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Biodiversity is an essential learning source in biology education, providing contextual and meaningful experiences for students. This study aims to explore the integration of biodiversity as a contextual learning source within the biology curriculum. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature studies and case studies in selected schools. Findings indicate that utilizing biodiversity in learning enhances students' ecological awareness, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Moreover, it fosters a sense of environmental responsibility. The study highlights the importance of developing instructional strategies that effectively integrate local biodiversity into the curriculum. These findings have significant implications for curriculum designers and educators in promoting contextual and sustainable biology learning.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) media in improving students' understanding of atomic structure. The background of this study is based on the importance of innovation in chemistry learning to improve students' engagement and understanding of concepts. The method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest design, where students are divided into control and experimental groups. The results showed that the use of AR significantly improved students' understanding compared to conventional methods. These findings indicate that AR technology can be an effective tool in chemistry education to strengthen abstract concepts. The implications of this study indicate the need for technology integration in the learning process to improve the quality of science education.

Low achievement of Indonesian students in literacy and numeracy in PISA 2022 (359 and 366 points, far below OECD average of 476-493 points) demands evaluation of factors affecting learning quality. This study analyzes the relationship between teacher welfare management and improvement of student literacy and numeracy through systematic literature review of 44 studies covering 76,990 teachers from 2019-2025. Analysis shows significant relationship between teacher welfare and student academic achievement through three mechanisms: increased teaching efficacy, positive classroom climate creation, and pedagogical innovation development. International comparison reveals significant gaps between Indonesia and developed countries like Japan (teacher salary Rp38 million vs Indonesia Rp800,000-Rp2,000,000). Implementation in Indonesia faces challenges of regional disparities, employment status inequality, and excessive workload. Comprehensive policy reform is needed including compensation standardization, holistic support programs, and longitudinal studies to understand deeper causal mechanisms.  

Inquiry-based learning is a pedagogical approach that encourages students to actively construct their knowledge through exploration and questioning. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the inquiry-based learning model in improving students' conceptual understanding of biology. The research employs a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. Data were collected from high school students and analyzed using statistical tests to compare learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that students who learned through inquiry-based methods demonstrated significantly higher conceptual understanding than those in traditional learning settings. These results suggest that the inquiry-based learning model can enhance students' critical thinking skills and conceptual mastery, making it a valuable approach for biology education. The study's implications highlight the need for integrating inquiry-based learning in science curricula to foster deeper understanding and engagement among students.

This study examines the optimization of school-based management (SBM) in improving student performance in the era of the 2023 curriculum. With the background of the importance of adapting to curriculum changes and the challenges faced in the education system, this research aims to identify effective SBM strategies and their impact on student performance. The methodology employed is qualitative research, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document studies. The findings indicate that the implementation of SBM, which involves all stakeholders collaboratively, can significantly enhance student learning outcomes. Furthermore, this study provides recommendations for strengthening teacher training and increasing parental involvement in the educational process. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of sustaining SBM practices to create a responsive and adaptive learning environment and to achieve better educational goals in the future.

Enhancing students' critical thinking skills is a major challenge in Social Studies education in the 21st century. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the problem-solving method in improving students' critical thinking skills within the context of Social Studies. Employing a qualitative approach with a library research design, this research analyzes various literature related to the application of the problem-solving method. Findings reveal that this method significantly enhances students' abilities to analyze information, formulate solutions, and connect theory with practice. However, challenges such as resource limitations and the need for teacher training can impact its effectiveness. The implications of this research suggest the need for intensive teacher training and systematic integration of the problem-solving method into the social studies curriculum to improve educational quality. Future research is recommended to explore different educational settings and additional method combinations to deepen understanding of problem-solving implementation in social studies education.

Islamic identity is a crucial component in the education provided by Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, serving as a foundation for the formation of character and religious values among students. However, understanding of how students' Islamic identity is formed within the context of learning at madrasah is still limited. This study aims to develop a theory on the process of Islamic identity formation among students using a grounded theory approach.  This research employs grounded theory methodology to explore and understand the dynamics of Islamic identity formation among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and parents, as well as classroom observations and curriculum document analysis. The data analysis process was conducted iteratively to identify main categories and emerging themes, and to build a comprehensive theory on the identity formation process.   The study found that the process of Islamic identity formation among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students is influenced by a complex interaction between internal and external factors. Internal factors include personal religious understanding and learning experiences, while external factors encompass the influence of the school environment, curriculum, and family support. The findings indicate that students' Islamic identity is shaped through integrated learning experiences, social interactions, and deep personal reflection.  This research develops a theory that describes how Islamic identity among Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students is formed within the learning context. The findings provide important insights for curriculum development and teaching strategies aimed at supporting the formation of students' Islamic identity. The implications of this study also highlight the need for stronger support from families and the school environment to facilitate a positive identity formation process.    

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education presents both opportunities and ethical challenges, especially for faith based institutions such as Christian schools. These institutions must balance technological innovation with their theological commitments. As AI becomes more embedded in educational environments, Christian educators face the challenge of integrating AI in a way that aligns with Christian values, human dignity, and relational teaching roles. This study explores how Christian moral teachings can guide the integration of AI into education, providing a framework for ethical AI use in Christian schools. Previous studies have highlighted the ethical concerns associated with AI, including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the potential for AI to undermine relational teaching roles. Christian educational theology, which emphasizes values such as human dignity, justice, and fairness, offers a robust framework for addressing these concerns. A biblical worldview and the concept of Imago Dei (the image of God) provide theological foundations for integrating AI ethically in education, ensuring that AI tools enhance human centered learning rather than replace human educators. Additionally, literature suggests that ethical guidelines informed by Christian teachings can mitigate AI's ethical risks and promote a more inclusive and equitable educational environment. This study employs a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative phase involves document analysis and interviews with Christian educators and theologians to explore theological reflections on AI and its ethical implications.

Tropical diseases remain a serious public health challenge in Southeast Asia, particularly malaria, which has high morbidity and mortality rates. The complexity of their spread is influenced by various factors, including climate, environment, and population, requiring a spatially-based analytical approach to understand their distribution patterns. This study aims to develop a regression-based spatial model to predict the spread of tropical diseases and identify hotspots in high-risk areas. The data used include tropical disease case reports from national health agencies, climate data (temperature, rainfall, humidity) from BMKG and WorldClim, and population data (density and mobility) from  BPS and other official sources. The analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System GIS for spatial mapping, as well as the application of spatial regression models, namely the Spatial Lag Model SLM and Spatial Error Model SEM. The results show that the developed model is able to predict disease distribution with a high level of accuracy, demonstrated by statistical validation through AIC, and Morans I. One of the main findings is the identification of malaria hotspots with a confidence level of 93, as well as the mapping of tropical disease risk predictions covering the Southeast Asian region. These results have significant implications for public health policy, particularly in resource allocation, prevention program planning, and priority area-based interventions. Furthermore, this study recommends the integration of big data and machine learning technologies to enrich predictive models and develop more adaptive early warning systems. Thus, this research contributes to strengthening tropical disease control strategies in Southeast Asia with a comprehensive spatial data-driven approach.

This literature review explores academic resilience among students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused unprecedented educational disruptions, forcing students to adapt to online learning, social isolation, and increased psychological stress. Academic resilience defined as the capacity to maintain or regain academic functioning despite adversity emerged as a crucial factor in students’ adaptation. This review synthesizes findings from national and international studies published between 2020 and 2024, identifying key protective factors such as self-regulated learning, parental support, digital literacy, and school engagement. The study also discusses implications for educational policy and mental health interventions to support student well-being. The findings highlight the importance of systemic support in fostering resilience beyond individual traits.  

This research is classroom action research which aims to improve the poetry writing ability of class VIII.A students through the application of the Outdoor Study method. This research uses a classroom action research design with two cycles. Data was collected through poetry writing tests, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. Indicators of research success are an increase in student scores above the KKM (75) and an increase in the quality of written poetry, which includes aspects of diction, sentence structure and depth of meaning. The results of this research provide important implications for the development of learning to write poetry, especially in the context of student-centered and experience-oriented learning. This classroom action research examines the effectiveness of the Outdoor Study method in improving students' poetry writing abilities through two research cycles. The research results showed a significant increase in student involvement and the quality of poetry writing after cycle II. The percentage of students who achieved completeness criteria increased from 43% to 78. Comparison between the two cycles showed significant improvements in various aspects, such as the use of diction, sentence structure, and depth of meaning. The Outdoor Study method has proven to be effective in stimulating creativity and providing meaningful learning experiences for students

In the modern era, 21st century skills and chemistry concepts become very crucial to face global challenges. This study aims to analyse the representation of 21st  century skills and chemistry concepts in the film The Martian (2015). This research uses content analysis method with a qualitative approach. The findings show that the film depicts skills such as Problem-solving, collaboration, critical thinking, research skills, effective communication, technological literacy, and adaptability, as well as chemistry concepts such as chemical property/property of oxygen, green chemistry, electro chemistry, chemistry reaction, Stoichiometry, Radiochemistry, physical chemistry, Chemistry Reaction: Reduction-Oxidation reaction. The implications of this study underscore the potential of films as an effective learning medium for teaching scientific skills and concepts that are important in STEM education. It is recommended that educators utilise film as a tool in the learning process.  

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

  This paper reviews the challenges encountered by second language learners in the  acquisition  and  utilization  of  collocations,  which  are  crucial aspects of proficient language use. Collocations refer to the habitual pairing or grouping of words  that  occur  together  frequently  in  natural  language.  The  research synthesizes findings from various studies conducted in the field, highlighting common difficulties experienced by learners across different proficiency levels and linguistic backgrounds. Key factors contributing to these challenges include differences  in  first  language  structures,  inadequate  exposure  to  authentic language use, limited awareness of collocational patterns, and difficulties in achieving  native-like  fluency.  Additionally,  pedagogical  implications  and effective  instructional  strategies  for  enhancing  collocational competence are discussed,  is to inform language instructors and curriculum developers in building more targeted and effective language learning materials and activities.This  research  is  divided  into  three  sections;  section  one  presents  the preliminaries   of   the   study.   Section   two   explains   the   meaning,   types, characteristics, and importance of the study. Section three will apply a test of collocation on the 4th stage of the college to know their weakness points in collocation. Finally, the conclusion is the research.

This research aims to improve the creativity of elementary school students through ecoprint activities at SD 03 Kedungsuren and MI NU 58 Kedungsuren, Kaliwugu Selatan. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. This research involved fourth grade students and was conducted through the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection in a collaborative manner. This PAR method allows active involvement of students and teachers in learning to create a participatory and reflective environment. The results of this research show an increase in students' creativity in imagination, innovation, technical skills, as well as cooperation skills and appreciation of the environment. The findings provide positive implications for the development of environment-based creative learning methods, which can be used as a reference for other schools.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Google Site as a learning media in enhancing students' learning outcomes in a specific subject. Against the backdrop of rapid technological advancement, the integration of technology in education is crucial to improve the quality of education. The research method employed is classroom action research with two cycles, where observations of teacher and student activities and evaluations of student learning outcomes were conducted in each cycle. The research findings indicate a significant improvement in student learning outcomes following the implementation of Google Site as a learning media. The average student grades increased from 75 in cycle I to 90 in cycle II, with all students achieving a "very good" criteria. The implications of this research underscore the importance of utilizing technology in the learning process to achieve optimal learning outcomes.

This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation. Data sources in this study include principals, Islamic Religious Education teachers and students. Data analysis techniques used in this study are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing. Triangulation used to test the validity of data triangulation techniques and sources. Research Results: (1) The method of strengthening responsibility character education through Islamic religious education learning is by habituation, exemplary, and advice carried out by students to carry out their duties and responsibilities as a Muslim-muslimah: (2) The implications of the method of strengthening responsibility character education through Islamic religious education learning The results of research findings in the field Attending school on time makes students more disciplined, throwing garbage in its place awareness that the need to keep the environment beautiful, clean and cleanliness is part of faith. Obeying worship through gemajusa learning makes students more accustomed to worship so that it becomes a habit that is always done and almsgiving is carried out by all students to make students care about others through almsgiving.

The focus of this research is the role of human resource management in improving teacher performance in Cibeber District, Cilegon City in terms of implementing management functions in the Independent Learning Curriculum. This research uses a qualitative approach, data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation, data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the role of Human Resource Management in improving teacher performance in Cibeber District , Cilegon City, namely by planning, organizing, directing and supervising, can be said to be quite good. First, planning by conducting a needs analysis and providing understanding regarding the The Independent Learning Curriculum and learning tools that must be prepared by teachers. Second, organizing by placing and dividing tasks according to abilities and educational background. Third, direction is carried out by providing direction and guidance regarding the tasks and responsibilities given as well as providing motivation in the form of giving awards for teacher performance achievements. Fourth, supervision is carried out by the school principal through class visits and supervisors from the Education Management Unit. The implications of the research results suggest that elementary schools provide training to teacher councils regarding learning media so that the communication and educational interaction process between teachers and students can take place appropriately, try to increase the availability of facilities and infrastructure for the smoothness and success of the learning process, and work together to improve each other. teacher performance, both from school principals, education staff, teaching staff (teachers), and school supervisors within the Education Management Unit and it is hoped that everything that has been achieved can be improved.

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the implementation of child-friendly schools as an effort to prevent bullying behavior at SD Darus Sholah Jember. The research method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was done through observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of child-friendly schools at SD Darus Sholah Jember is manifested in various aspects, including the enforcement of discipline without violence, educational affirmation, the search for children who have not been reached by education, commitment to freedom from narcotics, psychotropic substances, and addictive substances, school security from disasters, guaranteeing the protection of students' rights to worship according to their respective religions, and implementing a child-friendly curriculum. The findings confirm the important role of schools as safe, inclusive and supportive environments for children's development. The implications of this study can be used as a basis for developing more effective educational policies and practices in preventing bullying behavior and creating a conducive learning environment for all students. Further research can be in-depth on the factors that influence the successful implementation of child-friendly schools and the evaluation of their impact on students' well-being.   Keywords: Child- Friendly School, Incentive education, Preventing bullying

This qualitative study investigates the effectiveness of the Duolingo English app in enhancing English learning motivation among 11th-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sawan. Motivation in language learning is a critical factor influencing proficiency and engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this research explores how the app influences students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation levels. Findings reveal that DuoLingo positively impacts motivation through its interactive features and gamified learning approach, fostering a more engaging and enjoyable learning environment. Educational implications and recommendations for integrating such technology into language classrooms are discussed.