve culture by involving technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and others. Tulusbesar Village is a village located in Tumpang District, Malang Regency which is rich in culture, but on the other hand the community does not have the ability to utilize technology in its development. The PPK Ormawa BEM FEB UM team initiated Mojangki.id innovations made with the needs of the community in the field of arts and culture to increase the Cultural Capital of Tulusbesar Village so that Mojangki.id innovations have a positive impact on increasing profits and managing tourism assets of Tulusbesar Cultural Village.

Fransisco Friadi Pasaribu; Puspita Rama Nopiana

The purpose of this research was to identify the influence of profitability, debt to equity and sales growth on financial distress in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The dependent variable tested is financial distress which is calculated using the Altman Z-score. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) face a number of economic and financial challenges that require careful risk management strategies. One of the main challenges that can threaten business continuity is the risk of financial difficulties. The research applies a purposive sampling method. The research sample consisted of 70 data or the equivalent of 14 companies listed on the IDX in the mining sector for the 2018-2022 period. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 20 application tools. The results of statistical test research show that profitability has a significant effect on financial distress because the significance value is <0.05, while debt to equity and sales growth have a positive and no effect. significant for financial distress because the significance value is >0.05. The results of the F statistical test show that profitability, debt to equity and sales growth have a significant and equal effect on financial distress because the significance value shows <0.05.

Khoirur Rosyita; Nur Maziyah Hurin’in; Miftahul Munir; Tri Yunita FD

Jurnal Siti Rufaidah 2024 PPNI UNIMMAN

Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is generally experienced by young women which is not accompanied by physical disorders or pathology in the reproductive organs. This condition often interferes with daily activities, including academic performance and psychological well-being. Many non-pharmacological approaches are used to reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain, such as massage and physical exercise. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Cat Stretch Exercise and lumbar massage in reducing the pain intensity of primary dysmenorrhea at SMA Negeri 3 Tuban. The research design uses True Experimental with the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design method. A total of 32 female students who experienced primary dysmenorrhea were selected as samples using a purposive sampling technique, divided into two groups: one group was given Cat Stretch Exercise therapy and the other group was given lumbar massage. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after treatment. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in pain in both groups, but the Cat Stretch Exercise was more effective in reducing pain intensity compared to lumbar massage. The p-value obtained was 0.005, which shows a significant difference between the two groups.

Andi Rina Purnama Indah; A L Arika Maya Sari; Ardiyanti Ardiyanti; Desi Fitriani; Ainun Mutmainna +6 more

Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Waradin 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia Semarang

The "Reading Corner Provision" program at SD Malengkeri II aims to create a safe and enjoyable learning environment for students. Through this activity, we succeeded in increasing interest in reading and literacy awareness among students by providing a comfortable reading room and access to various types of books. Support from the Pre-Service PPG Muhammadiyah University of Makassar and collaboration with facilitators played an important role in the success of this program. The results of this program not only improve students' reading skills, but also encourage the development of a reading culture in schools and communities. In this way, this program contributes to social empowerment and sustainable education in local communities.

Sondang Lubis

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

The purpose of this research is to understand that the current development of technology has brought about a phenomenon known as flexing. People who frequently show off their wealth, possessions, and achievements on social media are referred to as flexing. This study employs expert theories related to the spirituality of modesty, particularly A. Setyo Wibowo's theory, which emphasizes sophrosyne (moderation). Modesty teaches individuals to live sufficiently, without excess. The study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques include observation and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study suggest that the phenomenon of flexing should be addressed through the spirituality of modesty by practicing gratitude in all circumstances, learning self-control, and living with love. Thus, society and social media users are encouraged to always embrace the spirituality of modesty.

Sry Nola Manik

Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama dan Filsafat 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Arastamar (SETIA) Ngabang

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of the congregation of GKPPD Sangga Beru regarding the foundation of marriage in building a harmonious family. In Christian teachings, marriage is not just a bond between two individuals, but a divine institution designed to form a family based on faith, love, and mutual trust. However, factors such as the wrong foundation in marriage, economic problems, poor communication, and cultural pressures often threaten family harmony.Using a descriptive approach, this study identified the congregation's perceptions of the foundation of marriage and the factors that cause disharmony in the household. From the results of interviews with 10 informants, it was found that the three main foundations of Christian marriage are faith in Jesus Christ, loving and caring for each other, and trusting each other. Faith serves as a foundation in facing various life challenges, while love ensures emotional warmth, and trust binds couples in joy and sorrow.However, the results of the analysis also show that some couples marry for reasons of matchmaking, social influence, or simply to have children, which often triggers conflicts such as lack of understanding between partners, lack of trust, comfort, openness, and problems related to the presence of children. In an effort to create a harmonious family, values ​​such as mutual understanding, open communication, and cooperation are very important. The church plays a crucial role in guiding the congregation through faith teachings and counseling services. However, in GKPPD Sangga Beru, the lack of an effective counseling program is an obstacle in providing optimal support to couples in facing the challenges of marriage.

Vina Rizqoeni; Dwi Novaria Misidawati

JUREKSI (Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance) 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

This study aims to analyze the influence of product design, price, and brand image on consumer preferences for Nafasa Muslimah Fashion Products in Kedungwuni. Consumer preference is one of the key factors that influence purchasing decisions, and can be influenced by various marketing elements, such as design quality, pricing, and brand image strength. The theory used in this study is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which explains that consumer behavior can be influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents who were consumers of Nafasa Muslimah Fashion products in Kedungwuni, Central Java, with an age range of 20-60 years. Validity, reliability tests, and multiple regression analysis were used to test the relationship between independent variables (product design, price, brand image) and dependent variables (consumer preferences). The results of the study indicate that product design has a significant effect on consumer preferences with a calculated t value greater than the t table (2.771> 1.985) and a significance value of 0.0068 <0.05. Price has a significant effect on consumer preferences with a calculated t value greater than the t table (2.506> 1.985) and a significance value of 0.0139 <0.05. And brand image has a significant effect on consumer preferences with a calculated t value greater than the t table (2.033> 1.985) and a significance of 0.0448 <0.05.

Hans Sebastian Sejahtera Siahaan; Ramadhan Harahap

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2024 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

This research aims to determine the influence of Financial Performance Analysis on Credit Granting Decisions at Bank Mandiri KCP Belawan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that the factors that can make a credit application accepted by the bank are (1) the debtor already has an official business license and NPWP, (2) the debtor must have 50% capital before applying for credit and the business is managed directly by the debtor himself. , (3) The debtor must be cooperative and open when asked about his efforts to arrange credit, (4) The debtor has never had a history of arrears in payments. (5) The debtor has never been involved in legal problems, (6) The value of the collateral provided by the debtor must be in accordance with the market price when applying for credit, (7) The established business has been running for approximately 1 year, (8) The business location is convenient accessible to local residents. If a business has no debt (current debt = 0), neither the current ratio nor the quick ratio can be calculated in the usual way and is considered undefined or infinite, then this shows that the business has a very strong liquidity condition because there are no liabilities. short term needs to be met.

Fanny Effiandi; Randy Heriyanto; Novrina Chandra

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2024 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

This study aims to determine the effect of Total Quality Management (TQM), work motivation, and organizational commitment on managerial performance at PT Semen Padang using a quantitative approach method. The population in the study were all managers and senior managers working at PT Semen Padang totaling 140 people. In this study, the sampling technique used the purposive sampling method. The sources in this study were employees who held managerial positions at PT Semen Padang. The data collection method that will be used in this study is a questionnaire. Data were processed using SPSS 25.0. The results of the study indicate that Total Quality Management and work motivation have a positive and significant effect on managerial performance, organizational commitment does not have a significant effect on managerial performance. Total quality management, work motivation and organizational commitment have a significant positive effect on managerial performance at PT Semen Padang.

Nunuk Indarti; M. Mascun Andianto; Kiki Oktavia; Safitri Wulandari

Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pembangunan Lokal 2024 Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

This article discusses community empowerment efforts in Segoropuro Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java Province, to overcome problems in education. Through a local wisdom-based Literasanctuary, this program integrates educational, economic and digitalization curricula. The theoretical framework includes increasing public awareness, the role of society in improving education, building economic independence, establishing literacy, empowering the creative economy, equality education programs. Implementation method for implementing the smart village program with 3 learning curricula, smart village mentoring program in Segoropuro literacy by the Pasuruan district education and culture office, monitoring program by the small and medium enterprise cooperative service. This article presents concrete steps towards a smart Segoropuro Village through literature based on local wisdom to build economic independence.

Via Epiphanis Halawa; Reymond Pandapotan Sianturi; Grecetinovitria Butar-Butar

Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Psikologi. 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia

Relapse is a relapse behavior that repeatedly occurs after undergoing rehabilitation characterized by the emergence of addictive mindsets, behaviors and actions after the withdrawal period. Drug cases create a sense of dependence caused by several factors, namely family factors, social factors, employment factors, psychological factors and spiritual factors. That's why the case causes uncontrolled emotions of wanting to collect. The focus of the research is to analyze in depth the psychospiritual of ODGPZ who experience continuous relapse in the Rehabilitation Workshop. The term psychospiritual refers to psychology and spirituality where the psychological dimension affects the spiritual experience and the spiritual dimension can affect psychology. Spirituality and psychology include the search for identity which raises various questions that can cause problems in oneself that make oneself anxious, depressed, unstable mood and feeling like they have no purpose in life. Psychospirituality is used as a tool or analytical knife for counselors to dismantle spiritual problems experienced by counselors and see patterns of relapsed behavior. The purpose of the study was to determine the pattern of relapse behavior for the ODGPZ group and analyze the pattern of relapse behavior using a psychospiritual perspective at the BNN Deli Serdang Rehabilitation Workshop. This study uses a qualitative research methodology with a case study method to clients who have experienced relapse. Data collection techniques were obtained by initial observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis showed that the pattern of relapse behavior by ODGPZ was extraordinary enjoyment, suggestions from ODGPZ friends, increasing the spirit of activity, escaping from problems, and pressure and stigma from society. After the pattern was analyzed using a psychospiritual lens, the author found that there were clients who still found it difficult to refuse offers from ODGPZ friends, there were errors in interpreting the theological message of the Bible text, all problems were solved with drugs, finding meaning and purpose in life and social change. Therefore, psychospirituality is closely related to the intellectual and emotional of the individual which affects the mindset and behavior of individuals, especially drug user.