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This study aims to analyze the listening skills of students of the Indonesian Language Education (PBI) study program at Siliwangi University in understanding folk tales delivered through audiovisual media which is considered capable of increasing student involvement and understanding in the listening process because it combines visual and audio elements simultaneously. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through listening tests. The results of the study indicate that the use of audiovisual media significantly helps students understand the content of the story, characters, and cultural values ​​contained in folk tales. In addition, this media also motivates students to be more active and focused in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audiovisual media as an alternative to effective listening learning in language teaching, especially in the context of folk tales.

In addition to helping Batak children succeed in formal education, family education plays an important role in shaping the character, cultural values, and identity of the Batak people. The philosophy of Anakkon Hi Do Hamoraon Di Au, which means Children are the wealth of life, is a life principle that has been embedded in the lives of the Batak people. Which reflects how important the role of children is in the Batak family and how education is the main investment for their future. The purpose of this study was to determine how family education functions as a foundation for education in Batak culture. A qualitative descriptive approach is the research methodology used. Based on the research findings, family-based education is a key component of the Batak community education framework.

Indonesia as a multicultural country with religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity faces serious challenges in maintaining social harmony amidst increasing intolerance, extremism, and politicization of religion. In response, the government developed a religious moderation policy to instill just, balanced, and tolerant religious values. However, this policy has not been fully grounded in society, given the gap in understanding between state idealism and the developing social reality. This study aims to analyze the concept, implementation, and structural and cultural challenges in the implementation of religious moderation policies in Indonesia. The method used is a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique on various relevant national and international scientific publications in the period 2018–2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of this policy is still dominated by a formalistic approach and has not involved active participation from grassroots communities. In addition, ideological resistance, weak public communication, and minimal impact-based evaluation are the main challenges. Therefore, a more participatory, contextual, and local culture-based moderation approach is needed so that this policy does not just become a state project, but a shared life value.

research discusses the transformation of Tumbilotohe culture in Gorontalo City as a response to the dynamics of the times and technological advancements. Tumbilotohe, which initially was a tradition of lighting oil lamps to mark the end of Ramadan, now experiencing significant changes in form, meaning, and implementation. This study uses qualitative approach with case study method, relying on in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation to explore the community's perceptions of the changes. The research results show that although the spiritual substance of Tumbilotohe remains maintained, its visual and technical aspects have been modernized through the use of electricity, digital ornaments, and decorative light shows. This transformation is influenced by technological developments, demands of the creative economy, and efforts to preserve culture in a more appealing form for the younger generation. This research emphasizes that culture dynamic and adaptive, as well as the importance of collaboration between society and the government in maintaining traditional values amidst the tide of modernization.

Mahmud Village, located in Bandung Regency, is one of the indigenous communities that continues to uphold its customary laws and traditions amidst the tide of modernization. This research aims to explore and analyze the political position and role of customary law within this community, with a focus on how customary norms and rules are implemented, maintained, and passed down amidst the dynamics of social change and interactions with state law. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with customary leaders, community members, and government officials, and a review of relevant literature. The research results indicate that customary law holds a highly significant and respected position among the residents of Mahmud Village. The customary figure, known as the "Kuncen," holds the highest authority in enforcing customary law, leading traditional ceremonies, and resolving various disputes, ranging from marriage and inheritance matters, ceremonial procedures, to mediation mechanisms between residents. Although customary law has strong social power, its application is not entirely independent of the influence of state law, particularly in cases that intersect with criminal law or national legislation. These findings reveal a process of adaptation, where the Mahmud Village indigenous community strives to maintain traditional values while adapting customary rules to remain relevant to current demands. This research confirms that customary law functions not only as a social regulatory system but also as a bulwark of cultural identity and a vital instrument for the sustainability of indigenous communities. Therefore, understanding and recognizing customary law is crucial for maintaining harmony between local traditions and the national legal framework.

This study aims to describe the presentation form of Rapa'i Geleng dance in Sanggar Pocut Baren MAN Model Banda Aceh. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results showed that the presentation of Rapa'i Geleng dance consists of three stages and four acts, namely: seulaweut (opener), saleum (greeting), kisah (content), and lanie (closing). Each act has a distinctive structure of movement, Rapa'i beat, and poetry. In addition to functioning as entertainment, this performance is also a medium for proselytizing and preserving the cultural and religious values of the Acehnese people. The main property used is Rapa'i, Islamic nuanced closed clothing, and a movement system that reflects local wisdom.

This article discusses the learning strategies applied in developing the moral character of students through the Equivalency Education Programme as a solution to the limitations of formal education. Using a qualitative approach based on field research, this article examines the role of tutors in conveying moral values through lectures, discussions, question and answer sessions, and recitations. Psychological and socio-cultural approaches are employed to enhance the effectiveness of these strategies, supplemented by the application of habit formation, modelling, advice, and disciplinary measures. Findings indicate that the success of moral education in non-formal education pathways is influenced by the alignment of strategies with students' conditions, teachers' readiness, and curriculum flexibility. This article emphasises that character education can still be optimised outside the formal education system through structured and contextual strategies.

This study examines the social and cultural values in the drama script Gerbong by Agam Wispi through a literary anthropology approach. The research is grounded in the role of literature as a reflection of socio-cultural values, with Gerbong selected for its rich portrayal of post-revolution Indonesian societal dynamics, which has yet to be holistically analyzed from an anthropological perspective. The aim is to identify the manifestations of socio-cultural values through dramatic structures such as dialogue, characterization, and conflict. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing narrative and symbolic elements within the script. Findings reveal that social values are reflected in non-familial solidarity, critiques of revolutionary injustice, humanism amid adversity, and women’s resistance to stigmatization. Cultural values emerge through the gerbong (train carriage) as a metaphor for resilience, collective sacrifice, and a belief in independence preserved through oral traditions. Intergenerational conflicts between colonial and post-independence values highlight cultural dynamics in postcolonial transition. The study recommends integrating the script into educational curricula, exploring its performative dimensions, and conducting further interdisciplinary research on power relations and gender representation.

This study aims to analyze the concept of religious moderation based on the perspective of Surah Al-Baqarah verse 126 and Surah Ali-Imran verse 159, as well as its implementation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, the study collects data from tafsir books, scientific journals, academic articles, and previous research. The analysis shows that according to the interpretations of Ibn Kathir, Al-Qurthubi, and Al-Misbah, the values of religious moderation include love for the homeland, justice, gentleness, non-violence, and consultation. The implementation of these values in PAI is carried out theoretically through the integration of moderation values into the curriculum and practically through educators’ role modeling, habituation of values in the learning process, and supporting programs such as field studies and cultural festivals. Evaluation of this implementation is conducted through monitoring and instruments such as questionnaires and daily habit trackers. This study emphasizes the importance of religious education that not only focuses on cognitive aspects but also builds a moderate character within students. Thus, religious moderation can be sustainably instilled to shape an Indonesian society that is just, harmonious, and tolerant.

This meta-analysis systematically and comprehensively examines the structural and functional roles of the extended family in moderating the psychological impact of war trauma in the Middle East by compiling data from 47 independent studies involving 12,483 participants published between 2000 and 2023. An analytical approach using a random-effects model revealed that the presence and involvement of the extended family demonstrated a statistically significant moderating effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression, with an association strength of r = .42 (p < .001). Further meta-regression results indicated that support from the extended family contributed to a 37.8% reduction in PTSD symptoms (β = -.378, SE = .042, p < .001), a 29.4% decrease in anxiety levels (β = -.294, SE = .038, p < .001), and a 31.2% reduction in depressive symptoms (β = -.312, SE = .040, p < .001). Analysis of moderator variables showed that the protective effect of the extended family structure was more pronounced among children (r = .48) compared to the adult population (r = .38) and more salient among females (r = .45) than males (r = .39), indicating demographic sensitivity to the type of collective support received. Moreover, the high heterogeneity across studies (I² = 76.3%) indicated significant contextual and methodological diversity, though it did not obscure the core findings. These results contradict the theoretical emphasis advanced by Nakeyar and Frewen (2016) and Atallah (2017), who prioritized the role of the nuclear family in post-war healing contexts. In contrast, this study found that the extended family configuration has provided a more comprehensive and multidimensional form of psychological protection rooted in the distinct collectivistic values of Middle Eastern societies. Ultimately, these findings expand the conceptual horizon for understanding resilience mechanisms to trauma within non-Western cultural landscapes and open new possibilities for developing extended family-based interventions in the context of post-conflict psychosocial reconstruction.

This study aims to explain the moral values taught to the Church of Christ by the Apostolic Fathers. Through a literature review, it was found that the main principles of the teachings and way of life of the Apostolic Fathers were centered on Christ. They held firmly to apostolic dogma and accepted the authority of the Bible as the foundation of church teaching. The moral values they passed down became a model that shaped the foundation of the universal church throughout history. Figures such as Polycarp, Ignatius, Hermas, Clement, and Papias were devout church leaders who received direct guidance and the laying on of hands from the apostles of Jesus. Their steadfastness of faith often led to martyrdom, which is seen as a true confession of faith in the likeness of Christ. The spiritual heritage of the Apostolic Fathers remains relevant and can be interpreted within various cultural contexts, including the practice of church life in Indonesia. Through their exemplary lives and teachings, the Apostolic Fathers emphasized the importance of Christ-centered faith and obedience to the Scriptures. Thus, the moral values they taught continue to serve as guidelines for the church throughout all generations.

This study discusses the conflict between Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning the provision of contraceptives for students with the principles contained in the Child Marriage Law and the National Education System in Indonesia. Although this policy aims to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, the provision of contraceptives for students raises concerns because it is considered to legitimize sexual activity among adolescents. This is compared to child protection efforts as stated in the Marriage Law which stipulates the minimum age of marriage and moral values ​​in education. This study uses a normative legal approach to analyze the implications of the policy on children's rights, the education system, and social and cultural values. The results of the study indicate that this policy has the potential to violate the goals of national education and child protection. Therefore, a more balanced policy revision is needed, by integrating comprehensive sex education based on moral values, in order to protect children's rights while providing appropriate education for adolescents.

This research discusses equality before the law in Indonesia by highlighting the role of the second principle of Pancasila, “Just and civilized humanity,” as the philosophical foundation of law enforcement. Although the constitution and various policies have affirmed the principle of equality, practice on the ground still shows injustice and discrimination, especially against low-income groups and those from certain social backgrounds. This study highlights the structural and cultural challenges, as well as the weak resources and integrity of law enforcement officials, that have led to suboptimal law enforcement. In addition, this study also evaluates the effectiveness of government policies in integrating Pancasila values into the legal system and highlights the importance of policy reforms to ensure fair treatment for all citizens. The findings of this research recommend the need to strengthen the implementation of Pancasila values and supervise the implementation of the law to realize substantive justice in Indonesia.    

This article explores the concept of insan kamil (the perfect human) from the perspective of Kautsar Azhari Noer, a prominent contemporary Muslim thinker. Noer integrates the classical Sufi philosophical framework with the challenges of modern human civilization. According to Noer, the perfect human is not only defined by spiritual proximity to God but also by the ability to reflect divine values in intellectual, ethical, and cultural dimensions. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach, this study analyses Noer's interpretations in relation to classical sources such as Ibn ʿArabī and Al-Jīlī. The findings show that Noer offers a philosophical reinterpretation of insan kamil as a response to modern existential and moral crises.

Based on various studies and studies, the LGBT phenomenon in Indonesia, especially in the Pekanbaru area, is still often viewed negatively because it is considered contrary to local social and cultural norms. Several factors that influence the emergence of LGBT sexual orientation include childhood experiences, the influence of the social environment, and conditions within the family. Psychological interventions such as group counseling with the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) approach combined with religious values, such as in Islamic counseling, have proven effective in reducing inner conflict, increasing the ability to manage emotions, and encouraging acceptance and self-confidence of LGBT individuals. This approach also helps replace irrational thought patterns and strengthens emotional resilience, although cultural and social challenges are still major obstacles. On the other hand, the importance of multicultural competence for professionals is also highly emphasized in dealing with issues related to LGBT and their emotional health. Education about sexuality and increasing public understanding of diversity are considered important to reduce stigma and discrimination against the LGBT community. Overall, the results of this study indicate the need for an appropriate psychological approach and educational efforts to create social acceptance and improve the welfare of LGBT individuals.    

This research discusses the impact of modernization on the dynamics of community culture in Indonesia and efforts to preserve cultural values ​​amidst the flow of change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of modernization on social and cultural changes in society and to identify strategies that can be carried out to maintain the existence of local culture. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, based on various scientific literature and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that modernization has positive impacts such as the development of science, changes in values ​​and attitudes that are more rational, and improvements in communication technology. However, modernization also contributes to the erosion of local cultural identity, especially among the younger generation who are more influenced by global culture. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural experience and cultural knowledge as preservation strategies, as well as the active role of families, schools, and communities in instilling cultural values ​​from an early age.

This study explores the vital role of families in shaping social values among children and adolescents within the increasingly dominant digital environment. Digital technology has transformed communication patterns and modes of cultural transmission, presenting new challenges for families in instilling core values while navigating technological influences. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research involved 15 Indonesian families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, observations, and media diaries to understand the dynamics of value transmission in digital contexts.The findings reveal that family communication patterns—whether conversation-oriented, conformity-oriented, or laissez-faire—significantly influence children’s internalization of values. Effective strategies identified include parental digital co-learning, value-based guidance, and the promotion of critical media literacy. Major challenges include value conflicts between family teachings and digital culture, concerns over cultural preservation, and competition for children’s attention due to immersive technology.Nevertheless, the study also found that families can strategically leverage technology to reinforce values through careful media selection, engagement in meaningful digital activities, and fostering intergenerational connections. In conclusion, while families remain crucial socializing agents, the successful transmission of values requires thoughtful adaptation of traditional practices to meet the realities of the digital age.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in ethnic, cultural, religious, and belief diversity. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and belief, yet adherents of traditional beliefs often face discrimination, particularly in marriage registration. This study aims to evaluate and reconstruct the marriage registration system for adherents of traditional beliefs based on Pancasila's social justice principles. The study employs various theories, including the theory of equal freedom of belief, affirmative action, the legal duty to collect what is scattered, and the principle of iustitia socialis. The findings indicate that the integration of marriage registration institutions, simplification of the registration process, training for registration officers, revision of inclusive regulations, and increased public awareness are crucial to overcoming discrimination and ensuring social justice. The implementation of this reconstruction is expected to provide legal certainty and protection of the rights of traditional belief adherents, reflect Pancasila values, and create a more just and inclusive society.

The case of young couples at the beginning of marriage still choose to live in the same house with their parents, especially from the husband's side, so that the wife is also required to follow her husband to live with his parents, in this case the in-laws for the wife, so that it can trigger household problems that encourage the in-laws to interfere in it. This study aims to determine the type of interpersonal conflict between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District and the causes of "sanding" between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District and How is the stereotype of society towards sanding between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law who live in the same house in the Batak Toba tribe in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection was conducted through direct interviews with informants; daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, husband, traditional leader, community. Descriptive analysis technique was conducted to analyze the “Case of “Sanding” Between Daughter-in-Law and Mother-in-Law Who Live in the Same House in the Batak Toba Community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District, North Tapanuli Regency”. The results of this study indicate that in the Batak Toba community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village, the conflict between daughter-in-law and mother-in-law is seen as a natural thing that is unavoidable, because there are several factors that occur, namely several types of conflicts that occur: Role conflict, Communication conflict, Cultural value conflict, Personality conflict. There are 2 Stereotypes of the Batak Toba community in Situmeang Hasundutan Village towards daughters-in-law who live in the same house with their mothers-in-law, namely positive stereotypes and negative stereotypes. Positive stereotypes: Role as a household manager, Guardian of customary values, Helping each other with household chores. Negative stereotypes: Intergenerational conflict, feelings of being pressured or unappreciated, lack of privacy.

This study examines the spread of Christianity by the Kingdom of God in Central Kalimantan, focusing on its history, challenges, and impact on local communities. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies. The analysis was conducted using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the spread of Christianity by the Kingdom of God was influenced by social, cultural, and political factors. The main challenges included local cultural resistance, social dynamics, and changing government policies. However, the teachings and values established have persisted in society to this day. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between religion and culture in the local historical context and its contribution to community identity. The implications of this research can serve as a reference for understanding religious dissemination patterns and preserving religious values amidst social changes.