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This research is motivated by the importance of financial management, especially financial accounting, as the key to company sustainability, however, it was found that CV. Rensa Wallpaper, although it has made financial reports (Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statement), its implementation is not in accordance with SAK ETAP and there is no urgency to make other reports (such as equity change reports and cash flow reports). The type of research used is a case study research using a qualitative method, namely a method that collects, compiles, interprets, and analyzes data to solve the problems faced. While the research approach used is a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Overall, the results of the study indicate that although CV. Rensa Wallpaper carries out financial management that includes four basic elements (Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling), the implementation of its financial reporting is still incomplete and not fully in accordance with SAK ETAP due to the incompleteness of the reports presented (there is no Statement of Changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement) and the existence of account items that are not presented in the Balance Sheet.

Low levels of political literacy and political participation awareness among female university students remain a challenge for strengthening democracy at the local level. This condition is also found among female students in East Lombok, who tend to perceive political participation narrowly and lack the skills and confidence to engage actively as citizens. This community service program aims to enhance political literacy, participatory awareness, and the capacity of female students to understand and practice political participation in a critical and responsible manner. The program was implemented at the Institut Teknologi Sosial dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Selong using a community organizing approach integrated into the academic learning process. The methods included participatory discussions, mentoring, simulations, and critical reflection, positioning female students as active subjects throughout the activities. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of the meaning and forms of political participation, increased confidence in expressing opinions, and the emergence of new awareness regarding their roles as democratic citizens. In addition, a female student discussion group was formed as a space for collective learning and an early platform for local leadership. This program highlights the role of higher education institutions in promoting social transformation and strengthening women’s political participation at the local level.

Curriculum management is a strategic component of Islamic education because it plays an important role in achieving educational objectives and internalizing Islamic values within the learning process. Nevertheless, in practice, many schools continue to face managerial challenges in implementing the curriculum effectively. This study aims to evaluate curriculum management at MTs Persis 23 Cirengit based on the core functions of Islamic Educational Management, namely Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC). The research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis, and were analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The findings reveal that the POAC functions have been formally applied but have not yet operated as an integrated managerial cycle oriented toward continuous quality improvement. Curriculum planning remains largely procedural, organizing is not sufficiently participatory, implementation depends heavily on individual teacher capacity, and supervision is mostly administrative with limited follow-up actions.

People with disabilities continue to experience barriers in accessing education, employment, and social participation, requiring active government involvement through inclusive programs. One such initiative is the International Disability Day event organized by the South Tangerang City Social Service in collaboration with Rumah I’m Star. This study aims to analyze the public relations activities of the South Tangerang City Social Service by examining problem identification, planning, implementation, and interpretation in organizing the event. The research is based on the public relations model of Cutlip, Center, and Broom, which includes four stages: defining the problem, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving purposively selected informants from the Public Relations Division of the Social Service, the founder of Rumah I’m Star, beneficiaries, and public relations experts. The findings show that the Social Service identified low public awareness of disability issues as the main problem and responded by developing a collaborative communication strategy with Rumah I’m Star. The activities implemented included art performances, talk shows, and a bazaar showcasing the works of persons with disabilities, which were disseminated digitally. Program evaluation was conducted internally without standardized measurement instruments, limiting interpretation to event outcomes and participant involvement. Overall, the study concludes that these public relations efforts enhanced government communication and promoted inclusion awareness, although broader public engagement is needed for sustainable impact.

One of the classic problems of Semarang City as a metropolitan city is related to the arrangement of the transportation system until now not resolved comprehensively. The arrangement of transportation in Semarang City as a trigger for the emergence of problems disproportionate number of vehicles to the number of passengers or residents compared to the volume of roads passed by motorized vehicles in Semarang City. With the increasing population of Semarang City on the one increasing motorized vehicles, the increasing number of motorized vehicles if not balanced with the number or volume of roads passed by motorized vehicles every day, every hour has the consequence of congestion and chaos on several roads in Semarang City. Referring to these conditions, the Semarang City Government is trying to overcome transportation problems by organizing road-based public transportation known as BRT or Bus Rapid Transit Trans Semarang which was first rolled out on September 18, 2009. The legal aspects that underlie the BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) Trans Semarang service are Law No. 22 of 2009, No. 25 of 2009. The Trans Semarang Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service is expected to address transportation management issues in Semarang, a growing metropolitan city. In this qualitative study, the researcher describes the quality of BRT implementation in Semarang from a legal perspective.

This study aims to describe the application of management functions in pastoral care for PLHIV. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The study was conducted at the HKBP AIDS Ministry (HAM) Balige. Research Findings indicate that the implementation of pastoral care management functions such as planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring and evaluation has been carried out well. The planning stage generally concerns the foundation's readiness to provide assistance in the form of data collection on the identity of the assisted, infrastructure, and scheduling. The organizing stage includes the division of personnel tasks, the formation of peer groups as service partners. The implementation stage is the aspect of implementing pastoral care with the aim of realizing assistance for PLHIV through early detection facilities, providing medication to PLHIV, and educating the community in the form of socialization or seminars. The monitoring stage is carried out by monitoring the progress of the assisted through ARV compliance forms. Meanwhile, evaluation of pastoral care for PLHIV is carried out in weekly meetings to ensure all activities are carried out properly. The implications of these findings support the principle of the importance of managerial aspects in pastoral care so that the assistance is more effective, structured and sustainable so that efforts to improve the quality of life and the healing process of PLHIV can be enhanced.

The development of information and communication technology in the digital era has increased access to and productivity of scholarly publications, while also creating challenges in managing academic literature and references. Final-year students, particularly those from non–Information Technology programs, often experience difficulties in organizing references systematically, maintaining citation consistency, and avoiding unintentional plagiarism. This article aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of a community service program that provided training on the use of Mendeley as a personal digital library for managing scholarly literature. The program was conducted over two days using a participatory and hands-on approach involving students from Universitas Tamansiswa in Padang. The training methods included conceptual lectures, live demonstrations, and practical sessions covering Mendeley installation, reference management, automatic citation, and bibliography generation. The results indicate improvements in participants’ understanding and skills in reference management, as well as increased awareness of academic integrity. Overall, the training proved effective in enhancing efficiency and writing quality in the preparation of theses or final projects.

This study elaborates on the concept of humanism in Islamic educational philosophy by highlighting in greater depth the role of humans as caliphs on earth. Humanism from an Islamic perspective not only focuses on humans as rational beings but also emphasizes the moral, spiritual, and social responsibilities inherent in the mandate of the caliphate. This study applies a qualitative approach with a literature study, where data is obtained from various written sources such as scientific articles and academic publications that discuss humanism in Islamic education and the concept of the human caliphate. The data collection process is carried out through searching, selecting, and organizing literature relevant to the focus of the study. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive-qualitative techniques through the stages of simplifying information, grouping findings, and formulating systematic conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the position of humans as caliphs requires the development of intellectual, ethical, and spiritual potential in an integrated manner in the educational process. Therefore, Islamic education needs to be directed towards a holistic humanization process, which not only strengthens reasoning and social character but also fosters a transcendental awareness of human relationships with God, fellow humans, and nature. Thus, humanism in Islamic education is not secular, liberal, or anthropocentric, but is firmly rooted in divine values ​​that harmoniously unite the divine and human dimensions.

The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is a teaching strategy that focuses on students being the main participants in their education by engaging in the resolution of actual problems. This article looks into how PBL is applied in the classroom, its effects on enhancing students' critical thinking abilities, and the primary attributes of this model that aid in developing problem-solving skills. PBL consists of five key phases: identifying a challenge, organizing research efforts, performing both individual and group inquiries, gathering and sharing findings, and reflecting on the process. These phases create a learning experience that promotes teamwork, self-directed research, and thorough analysis of information. Findings from this research reveal that PBL significantly enhances students' critical thinking skills, particularly in areas like analysis, assessment of evidence, solution formulation, and articulating arguments logically. Furthermore, features of PBL, which include prioritizing students, addressing real-world issues, fostering self-directed learning, encouraging group collaboration, and positioning the teacher as a guide, play a crucial role in enhancing problem-solving capabilities. By tackling issues that relate to their daily lives, PBL motivates students to independently build knowledge, foster innovation, and reinforce their autonomy in the learning journey.

Creative writing plays an important role in developing students’ imagination, self- expression, and language competence in the digital era. However, many learners still struggle with generating ideas, maintaining motivation, and gaining confidence in writing. This study aims to analyze how the use of Wattpad, viewed through the Social Constructivist framework, can enhance students’ creative writing skills, motivation, and confidence. This research applies a qualitative descriptive approach supported by survey data from 30 high school students who actively use Wattpad. The results show that 95.7% of respondents have used Wattpad before, with most of them using it to read and learn from other writers. A total of 60.9% of respondents stated that reading other writers’ works was the most helpful for improving their writing, while 17.4% highlighted peer comments and feedback as additional support. Despite its benefits, 43.5% of students mentioned difficulty in organizing ideas as their main challenge. Open-ended responses revealed that positive feedback and community interaction on Wattpad helped increase students’ motivation and confidence in writing. The discussion emphasizes that the social interaction and feedback features of Wattpad foster collaborative learning, aligning with Vygotsky’s concepts of scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development. These findings suggest that integrating Wattpad into writing instruction can effectively enhance students’ creativity, critical thinking, and confidence in producing literary works.

This study aims to describe the innovative application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in improving the understanding of speech texts in grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes. Data sources include lesson planning documents (RPP), the "Understanding Speech" teaching module compiled by Istiqomah HM, and student learning outcomes. The learning process is carried out through PBL stages which include problem orientation, organizing students in group work, investigation, compiling and presenting results, and learning reflection. The results show that the application of the PBL model is able to improve students' understanding of the structure, content, and linguistic rules of speech texts. The average individual score reached 96.84 with most students obtaining a score ≥ 80. In addition to improving academic achievement, the PBL model also has a positive impact on students' critical thinking skills, collaboration, and communication skills. Although technical obstacles and differences in literacy levels were still found, this model is considered effective and worthy of further development in Indonesian language learning at the junior high school level.

This article examines various guidance and counseling (BK) management models relevant to the context of modern education in Indonesia. The models discussed include POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) management, comprehensive BK services, school-based BK management, specialized service management, and the use of digitalization in BK services. This review was compiled using a literature review method, drawing on various credible national sources, such as scientific journals, reference books, and education policy documents. The purpose of this research is to provide an in-depth understanding of the characteristics, principles, and implementation of each BK management model in educational practice. The results indicate that each model has its own advantages and limitations, both in terms of service planning, resource management, and the effectiveness of service delivery to students. Therefore, the selection and implementation of a BK management model must be tailored to the needs of the school, the availability of professional staff, infrastructure, and student characteristics. The integration of a systematic, data-driven, and adaptive management approach to developments in information technology is a key factor in improving the quality and effectiveness of BK services. This article is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions to school counselors, educators, and education policymakers.  

This community engagement program aims to analyze and strengthen institutional synergy among the Special Crimes Division, the Civil and Administrative Affairs Division, and the Intelligence Division of the Palangka Raya District Prosecutor’s Office through a community-organizing framework and participatory collaboration. The initiative stems from a strategic need to optimize coordination, enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement, and foster the development of an integrated work pattern that is responsive to the complexities of contemporary legal issues. Using the participatory action research (PAR) method, the program was implemented through participatory assessments, thematic discussions, field observations, case simulations, and the strengthening of legal administration, all of which collectively contributed to substantial improvements in analytical capacity, professionalism, and cross-divisional communication patterns. The findings indicate that synergy across divisions not only enhances the technical efficiency of case handling but also generates institutional social change through the establishment of new work routines, the emergence of local leaders, and the strengthening of internal social capital. Theoretically, these outcomes reinforce perspectives from collaborative governance, organizational learning, and institutional change, which emphasize that institutional transformation can only be achieved through functional integration, knowledge exchange, and the cultivation of a collaborative institutional culture. This program recommends the institutionalization of coordination procedures, the utilization of information technology as a tool for data integration, and the implementation of continuous synergistic training to sustain the changes achieved. Consequently, this engagement contributes both empirically and conceptually to the development of an adaptive, integrated law enforcement model aimed at improving the quality of public service delivery.

This community engagement program aims to analyze and strengthen institutional synergy among the Special Crimes Division, the Civil and Administrative Affairs Division, and the Intelligence Division of the Palangka Raya District Prosecutor’s Office through a community-organizing framework and participatory collaboration. The initiative stems from a strategic need to optimize coordination, enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement, and foster the development of an integrated work pattern that is responsive to the complexities of contemporary legal issues. Using the participatory action research (PAR) method, the program was implemented through participatory assessments, thematic discussions, field observations, case simulations, and the strengthening of legal administration, all of which collectively contributed to substantial improvements in analytical capacity, professionalism, and cross-divisional communication patterns. The findings indicate that synergy across divisions not only enhances the technical efficiency of case handling but also generates institutional social change through the establishment of new work routines, the emergence of local leaders, and the strengthening of internal social capital. Theoretically, these outcomes reinforce perspectives from collaborative governance, organizational learning, and institutional change, which emphasize that institutional transformation can only be achieved through functional integration, knowledge exchange, and the cultivation of a collaborative institutional culture. This program recommends the institutionalization of coordination procedures, the utilization of information technology as a tool for data integration, and the implementation of continuous synergistic training to sustain the changes achieved. Consequently, this engagement contributes both empirically and conceptually to the development of an adaptive, integrated law enforcement model aimed at improving the quality of public service delivery.

This literature review examines the effectiveness of planning history learning based on the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in developing students critical thinking skills. The study is motivated by the persistent dominance of teacher-centered instruction in history classes, which limits students analytical and reflective engagement with historical issues. This research aims to analyze how structured PBL, based lesson planning especially in designing problems, learning activities, media, and evaluation tools. Can enhance critical historical reasoning. Using a qualitative descriptive method through a review of journal articles, books, and research reports, the study finds that effective PBL planning requires identifying authentic historical problems, organizing collaborative inquiry activities, providing adequate scaffolding, and using critical thinking oriented evaluation rubrics. The results show that PBL consistently improves students’ analytical, evaluative, and interpretive abilities when supported by systematic planning and sufficient learning resources. The study implies that teachers must strengthen the planning phase, particularly in preparing learning scenarios and assessment instruments, to maximize the impact of PBL on critical thinking development.

This study aims to analyze the role of the Sports Development Facilitator (SP3OR) in increasing community participation in sports activities in Subang Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research informants consisted of SP3OR, village officials, sports community administrators, and community members participating in sports activities. The results show that the presence of SP3OR significantly increased community participation from 42% to 71%. SP3OR acts as a motivator, facilitator, and community empowerment agent capable of organizing sports activities and establishing and strengthening sports communities. The facilitation program was considered effective by the community with an average score of 4.18 on a scale of 1–5. This study concludes that SP3OR plays a strategic role in developing a community-based sports culture and recommends continuous collaboration among the regional government, SP3OR, and the community to ensure the sustainability of sports activities in Subang Regency.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of human resource (HR) governance in improving employee performance at the Serang City Cooperatives and SMEs Office in 2025. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey design, involving 100 employees as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the effect of HR governance variables, which include planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising, on employee performance. The results of the study indicate that HR governance has a positive and significant influence on improving employee performance at the Serang City Cooperatives and SMEs Office. Specifically, clear HR planning, efficient organization, structured implementation, and effective supervision have been shown to increase employee productivity and work quality. The implication of this study is the importance of improving and strengthening HR governance as a strategy to improve employee performance, which ultimately can increase productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of local government agencies.

In the learning process, there are various important aspects that must be considered, especially by teachers as transmitters of knowledge. The success of learning depends heavily on the teacher's ability to manage the classroom to create a safe, comfortable, and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Therefore, teachers need to choose the right learning method so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively. One method that can be used is Outdoor Learning, which is learning outside the classroom that provides opportunities for students to develop talents and creativity more broadly through direct experience in the open air. Management of the learning environment is also a crucial factor in supporting learning success. Several things that need to be considered include understanding the nature and development of student intelligence, getting to know students individually, utilizing student behavior in organizing learning, and developing critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. In addition, teachers need to create an attractive classroom, utilize the environment as a learning resource, provide constructive feedback, and differentiate between students' physical and mental activities. The learning environment itself consists of indoor and outdoor environments. The indoor environment includes school facilities such as classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and auditoriums. Meanwhile, the outdoor environment includes places outside the school that can be used as learning resources, such as museums, mosques, monuments, and fields. Prospective teachers need to understand the importance of managing the learning environment and understand the various types and benefits of learning environments to support an effective learning process.  

School administration is a fundamental component in ensuring effective and high-quality education in elementary schools. This study aims to describe the concept of effective school administration, the essential administrative components that must be designed and managed, and the factors influencing its success in supporting educational quality improvement. A qualitative approach was employed, focusing on naturally occurring administrative processes within elementary educational institutions. Data were obtained through literature review on the management of curriculum, students, educational staff, finance, facilities, and school–community relations. The findings indicate that effective school administration must be carried out systematically through core management functions, including planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring. The success of school administration is strongly influenced by the leadership of the principal, the competence of teachers and staff, the utilization of information technology, accountable financial management, adequate facilities, and community participation. Therefore, strengthening school administration becomes a key strategy in creating an orderly, efficient, and student-oriented educational process to improve learning quality in elementary schools.

The regional head election system is a long political journey decorated with the trappings of political elite interests and public will, central and regional interests. This research is a normative legal study, using a conceptual approach with literature study or document study techniques. The legal materials were processed through several processes, which were then analyzed qualitatively and normatively. The results of this study indicate: first, the direct election system in selecting Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads as a manifestation of people's sovereignty, increasing accountability, creating legitimate leaders, strengthening local democracy, providing wider choices to the community. Second, ideally the direct election system for Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads can be achieved with steps, namely quality elections that include high community participation in voting, honest and fair processes, intelligent voters; quality regional head candidates that include competence and integrity, clear vision and mission, inclusive representation; accountability and transparency that include effective supervision, budget and policy transparency; supporting conditions that include a strong legal framework, independent organizing institutions, a mature democratic culture; and recognition of local values.