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Abad ke-19 dapat dikatakan sebagai era peralihan sastra klasik ke sastra modern di kawasan Nusantara. Salah satu karya yang masih disalin pada masa ini adalah naskah-naskah yang berisi cerita MahabharataNaskah-naskah tersebut disalin untuk beberapa kepentingan, di antaranya untuk tujuan pendidikan dan penyewaan. Penelitian ini menguraikan sistem penyewaan naskah Melayu yang berisi cerita Mahabharata pada masa tersebut. Selanjutnya, analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan sejarah sastra. Kajian dilakukan dengan menganalisis kolofon naskah yang berisi cerita Mahabharata yang ada di koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional RI. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran sistem penyewaan naskah cerita Mahabharata di Melayu pada abad ke-19. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sistem penyewaan naskah cerita Mahabharata di Melayu memperlihatkan fungsi nilai ekonomi sastra pada masa tersebut. Selain itu, proses penyalinannya berfungsi sebagai usaha mempopulerkan cerita Mahabharata dan pemertahanan budaya tulis Arab-Melayu.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis literatur yang terkait dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam kurikulum pembelajaran melalui tinjauan literatur yang sistematis. Artikel ini menganalisis literatur melalui database elektronik yang diperoleh dari Scopus. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan pada  tinjauan literatur sistematis adalah Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, dan Harzing's Publish or Perish. Berdasarkan dari hasil pencarian artikel dengan menggunakan Harzing's Publish or Perish diperoleh 759 publikasi yang diterbitkan tahun 1944 hingga 2021 untuk analisis lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian ini disajikan dengan menggunakan indikator bibliometrik umum seperti produktivitas penelitian dalam hal tahun publikasi, jenis dokumen, bidang subjek, analisis kata kunci, kepengarangan, dan analisis kutipan. Secara keseluruhan, jumlah peningkatan tulisan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa sangat penting dalam pembelajaran abad ke-21. Guru dapat menggunakan pendekatan dan strategi pembelajran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.

Water management is very influenced by economy or tourism and determined by profit gain. Drought, pollution, and poaching conflict occur which show how people today do not know how to maintain water wisely. On the other hand, people in indigenous villages have ways to maintain quality water. One of it is explored by Ghorbani et al. He explores how indigenous science is applied to create a better water distribution and drought postponement in Jiroft County, Iran. This qualitative paper aims to explain the hydro-social relation of another indigenous religion, it is known as Bali Aga. Supported by literature study, this paper argues that Bali Aga’s religion-based hydro-social relation is effective in water management. This paper contributes to and has implication for water management in other places around the planet.

This study aims to describe, build, and maintain an attitude of tolerance in the era of society 5.0. The character of tolerance is a fundamental need of a pluralistic society. Tolerance creates a sense of serenity, peace, harmony and prosperity in social life. Willingness to side by side keeps people away from conflict, social tension, hostility, and division. Adolescents need direction, stimulus, and an environment to grow and implement a tolerant character. This study used a quantitative experimental research method. The research population was class X SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang. The aims of the study were: 1) to measure the effectiveness of the TGT method in increasing students' tolerance, 2) to improve student learning achievement using the module-assisted TGT method, 3) to strengthen tolerance so that student learning outcomes increase. The results showed that: 1) the module-assisted TGT method was considered effective in increasing students' tolerance, 2) TGT treatment improved student achievement, 3) tolerance had a significant influence on student learning outcomes.

Administrative financial education is an important component in the field of education to obtain educational facilities, including in Kober TK Islamic Center. Recording of acceptance and management of school financial administration at the Kober TK Islamic Center using handwriting or has not been computerized, which can result in a lot of bookkeeping, writing errors, and delays in financial reporting. In addition to the long recording process, data search also takes a long time, which can make it difficult for administrative staff to process acceptance and manage financial administration. Based on the problems in the Kober TK Islamic Center, it is necessary to build an information system that can assist in recording and managing financial administration. This information system creates using the MySQL database, the PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) programming language, and Sublime Text for the text editor. the test server uses XAMPP, and the data used is obtained from Kober TK Islamic Center. The expected results of this final project are to assist employees in recording acceptance and managing financial administration efficiently. Then, for this project, it is hoped that it can also assist in the acceptance and management of financial administration in the Kober TK Islamic Center.

In Indonesia, the central issue of all elections is the management of election money. This issue creates various consequences for election administrators, voters, and voters, so increasing monetary policy practices also becomes a major issue in every election administration. The amount of money circulating in the 2024 election will likely increase from the 2019 legislative election. This is based on several factors. First, the electoral system and mechanism have not changed since 2019. This means that the personal side of elections, or the orientation of competition, still relies on candidates, not political parties. Second, the direction of the 2024 Pileg contestation is still based on the popularity and personality of the candidates. Third, to be elected, each candidate continues to try to increase his popularity, increase campaign activities, and finance himself.

This article aims to describe the aesthetic values found in novels. Aesthetic values in novels are a form of creativity of the author. Aesthetic values include beauty in terms of language, storytelling, depiction of nature that is so real, character features, and depiction of the environment. The beauty of the character description of each character that is packaged in the unity of the sentence is the background of research related to the aesthetics contained in Indonesian novels. The data collection of this research is done by reading and writing techniques using the library research method and is descriptive in nature with data sources coming from Indonesian novels. The author describes the aesthetic value based on the beauty of the language chosen appropriately. The aesthetic values in the novel can be seen from the strengthening of the character, the use of figurative words and the hyperbolic depiction of the storyline. The results of this study can be an insight for literature lovers and focus on sentences that arouse readers' emotions

Learning is a process of interaction between students and educators who are members of opportunities for students to develop their potential so that all their potential can develop to the fullest. Through learning, students will acquire knowledge, skills, and character attitudes. The problem is that writing skills are much more difficult and more complicated than other linguistic aspects, namely listening skills, speaking skills, and reading skills. Another obstacle encountered in learning to write short stories comes from students. Students do not like short story writing lessons. This study uses a qualitative approach. This type of research is a case study. Data was collected through document study/literature study and interviews. This study aims to overcome how students experience problems writing short story texts in the learning process. The results and discussion of the research are the Study Case Problems of Learning Short Story Writing in Lhokman, South Aceh by discussing several aspects such as obstacles when teaching both from teacher students and learning, learning solutions and strategies, evaluation in learning, student characteristics, and teacher efforts to overcome differences in learning.

This research was conducted to analyze language errors in the drama script "My Father Pulang" by Usmar Ismail, aiming to identify language errors in the areas of syntax and diction. Then this study describes the mistakes. The method used in this study uses a descriptive-qualitative method. This type of research makes descriptions, makes descriptions, which are factual and accurate with the data. Qualitative methods are used to provide descriptions and explanations that are very clear, objective, analytical, systematic, and critical of language errors in the drama script "My Father Pulang". As for the results of this study there are diction errors, errors in the use of excessive words, and errors in syntax. Diction errors are related to errors in word selection in drama script sentences so that the meaning is not quite right. Errors in the use of excessive words, namely words that are used less effectively in one sentence that has more meaning. While the syntax field errors with inappropriate prepositions and related to morphology.

This study aims to determine the intensity of the use of Indonesian and how much influence the intensity of the use of Indonesian has on the local community, namely West Java. Some of the influences or impacts of using Indonesian on regional languages (Sundanese/West Java). The positive impact is: the Indonesian language has a lot of vocabulary, as the cultural wealth of the Indonesian people, as an identity and characteristic of a tribe and region, and creates intimacy in communication. There are so many regional languages from each region, one with another, for example, for the West Java region, Sundanese has Sundanese as the regional language, while Medan has Batak language as the regional language. This regional language can distinguish one region from another. The regional language for its speakers has been ingrained because it is used every day. With the existence of regional languages, the Indonesian people are bilingual (bilingual) people who master more than one language, namely regional languages, Indonesian, and foreign languages.

The purpose of making this journal is to find out the meaning of the lyrics of the song "Asmalibrasi" then the next goal is to find out what language styles or figure of speech are contained in the lyrics of the song "Asmalibrasi" and some of our goals, especially in this song, are devoted to teenagers who are in love.  tried to proceed to a more serious stage, namely marriage but the couple had doubts because of the many problems that arose but the couple was finally able to proceed to the marriage stage because by lowering their respective egos.  The theory we use is according to several well-known experts. The method we use in this journal is by listening to the song and reading the lyrics to the song.  The result of our analysis is that each lyric of the song “Asmalibrasi” contains many meanings that we must learn. Our recommendation is to be careful in choosing each partner, not because of the standard of society.

This research is motivated by the existence of one marketplace application. This study discusses the style of language in featured advertisements in the application. Advertising language style has the ability to convince readers by playing words or phrases so that readers are influenced to use the product. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the style of advertising language in the shopee application. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study is the style of advertising language and the source of the data in the study is advertisements for shopee features that appear on youtube and television. The data collection technique in this study is the method of listening. Based on the results of the discussion on the analysis of the use of advertising language style on YouTube, it can be concluded that the Shopee application uses persuasive language style in the advertisements that are displayed, namely the use of repetition figurehead

In 2022, Indonesia will host the G20 Summit with one of the goals agreed upon by G20 members is to reduce carbon emissions produced by each G20 country. Therefore, a model design was made to consider the most optimal policy to overcome this. The research uses a dynamic system model, with the process of identifying and defining problems, system conceptualization, model formulation, model simulation, verification and validation of policy analysis models, and policy implementation. The most optimum result is the imposition of a tax per carbon emission on producing sources with an effectiveness of 20%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat mortalitas, berat badan, dan nilai Feeding Conversion Ratio (FCR) pada usaha peternakan ayam broiler di dua kandang mitra PT. Cemerlang Unggas Lestari (PT. CUL). Metode yang digunakan yaitu percobaan, dengan membandingkan tingkat mortalitas, berat panen, dan FCR ayam broiler yang dipelihara pada dua kandang berbeda yang dipanen umur 35 hari. Analisis data dengan uji t bebas antara lokasi pengamatan di dua kandang yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas pada dua kandang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (p > 0,05). Berat panen pada dua kandang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p < 0,05). Nilai FCR pada dua kandang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ayam broiler yang dipelihara rutin dengan pemberian pakan, obat, vitamin, dan vaksinasi yang sesuai, serta perkandangan yang baik akan menghasilkan hasil panen ayam broiler yang lebih produktif. Beberapa faktor yang memungkinkan terjadinya berbedaan nilai berat panen pada dua kandang berbeda seperti manajemen pemeliharaan rutin, manajemen perkandangan, jumlah ayam dipanen saat panen penjarangan atau panen ayam kecil. Produksi panen ayam broiler di mitra PT. CUL termasuk dalam kategori baik dan cukup produktif, sehingga mampu memberikan suplai produksi ayam broiler yang berkelanjutan.

Behind the success of successful online teaching and learning, there must be careful preparation in creating or building the system. Some complaints that are around us are that some students have difficulty in online-based mathematics learning. Some of them have difficulty signaling due to cloudy or rainy weather, not having money to buy internet quota, boredom during the teaching, and learning process, and difficulty understanding the material in online learning. Although there are examples that have been explained by the teacher, they still do not understand what their teacher teaches them. The teacher had already made learning materials using instructional video media, but it was still not enough for students to understand the polynomial material taught by the teacher, and according to the teacher the main problem was that the students' ability to memorize formulas was still lacking. The objectives of this research to see validity, effectiveness and practicality of the video development using PowerPoint and Filmora application. This research is development research that applies the Dick & Carey development model. This research focuses on developing learning videos using PowerPoint as a learning media, and Filmora as a learning video editing medium.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of SMP IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang Private Middle School in the 2022/2023 academic year. The type of research used is Quasi Experimental with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample used was 35 students who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out using test instruments. Data analysis technique is done by descriptive analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average value in the experimental class is 87.3935 and in the control class is 54.3639, which means that there is a difference in the posttest average scores in the experimental class and the control class. Based on the Independent Sample T-Test, the value of Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. The tcount value is 8.428 and the ttable value is 2.03452, which means that tcount > ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Realistic Mathematical Education (RME) approach on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VIII students of Private Middle School IT Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang.

This research seeks deeper information about religious moderation in terms of acceptance of tradition. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, and several of these methods were intended to obtain information and a clear picture of the focus of the problem discussing religious moderation within the framework of acceptance of tradition. By conducting field observations, interviews, and inputting literacy sources that are relevant to the research theme, the researcher categorizes the data, presents the data, and concludes the data according to the focus of the problem. This study confirms that, religious moderation must be carried out by every human being, because basically in an order in society the realization of harmony is desired, especially in the realization of religious moderation through the implementation of traditions. In carrying out this tradition, the community wants to create unity, brotherhood and harmony by upholding the value of religious moderation as an effort to accept the tradition. They mingle with everyone because this is a form of love and self-awareness as creatures that are able to be tolerant of inter-religious beliefs, so as to create a balanced life in the aim of religious moderation. In establishing social relations, Christians must also not close themselves off. In line with the teachings in the Church's document, Gaudium Et Spes 24. In the perspective of harmony and spirituality of the people in Tegalsambi Village towards tradition, they are not fanatical and exaggerated in their religious practices. Habits and traditions that are still carried out today are factors that increase harmony, harmony and harmony in society. The community feels free, and is given space to channel inspiration, creation, and aspirations in social life. In Javanese terminology, it is commonly referred to as Manunggaling Kawula Gusti, which means life manifested in harmony without any tension or mental disturbance.

One of the efforts to detect deviations in child development is by early detection, so that prevention, stimulation, healing and recovery efforts can be given correctly according to the indications. Detection for growth and development is an effort that needs to be supported, because it is one way to prepare quality future generations. Based on a preliminary survey conducted on mothers who had toddlers visiting Posyandu in Randusari village, it was found that mothers did not understand developmental stimulation in toddlers in order to detect early developmental delays.The prevalence of toddlers experiencing the greatest stunting at the beginning of 2022 in Tegal Regency is in Pagerbarang District (40%) exceeding the target set by the government which is no more than 20%. The technique of implementing community service is carried out by providing education on toddler development using KPSP.The results of the implementation of community service which was attended by 60 participants, namely education related to stimulation of development with KPSP, that most mothers of toddlers have understood the meaning of development, stages of development according to the age of their children, and stimulation of development that can be carried out by mothers and families. With the enthusiasm of the participants, local area stakeholders hope that similar activities can be carried out continuously in the working area of ​​the Pagerbarang Health Center. The output of the service also results in the publication of scientific articles related to the stimulation of growth and development of toddlers.

                Quality public services are called the best services that meet service quality standards. The best service standards that meet service quality standards are benchmarks that are used as guidelines for service delivery and service quality assessment references as service obligations to the community in the context of quality services. This research is about the Achievement of Public Service Quality at the Civil Registration Office of Seram Bagian Barat Regency, which uses a descriptive qualitative approach, a descriptive qualitative approach decides on a particular unit, where the problem is examined comprehensively, in detail, and various in-depth variables are then examined and made, including the possible relationship between existing variables. To realize quality public services, it is necessary to increase satisfaction with the community. The appearance and ability of physical facilities and infrastructure with the surrounding environment is tangible evidence of a service provided by service providers including the physical facilities of the  service place,  the  equipment used,  and  the appearance  of  employees  in  serving  the community. To improve the quality of service at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Seram Bagian Barat Regency, researchers suggest that: Disdukcapil of West Seram Regency should add service support facilities or service infrastructure, for example by adding chairs and putting fans or air conditioners and providing reading books, newspapers, or magazines in the waiting room.

This research is a descriptive qualitative study that aims to analyze the Evaluation of the Implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program in Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon District.                 This research was conducted in Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon Sub-district. Primary data were collected through interviews with a number of informants who were directly involved in the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program in Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon Sub-district.                 The results showed that the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program in Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon Sub-district went well despite the many obstacles encountered. This can be seen from 6 (six) policy evaluation criteria namely effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness and accuracy where four of them have not been implemented optimally. So for the suggestions submitted, namely the need to submit the latest data or government officials must make updates related to Non-Cash Food Assistance for underprivileged people who do not get assistance and consult directly with village assistants, the Government as the organizer is obliged to provide socialization to Beneficiary Families about the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program, the Government also needs to improve administrative data on families who receive benefits.