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This research is a theological study of Job's suffering. In order to make this suffering relevant to believers, one of the books that attracts attention to be discussed is the book of Job. Job's story is still a topic of conversation to this day when someone faces suffering. Suffering can be experienced by humans, both men and women, both young and old, rich and poor, even children. Every Christian person or family must have faced tragedies in their own lives, for example death, loss of property, illness, economic crisis and ect. Job was a man who was pious, honest, feared God and shunned evil and could experience severe and extreme suffering. The goal is that Christians are motivated to persist in the faith, when suffering is unavoidable.                 Based on a theological study of the story of Job's suffering, several correct understandings of the emergence of suffering are obtained which are relevant for the lives of Christian families who experience suffering and strengthen Christian families who experience suffering. The Christian family cannot be separated from the reality of suffering and one day the Christian's faith will be tested by God. However, this suffering should make you increasingly know God and glorify Him.

In Indonesia, the Christian faith is often misunderstood in the context of religious pluralism. Aware of the multi-religious nature of this nation, consideration arises as to what appropriate ideas can be applied to communicating the Christian faith within the context of interfaith theology. The challenges and opportunities in communicating the Christian faith must also be considered. Challenges within interfaith communities include the potential for exclusivism and dogmatism, pluralism, relativism, and inclusivism. These pose significant challenges and dangers to one's faith. If the confession that Jesus is the only Way of Salvation is not sensitive to these circumstances, it can erode, leading to a tendency to deny and equate all religions with the same. This research uses a qualitative method focused on literature review, where sources are obtained from books, journals, and other scholarly works. All scientific references used align with the theme of this paper, namely, "Opportunities and Challenges of Christian Faith Within the Framework of the Theology of Religions."

This article discusses the meaning of marriage as a holy covenant from the perspective of the New Testament, particularly for Christian couples who have not been blessed with children. This study employs a qualitative method through literature review of the Bible, theological books, and relevant scientific sources. The findings show that, in Christian teaching, the value of marriage is not solely determined by the presence of children, but rather by unity, love, and commitment centered on Christ. Marriage is seen as a reflection of the relationship between Christ and His church, requiring faithfulness and perseverance in facing life’s challenges, including the struggle of childlessness. New Testament theological principles provide comfort and strength for couples to remain faithful in marriage, and emphasize the importance of building a family that reflects God’s love and truth, regardless of having children.

This technical guidance (bimtek) activity was held with the primary objective of improving the digital capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) members of the Papua Gallery in Sorong City. The approach used was quite unique because it combined information technology, specifically the e-commerce platform Odoo, with a sociological perspective of religion. This approach places the values of faith, community ethics, and local culture as the main foundation in the digital transformation process being carried out. This activity was carried out by a team of lecturers from Victory University Sorong from the Information Systems and Sociology of Religion Study Program, and involved students as part of community service. The implementation process included several stages: an assessment of MSMEs' digital needs, technical training on using Odoo, direct assistance in implementing the dare store, evaluation of results, and ongoing follow-up. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in digital literacy among MSMEs, success in creating and managing online stores independently, and a growing awareness that business digitization is not only an economic necessity, but also part of spiritual and social responsibility. In addition, this activity also helped strengthen the branding and presence of local Papuan culture through digital media. This faith- and cultural-based training model has proven effective and relevant for replication in other MSME communities in different regions, especially those with strong local cultural and religious potential.

Understanding ecclesiology plays a crucial role in the structure and life of the church, because through ecclesiology, the church can recognize its identity and understand its purpose and calling in the world. Proper ecclesiology is the basis for the formation of church organizations and the implementation of religious practices. With this understanding, the church can carry out its function as a community of faith that reflects the love and truth of Christ in life together. GKPI is one of the churches that adheres to Luther's ecclesiology. This study aims to see how the ecclesiology understood by Martin Luther is used as the basis for the theology of church order in GKPI.

Suicide is an act committed by individuals against themselves. This study aims to investigate the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in preventing suicide among young people. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study approach, where data is collected through analysis and description of information from various sources, including books and journal articles. The results of the study show that CRE contributes to preventing suicide through the formation of identity and meaning in life. By emphasizing Christian values and biblical knowledge, CRE helps teenagers find meaning in life and strengthen their faith. Through engaging teaching methods, CRE empowers youth to appreciate themselves and face life's challenges with a positive attitude. Additionally, social community support integrated within CRE is vital for the mental health of adolescents, creating a safe and supportive environment. Mental health and spirituality are interrelated, with CRE playing a role in developing spiritual maturity and providing a strong moral foundation. Thus, young people can maintain their mental and spiritual health and find hope amid difficulties.

The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

This paper investigates various forms of church training for children, highlighting the central role of the family as the primary foundation. Based on a theological interpretation of Job 5:18 and an understanding of the family as a "mini church," this article explores how the family functions as the primary agent in instilling Christian values ​​through education, character education, faith and moral cultivation, and parental role models. In addition, this paper identifies the unique characteristics of children in terms of nature, needs, physical, mental, moral, psycho-social, and faith development that need to be considered in designing effective training strategies. Furthermore, this article outlines the main materials of child training and various implementation strategies that can be applied by churches and families, including increasing Sunday school services, age grouping, dexterity training, utilization of literature, emphasizing God's love and calling, and teaching principles from Proverbs 22:6. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of children and the development of empathy in the effort to foster the next generation of church members who are faithful and have Christian character.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Akidah Akhlak learning in developing religious character among 8th-grade students at SMP NU Kajen. Religious character serves as the foundation of Islamic education in facing moral degradation challenges in the globalization era. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The results show that Akidah Akhlak learning is implemented through: (1) planning (integrated curriculum development and character-based lesson plans), (2) implementation (experiential learning, teacher modeling, and habituation), and (3) evaluation (authentic assessment). The formation of religious character is manifested in five dimensions: faith, worship, morals, knowledge, and practice. Supporting factors include pesantren-based school environment, parental support, and extracurricular religious programs, while inhibiting factors include social media influence, limited learning time, and diverse student backgrounds.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency. Qualitative setting field research takes the object of the implementation of Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah, located in Luwihan Hamlet, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency for two months from March to April 2025, with research subjects including the congregation of the sect, community leaders, and religious leaders. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the Tarjumah teachings are a legacy of K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i's thoughts which emphasize three main principles in Islamic education, namely the formation of strong faith, the development of noble morals (akhlaqul karimah), and the practice of Islamic law as a whole (kaffah). This concept not only emphasizes theoretical or cognitive aspects, but also focuses on the formation of real character and behavior in accordance with Islamic values ​​in everyday life. The implementation of Islamic education in this teaching is carried out through various religious activities that are integrated with community life, such as regular religious studies in mosques, prayer rooms, or residents' homes, with the main material in the form of Javanese tarjumah books containing Islamic teachings in the form of nadham, including aqidah, worship, muamalah, and manners. In addition, the implementation of congregational worship such as the five daily prayers, dhuha prayers, and dhikr activities, are also effective educational media. This fact shows the harmony between teaching, habituation, and exemplary behavior, where Islamic values ​​are not only taught, but are manifested in social interactions in society through joint religious activities, traditions of mutual assistance, concern for the environment, and efforts to maintain social harmony. Thus, Islamic education in the teachings of Tarjumah Jam’iyah Rifa’iyah has proven to be able to form a society that is religious, has character, and consistently practices Islamic teachings in everyday life. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more widely the comparative implementation of tarjumah teachings in other regions and its impact on positive social change in more depth.  

This study aims to discuss the hadiths regarding hubbullah. The method used in this study is a qualitative type which interprets the matan (text) using the thematic method approach (maudhu'i). The results of the discussion include the meaning and urgency of hubbullah, various forms of love in Islam, and hadiths related to hubbullah. The love of a servant to Allah must exceed his love for himself and his parents, siblings, friends, and others. Hubbullah itself is a form of a servant's faith in Allah and His Messenger, also loving fellow creatures on earth and the universe. With love for Allah and obedience and obedience to all His commands and prohibitions, a person will not care about the world more than his Lord. God has arranged everything that happens on this earth so that humans can go through everything that God has given. This research concludes that the hadiths related to hubbullah teach spiritual values to love God more than the world.

This study aims to further explore the dimensions of humor in Jesus' teachings and its implications for the practice of Christianity in the contemporary era. Although humor is often overlooked in a spiritual context, this study aims to further explain Jesus' humor, which functions as the most effective communication tool to convey deeper spiritual messages. In addition, through techniques such as irony, hyperbole, and parables, Jesus not only aims to entertain, but also encourages listeners to reflect on better moral values. This finding has highlighted the importance of integrating humor into the spiritual experience of Christians, which can create a more inclusive approach to forming an atmosphere of joy and laughter as an integral part of faith. Therefore, through this study, the author focuses on the importance of understanding Jesus' humor in order to improve understanding of spiritual experiences and also strengthen the bonds of the church community.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed various aspects of life, including the religious sphere. Cyber Church has emerged as an innovation that allows churches to reach a broader congregation through digital media without relying on physical gatherings. This study aims to analyze the concept of Cyber Church, the role of technology in transforming church worship and ministry, its impact on congregational spiritual growth, and the integration of digital innovation with traditional church values. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing from various journal articles and academic books. The findings reveal that Cyber Church provides significant opportunities for churches to engage with the digital generation while posing challenges in maintaining spiritual depth and personal interactions within faith communities. Furthermore, the integration of technology with church traditions is crucial to ensuring that digital innovation does not replace the essence of fellowship, which has long been the foundation of the church. Thus, this study asserts that Cyber Church should be understood as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for conventional church ministry.

This article explains about Deborah's leadership as reflected in the narrative with Barak in the Book of Judges chapter 4 verses 1 to 24. Deborah was a woman chosen by God to lead the Israelites against the oppression carried out by King Jabin and the army under the leadership of Sisera. In this story, Deborah shows that a true leader must have strong faith, courage in making decisions, and wisdom in giving guidance. Although Barak had doubts at first, he eventually obeyed Deborah's orders with the belief that God would give him victory. Deborah's leadership teaches us that a leader does not only depend on their strength or position, but also on obedience to God and the ability to collaborate with others. This article also discusses how Deborah's leadership principles can be applied in our lives today, both in the church, society, and the workplace. The main message is that good leaders are those who have faith, courage, wisdom, and the ability to build solid cooperation.

The Book of Psalms is an important part of the Old Testament worship and theology tradition, reflecting the dynamics of human emotions in their relationship with God. Psalms 146-150 specifically highlight aspects of prayer and praise as expressions of joyful and hopeful faith. This study aims to interpret theologically how these five psalms describe the emotional response of believers to the work and character of God. With an exegetical and biblical theological approach, this study finds that Psalms 146-150 form a climax in the structure of the Book of Psalms, emphasizing the supremacy of praise as the primary form of worship. In addition, this study highlights how the emotional aspects of these psalms function not only as a reflection of individual faith experiences but also as a collective appeal for the community of believers. Thus, Psalms 146-150 emphasize that prayer and praise are the primary means of expressing the relationship between humans and God, while inspiring a spiritual life centered on worship.  

The purpose of this study is to determine the judge's considerations in issuing a decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force and the legal consequences of the decision stating that the certificate of ownership does not have binding legal force based on the initial survey conducted by the researcher, it was found that the lawsuit was filed after 5 years had passed. This study uses normative legal research with a case study (case approach). Data collection uses literature studies. Data collection and processing procedures are carried out using qualitative legal analysis. The results of the study indicate that the requirements for a certificate of ownership that does not have legal force that are often violated are the lack of good faith in obtaining the land. Meanwhile, violations of the requirements for land that is not directly or indirectly controlled by the owner, although related to other requirements, do not mean that the Certificate of Ownership has strong legal force. This is because of the requirements of Article 32 paragraph 2 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. There are several legal consequences. These legal consequences can be divided into two types, namely legal consequences that apply retroactively or backward and legal consequences that apply forward. As well as the legal consequences and in substance, these legal consequences are in line with the form of achievement in contract law as regulated in Article 1234 of the Civil Code.

This article aims to explain the theological relationship between Israel and the Church as God's people, as discussed in biblical studies, and to relate it to the history and development of the Church in Indonesia. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this paper explores key theological concepts regarding Israel and the Church, examining how these understandings shape the Church’s mission, identity, and role. The study spans from the colonial era to the digital age, highlighting how historical and cultural contexts influence ecclesial expressions. The article argues that while the Church does not replace Israel as God's covenant people, it participates in God's redemptive plan through Christ. In the Indonesian context, the Church manifests its identity as God's chosen people by embracing local wisdom, cultural diversity, and a contextual mission. This dynamic relationship reflects the Church’s calling to live out its faith in Christ within a pluralistic society, contributing to nation-building and bearing witness to the Gospel in relevant and transformative ways.

It is essential to have a correct understanding of the true meaning of worship, according to Psalm 95:6-7. The concept of worship in the book of Psalms is more related to the closeness of the people's hearts to God than just rituals or outward ways. In this text, all people are invited to come with sincere respect and worship to God, as a recognition of His power and sovereignty. Understanding that worship is not just a task or routine is part of kuni in applying the correct understanding of the meaning of worship. In the book of Psalms, God is described as a shepherd who cares for His people. This shows that people perform worship in response to God's love and providence. As a result, a transformational approach must involve a change of mind and heart. In the context of Psalm 95:6-7, the transformational strategy in question involves fostering the spiritual character of the people through in-depth teaching and the application of spiritual principles in daily life. This strategy includes understanding the importance of sincerity in worship, not just following established forms of worship. In this regard, spiritual leaders and church leaders have an important role in providing guidance, teaching the faithful to understand the meaning of true worship, and helping them avoid the bonds of worship formalities. In addition, transformational strategies in worship also include the participation of the faithful in social life that reflects values such as love, justice, and sacrifice, which are at the core of worship itself.

Islamic education is not only aimed at transferring knowledge, but also at forming a complete human being through the development of spiritual, intellectual, and moral aspects. Surah Al-Fatihah as the opening of the Qur'an contains educational values ​​that are very relevant to be used as a foundation in forming human awareness of Allah in the educational process. This article examines the concept of Islamic education through three main terms, namely at-tarbiyah, at-ta'lim, and at-ta'dib, and identifies educational values ​​in Surah Al-Fatihah such as the values ​​of faith, worship, sharia, and stories as instruments of character formation. In addition, the discussion focuses on the role of Surah Al-Fatihah in building the spiritual awareness of students and strengthening the vertical relationship with Allah SWT. The results of the study show that Surah Al-Fatihah is not only a ritual reading, but also an integrative and applicable framework of values ​​in Islamic education. By making this Surah the foundation of learning, the educational process can be directed to produce perfect human beings who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also spiritually strong and have noble morals.

The purpose of this study is to examine the principle of good faith , which is a fundamental aspect of corporate governance, which ensures fair treatment for all shareholders, including minority shareholders. This study examines the application of good faith in the third General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) in relation to the protection of minority shareholders, focusing on Decision Number 389/PDT.P/2019/PN.CKR. This study aims to analyze the court's reasons behind the issuance of the Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard decision at the third GMS and to evaluate the legal protection mechanisms available to minority shareholders. This study uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing legal norms and judicial precedents related to corporate governance and shareholder rights. The research findings reveal that minority shareholders often face legal uncertainty and procedural disadvantages in GMS decisions, especially when the principle of good faith is not upheld. The court's rejection of the third GMS application highlights the need for a more comprehensive legal framework to protect the interests of minority shareholders and ensure a fair corporate decision-making process. This study contributes to the corporate governance discourse by emphasizing the importance of procedural fairness and legal certainty in shareholder meetings