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Speaking ability is one of the important skills in education and daily life, but students often face obstacles such as lack of self-confidence and minimal opportunities to practice. This study aims to improve students' speaking ability through debate and discussion-based training. This activity is designed to provide students with direct experience in constructing logical arguments, conveying opinions effectively, and interacting in formal and informal forums. The methods used include theory training, debate simulations, and group discussions with periodic evaluations through observation and questionnaires. The results showed a significant increase in students' speaking ability, especially in terms of clarity of idea delivery, argument structure, and courage to speak in public. In addition, this training also had a positive impact on students' critical thinking skills, ability to work together, and self-confidence.

Mastering English from an early age is an important factor in preparing children to face global challenges in the future. This research aims to explore effective English language teaching methods in local communities, especially for children aged 7-12 years from lower middle socio-economic backgrounds. A qualitative approach was used through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of learning activities for 3 weeks. The research results show that interactive methods, such as games, role playing, and the use of simple technology, can improve language skills, build self-confidence, and create an enjoyable learning experience. In addition, local community involvement and parental empowerment have proven to play an important role in supporting children's learning. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between communities, educators, and families to create sustainable and relevant learning programs. With a needs-based and technology-based approach, English language teaching can be an effective tool for building a brighter future for children.

Active Cycle Breathing Exercise (ACBE) is an effective therapeutic method for managing asthma symptoms, particularly in improving lung function and reducing the frequency of attacks. The role of physiotherapists as parental companions in implementing ACBE is crucial, especially at Medan Selayang Community Health Center. This study aims to analyze the contribution of physiotherapists in assisting parents of children with asthma to perform ACBE correctly and consistently. A descriptive research method was used, collecting data through interviews, observations, and questionnaires administered to parents and physiotherapists. The results indicate that physiotherapist involvement not only enhances parents' understanding of ACBE techniques but also improves adherence to regular practice at home. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in asthma symptoms among children following consistent therapy. The physiotherapists' roles include education, demonstration, supervision, and evaluation of patient progress. Through this assistance, parents gain confidence in helping their children manage asthma, leading to an overall improvement in the quality of life for both children and families. This study recommends strengthening training programs for parents and integrating ACBE into physiotherapy services at the community health center level to ensure sustainable therapy.

Life in orphanages presents various psychological challenges for adolescents, including low self-confidence and limited emotional support. This study aims to improve the resilience of adolescents at Al-Hikmah Orphanage through positive affirmation intervention. The positive affirmation technique is a positive statement written consciously and confidently, which is proven to be effective in overcoming negative thinking, building self-confidence, and creating better psychological conditions. This study used a participatory intervention design involving 10 adolescents aged 16-18 years. The activities included initial data collection through pre-test, introduction to the concept of resilience, emotion management training, problem solving exercises, and decision making. Evaluation was conducted using a post-test to measure changes in resilience, followed by documentation of program results and a final report. The results of the intervention showed significant improvements in adolescents' self-confidence, ability to write life goals, and positive mindset. The main supporting factors were the enthusiasm of the participants, the active support of the caregivers, and the conducive environment of the home. However, some barriers such as deep traumatic experiences, limited experts, and short program duration were challenges that affected the intervention results. Positive affirmation can effectively improve adolescents' resilience by building positive mindsets, reducing anxiety, and strengthening adaptation to stress. For optimal impact, this program needs to be combined with intensive psychological counseling and implemented in a sustainable manner. This approach can also be adapted in other orphanages by adjusting the needs of the local community

This research aims to analyze Bobby Nasution’s campaign speech using Aristotle’s rhetorical proofs and Griffin’s Theory of Strategic Communication. The study investigates rhetorical proofs of logos, ethos, and pathos and explores their application in political communication. This qualitative research utilized content analysis with data derived from the transcript and video of Bobby Nasution’s speech, titled "Bobby Nasution Janji Prioritaskan Kesehatan dan Penanganan Hukum jika Menang Pilgub Sumut," uploaded on the YouTube channel Official iNews. The findings reveal that Bobby Nasution employed rhetorical proofs with a distribution of logos (37%), ethos (42%), and pathos (21%). Ethos was further demonstrated through practical wisdom (phronesis), moral virtue (arete), and goodwill (eunoia). Additionally, the speech balanced emotional appeals such as anger versus calmness and fear versus confidence to connect with the audience. This research contributes to the study of rhetoric by highlighting the importance of strategic communication in political campaigns and its relevance to audience engagement.

This research explores the influence of financial literacy, self-confidence in managing personal finances, and the use of fintech payments on the personal financial management of Sharia Financial Management students at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. This research is motivated by students' lack of understanding regarding personal financial management, which has the potential to affect their readiness to face financial challenges in the future. Through good financial literacy and self-confidence in managing finances, students are expected to be able to manage their finances more wisely. On the other hand, the use of fintech payments is also thought to have an influence on students' financial management behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach with associative methods and purposive sampling techniques, involving 86 students from the class of 2020-2022. Data was collected via questionnaire, then analyzed using multiple linear regression via SPSS-26. The research results show that financial literacy, financial self-efficacy, and payment fintech together have a positive and significant influence on personal financial management, financial literacy has a positive and significant influence, financial self-efficacy has a positive and significant influence, and payment fintech also has an influence positive and significant on students' personal financial management.

This research aims to analyze Bobby Nasution’s campaign speech using Aristotle’s rhetorical proofs and Griffin’s Theory of Strategic Communication. The study investigates rhetorical proofs of logos, ethos, and pathos and explores their application in political communication. This qualitative research utilized content analysis with data derived from the transcript and video of Bobby Nasution’s speech, titled "Bobby Nasution Janji Prioritaskan Kesehatan dan Penanganan Hukum jika Menang Pilgub Sumut," uploaded on the YouTube channel Official iNews. The findings reveal that Bobby Nasution employed rhetorical proofs with a distribution of logos (37%), ethos (42%), and pathos (21%). Ethos was further demonstrated through practical wisdom (phronesis), moral virtue (arete), and goodwill (eunoia). Additionally, the speech balanced emotional appeals such as anger versus calmness and fear versus confidence to connect with the audience. This research contributes to the study of rhetoric by highlighting the importance of strategic communication in political campaigns and its relevance to audience engagement

Honesty is one of the core values in Islamic education that serves as a foundation for shaping individual character, particularly in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This study aims to explore honesty as a fundamental value in Islam, its implementation strategies in pesantren, and its impact on the character development of students (santri). Using a qualitative approach, this research utilizes literature analysis and field observations to understand how honesty is taught, practiced, and internalized in the daily lives of students. The findings reveal that honesty is implemented through the reinforcement of religious values in daily activities, fostering truthful behavior in the teaching-learning process, and role modeling by caregivers and educators. Implementation strategies include an ethics-based educational approach, strict supervision, and continuous evaluation. The impact is evident in the increased self-confidence of students, strengthened integrity, and their ability to face life challenges in alignment with Islamic principles. Thus, honesty is not only a critical element in shaping the character of students but also a foundation for developing individuals who are responsible, trustworthy, and morally upright. This study recommends the consistent application of honesty-based learning methods as a pillar of character education in pesantren.

This study explores managerial perceptions of financial statement transparency at Company XYZ and identifies the challenges and benefits associated with its implementation. Transparency in financial reporting is critical for enhancing accountability and stakeholder trust. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with managers from various departments to understand their views on transparency. The findings reveal that while managers recognize the importance of transparency in fostering stakeholder confidence and reducing risks related to financial ambiguity, they face significant challenges such as limited resources, complex regulatory requirements, and communication barriers with external stakeholders. Despite these obstacles, managers acknowledge that transparency offers substantial benefits, including improved corporate reputation, increased investor trust, and enhanced operational efficiency. This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the practical barriers and strategic advantages of transparency, offering recommendations for companies aiming to improve their financial reporting practices.    

This study examines the intense competition in the contemporary franchise beverage industry in Gorontalo City, where consumers have many choices that affect loyalty to certain brands. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand equity and marketing mix on customer loyalty. This descriptive quantitative research uses accidental sampling with 100 samples. Data analysis includes statistical tests as well as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) models. This study shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with the t-count and f-count values exceeding the table limit at the 95% confidence level. SEM-PLS analysis confirmed the significant relationship with p-values of 0.05 and t-statistics of 1.96, supporting the tested model. The research conclusion shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. As advice, business owners of contemporary beverage franchises in Gorontalo City are advised to strengthen brand equity, as well as optimize creative and effective marketing strategies to increase competitiveness.

The problems experienced by students in completing thesis turn into negative feelings and tend to cause loss of motivation, lack of self-confidence, and stress in students. This study aims to analyze the correlation of self-efficacy with stress levels in completing a thesis on students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Abulyatama. This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. It involved 173 college students as the sample chosen using a total sampling technique. This study was carried out on May 28th - June 13th, 2024 by using a self-efficacy questionnaire with a Croncbach Alpha value of 0,864 and   a DASS-21 Croncbach Alpha value of 0,75. The data analysis used a chi-square test. The results indicate that most students experienced moderate stress levels as much as 79 students (45,7%) and had moderate self-efficacy as much as 73 students (42,2%), with a ρ value of 0,000. This study shows the correlation between self-efficacy and students' stress levels at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Abulyatama. Further, the university should boost students' motivation and self-efficacy in completing a thesis to prevent stressful occurrences.  

Empowerment has a very important role in improving the quality of life and social welfare, especially for marginalized groups such as deaf and speech-impaired women and the elderly. This research aims to explore women's empowerment through salon training carried out at the UPT Social Services for the Deaf, Speech and Elderly Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra Province Social Service. This salon training is designed to provide practical skills that can help deaf-mute and elderly women increase their economic independence and improve their standard of living. The method used is a qualitative approach with observation and interviews as data collection techniques. The research results show that salon training not only provides technical skills but also increases participants' self-confidence, expands their social networks, and opens up job opportunities. Overall, this program contributes to women's empowerment by creating opportunities for them to become economically and socially independent. This research provides recommendations for the development of similar training programs in the future to expand the positive impact on communities of women in need.

This study explores the perspectives of literature students on utilizing ChatGPT, an AI-powered tool, in creative writing. Focusing on 30 English literature students from Universitas Negeri Medan, the research examines the effectiveness of ChatGPT in fostering creativity, its perceived benefits and challenges, and its role in the writing process. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that ChatGPT significantly enhances creativity, with students rating it highly for its ability to inspire ideas and improve the writing process. The tool was praised for accelerating the writing process and improving writing confidence. However, challenges such as the need for revisions and limitations in contextual understanding were also noted. Despite these drawbacks, the overall sentiment remained positive, with many participants feeling that the benefits of using ChatGPT outweighed its limitations. This study underscores ChatGPT’s potential as a valuable tool in literary education, supporting students' creative autonomy and enriching their writing experiences. This is evidenced by data highlighting the effectiveness of ChatGPT in speeding up the writing process (60%), increasing creativity (46.67%), and increasing confidence in writing (40%), despite challenges such as unmet expectations (46.67%) and requires a lot for revision (33.33%).    

As online platforms become more widely accessible, English learners have greater opportunities to practice speaking with foreign interlocutors, though many remain hesitant due to a lack of confidence in their speaking abilities. This study examines the perceptions of 107 first-semester English learners at a private university who were assigned to use SCMC platforms like Free4Talk, InterPals, and HelloTalk to engage in English conversations with foreign interlocutors. The aim was to understand how these platforms supported speaking practice and identify any challenges faced. Data were collected through a questionnaire that included Likert-scale items and open-ended questions. The results revealed that 78% of students had positive perceptions, indicating that the platforms facilitated their English-speaking practice through real-time communication. However, they also reported technical issues, such as poor internet connectivity, and challenges with engagement, including difficulty finding consistent conversation partners. The study recommends further research into long-term language learner experiences and an exploration of platform features that could enhance English-speaking practice.

This study examines the intense competition in the contemporary franchise beverage industry in Gorontalo City, where consumers have many choices that affect loyalty to certain brands. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand equity and marketing mix on customer loyalty. This descriptive quantitative research uses accidental sampling with 100 samples. Data analysis includes statistical tests as well as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) models. This study shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with the t-count and f-count values exceeding the table limit at the 95% confidence level. SEM-PLS analysis confirmed the significant relationship with p-values of 0.05 and t-statistics of 1.96, supporting the tested model. The research conclusion shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. As advice, business owners of contemporary beverage franchises in Gorontalo City are advised to strengthen brand equity, as well as optimize creative and effective marketing strategies to increase competitiveness.

This study examines the intense competition in the contemporary franchise beverage industry in Gorontalo City, where consumers have many choices that affect loyalty to certain brands. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand equity and marketing mix on customer loyalty. This descriptive quantitative research uses accidental sampling with 100 samples. Data analysis includes statistical tests as well as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) models. This study shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, both partially and simultaneously, with the t-count and f-count values exceeding the table limit at the 95% confidence level. SEM-PLS analysis confirmed the significant relationship with p-values of 0.05 and t-statistics of 1.96, supporting the tested model. The research conclusion shows that brand equity and marketing mix have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. As advice, business owners of contemporary beverage franchises in Gorontalo City are advised to strengthen brand equity, as well as optimize creative and effective marketing strategies to increase competitiveness.

Earthquakes are one of the most common and potentially devastating natural disasters, especially in countries located along fault lines. Indonesia, which is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, often experiences earthquakes. Simulations can improve children's disaster preparedness, provide self-confidence, and foster a sense of responsibility. Community service activities were carried out at MTsN Sumba Timur on September 7, 2024 starting at 08.00 -10.00 WITA. The name of the community empowerment program is Earthquake Disaster Preparedness Education and Simulation for MTsN Sumba Timur Students as a form of community service in the East Sumba NTT region, by providing education and understanding of the dangers of earthquakes and how to prevent accidents due to earthquakes, as well as providing simulations to maximize participants' knowledge. The first stage is a pre-test on disaster mitigation. This aims to determine students' initial understanding of earthquake disaster mitigation. There are eight Guttman scale questions containing "yes" and "no" answer choices with one correct answer. Next is the presentation of material on earthquake disaster mitigation supported by the use of power points and animated videos. The material provided is in the form of a disaster preparedness plan that includes an introduction to the types of earthquakes, the impact of earthquakes, what happens when an earthquake occurs, and the stages of efforts to increase preparedness before an earthquake occurs, when an earthquake occurs. and after an earthquake occurs. Community service activities through Earthquake Disaster Preparedness Education and Simulation for MTsN Sumba Timur Students were carried out well and effectively. The suggestions that can be conveyed are 1. Activities like this should be carried out periodically in different locations but are prone to disasters so that Disaster Preparedness efforts can be felt by the community fairly and evenly. 2. Partnerships with other sciences and sectors so that Disaster Preparedness efforts can be evenly distributed in all aspects of community life towards optimal public health.

The low awareness and motivation of students (santri) at the Miftahul Huda Islamic boarding school to pursue higher education abroad is a primary issue, stemming from a lack of English proficiency, limited information, and conventional teaching methods. This Community Service (PkM) program aimed to enhance the santri's English language skills and motivation for further studies. The method involved three stages: preparation through surveys and interviews; implementation of a motivation seminar and interactive English training covering reading, listening, speaking, and writing; and evaluation using pre-tests, post-tests, and questionnaires. The program's content focused on addressing the key challenges faced by the santri, including language barriers and the lack of exposure to scholarship opportunities. The results demonstrated the program's significant effectiveness. There was an average 40% increase in English proficiency scores, with participants showing improved communication skills across all four language areas. Additionally, students' motivation to study abroad increased from 30% to 85%. This program successfully fostered the santri's interest in higher education opportunities abroad and built their self-confidence, evidenced by the formation of a proactive discussion group seeking scholarship information and further academic guidance.

This research explores the use of Virtual Reality (VR) storytelling in language learning, focusing on its impact on speaking fluency, narrative skills, and student engagement. As traditional language teaching methods often face challenges such as limited speaking practice and learner anxiety, VR offers a promising alternative by creating immersive, interactive environments that encourage active participation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of VR storytelling in enhancing these language skills, particularly in second language learners. The study utilized an action research methodology, involving language learners who participated in VR-based storytelling interventions. Pre- and post-assessments, along with surveys and student feedback, were used to evaluate speaking fluency, narrative construction, and overall engagement. The findings indicated significant improvements in all three areas, with students reporting increased confidence, reduced anxiety, and enhanced motivation to engage with the language. The use of VR not only improved grammatical and lexical aspects of speaking but also fostered creativity and coherence in storytelling. These results support the potential of VR to transform traditional language education by providing an engaging, low-pressure environment for learners. The study concludes by recommending the integration of VR in language classrooms to enhance language acquisition and suggests further exploration into long-term effects and content diversity.

This study comprehensively investigates the empirical impact of capital structure, profitability, and asset growth on the value of companies in the retail sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the post-pandemic economic recovery phase (2021–2024). Adopting a quantitative methodology with purposive sampling of 12 entities (N=48), parameters were estimated using multiple linear regression after passing a rigorous classical assumption test including normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. By proxiesizing the capital structure through Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), profitability through Return on Assets (ROA), and total asset growth to Price to Book Value (PBV), this study reveals the phenomenon of  market undervaluation with an average PBV of 0.17. The results of statistical tests confirm that these financial determinants partially and simultaneously have a significant influence on shaping the firm value. These findings provide a theoretical contribution regarding the relevance of funding policy and operational efficiency as crucial signals for investors in a volatile market landscape. The practical implications emphasize the importance of optimizing financial structure and operational performance to strengthen market confidence during the global economic transition period.