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This study analyzes the role of the indigenous belief system of the Dayak Tomun community as a foundation for social solidarity, a mechanism of non-formal social control, and a strategy of cultural adaptation in the context of modernization. Grounded in Émile Durkheim’s sociology of religion, particularly the concepts of mechanical solidarity and collective consciousness, this research employs a qualitative approach through a phenomenologically oriented literature review. Data were obtained from ethnographic documents, customary law manuscripts, scholarly articles, and official publications. The findings indicate that indigenous rituals, such as Babukung and Bana’i Tamu, function as means of strengthening emotional bonds and reproducing collective values through communal participation and sacred symbols. Customary law and the pamali system operate effectively as mechanisms of non-formal social control derived from supranatural authority, while simultaneously serving as strategies for ecological conservation. Indigenous beliefs also constitute the foundation of collective consciousness through the internalization of values such as mutual cooperation, respect for nature, and veneration of ancestors. Amid modernization, the Dayak Tomun community demonstrates creative adaptation through ritual reinterpretation, flexible application of pamali, and the integration of formal education with indigenous knowledge. This study affirms that the indigenous belief system of the Dayak Tomun functions as a strategic social, cultural, and ecological instrument in sustaining social cohesion, community resilience, and the continuity of collective identity in the face of contemporary social transformation.  

Pyrolysis is a biomass conversion method into fuel through heating at high temperatures under oxygen-limited conditions. The main factors influencing the pyrolysis process include temperature, residence time, pressure, particle size, reactor design, and the type of pyrolysis employed. This study aims to design an auger-type fast pyrolysis system based on previous research. The design and modeling of the fast pyrolysis equipment were carried out using Autodesk Inventor 2021 software. Based on the calculation and design results, a fast pyrolysis reactor with a multi-stage configuration and a capacity of 5.2 kg was developed. The system consists of a three-stage reactor made of Stainless Steel 304. The reactor is equipped with a screw conveyor for material transport, which is driven by an electric motor. Biomass heating inside the reactor is provided by a clamp heater with an electrical power requirement of 611 W, while biomass cooling is performed using a condenser with a cooling water capacity of 15.586 liters. Based on the structural simulation results, the maximum von Mises stress obtained was 35.4 MPa, the maximum displacement was 0.0528 mm, and the safety factor was 6.07 under loading conditions including an internal reactor pressure of 0.32 MPa, a torsional moment of 1,130 kg·mm, and an operating temperature of 700 °C. These values are within the allowable limits of the material, indicating that the designed reactor is structurally safe and feasible for use.

The increasing rate of divorce in rural areas indicates serious challenges in maintaining family resilience as well as the limited effectiveness of formal litigation-based dispute resolution. Judicial processes that tend to be procedural, time-consuming, and focused on legal termination often fail to address the substantive justice needs of the disputing parties. Consequently, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that are more responsive to local social and cultural values are required. This study aims to examine the effectiveness and implementation of divorce mediation facilitated by the Village Government of Banra’as, Sumenep Regency, through the perspective of Progressive Legal Theory. This research employs a qualitative approach with an empirical research design. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with village officials, community leaders, and individuals who had previously participated in the mediation process, as well as documentation related to divorce dispute resolution practices at the village level. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on mediation practices as a manifestation of living law within the community. The findings reveal that divorce mediation facilitated by the village government demonstrates a relatively high level of effectiveness in reducing divorce cases. This effectiveness is influenced by a familial approach, the utilization of local wisdom, and the strong internalization of religious values within the social life of the Banra’as community. From the perspective of Progressive Legal Theory, this mediation practice reflects a flexible and non-positivistic understanding of law that prioritizes humanity and substantive justice. Village-based mediation not only serves as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism but also functions as a social instrument to preserve family harmony and strengthen social resilience in rural communities.

Introduction: Maximal oxygen volume (VO2max) is the capability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to muscle mitochondria, which is directly proportional to the level of stamina and is obtained from physical activity. Central obesity, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of visceral fat, can cause decreased stamina, so individuals with central obesity tend to have lower VO2max values. VO2max values can be determined by body composition, such as waist circumference, which is an indicator of central obesity. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 54 male respondents with high physical activity jobs who worked as building construction workers in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Waist circumference measurements were carried out using a measuring tape, while VO2max was assessed using a 6-minute walk test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: A total of 47 respondents (87%) had a normal waist circumference, 31 respondents (57.4%) had a fair VO2max, and 16 respondents (29.6%) had an average VO2max. The analysis showed a significant relationship between waist circumference and VO2max, with a P value of 0.000 (P<0.05) and R = -0.658. Conclusion: There is a strong and significant negative correlation between waist circumference and VO2max. This indicates that a larger waist circumference results in a lower VO2max, and a smaller waist circumference results in a higher VO2max.

Cultural traditions play a vital role in sustainable tourism by shaping social values, collective identity, and long-term cultural continuity. Caos Dahar, a Javanese practice involving communal food preparation and sharing, serves as an expression of gratitude, spirituality, and social cohesion. Despite its cultural significance, it has been rarely examined from a management perspective, particularly in relation to its integration into sustainable tourism systems. This study analyzes Caos Dahar as a form of cultural tradition management and explores its contribution to sustainable tourism. The research highlights the lack of management-oriented studies combining cultural traditions with sustainability frameworks. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, using secondary qualitative data from documented practices and relevant academic literature. Data were analyzed using thematic categorization and interpreted through a multi-theoretical framework, including motivation theory (ERG), social network theory, and cultural philosophy. The findings reveal that Caos Dahar functions as a managed cultural practice, involving implicit management processes such as planning, coordination, and role distribution. The tradition fulfills existential, relational, and growth-oriented needs, sustains social networks, and exhibits adaptability across various cultural dimensions. These characteristics enable Caos Dahar to contribute to the social, economic, and cultural aspects of sustainability within tourism. The study concludes that cultural traditions can be viewed as intangible strategic resources when properly managed. This research expands management and tourism studies by offering a management-oriented interpretation of cultural traditions and moving beyond outcome-based sustainability perspectives toward process-oriented cultural tradition management.

MMP is a metal manufacturing company engaged in casting, forging, and machining processes with a three-shift work system, including night shifts that may increase mental and physical workload due to disruptions in workers’ biological rhythms. This study aims to analyze the mental and physical workload of die casting machine operators during the night shift and to propose improvement measures using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. The study involved 23 operators, with mental workload assessed using NASA-TLX and physical workload measured using CVL. The results indicate that mental workload falls into high to very high categories, with WWL values ranging from 46.6 to 97.3, where 12 operators experienced very high mental workload. The dominant contributing dimensions were effort, physical demand, and temporal demand. Meanwhile, physical workload ranged from 19.48% to 36.36% CVL, with most operators not experiencing fatigue. Although physical workload remains within acceptable limits, the high mental workload indicates the need for improvements. FTA analysis identified key contributing factors, including work methods, work systems, ergonomics, machine conditions, and the work environment. Proposed improvements include job rotation, improvements in work methods and task distribution, adjustments to the work system, enhanced machine maintenance, and ergonomics-based workplace improvements.

Drug abuse among university students is a problem that needs serious attention because it can damage health, reduce academic achievement, and hinder the future of the younger generation. University students are in a phase of self-discovery, making them susceptible to unhealthy environments and social circles. Therefore, comprehensive drug prevention efforts are needed in higher education settings. This article discusses various forms of drug prevention among students through education, character building, and active student involvement in positive activities. The method used is a literature review from various relevant sources. The results of the discussion show that drug prevention can be effective if supported by cooperation between the campus, families, and students. Education about the dangers of drugs, strengthening moral values, and creating a safe and healthy campus environment are important steps in preventing drug abuse. With continuous prevention efforts, it is hoped that students will be able to protect themselves from the influence of drugs and play a role as a healthy, accomplished, and responsible young generation.

Health services in Indonesia are no longer positioned solely as social services but have also developed into business activities managed professionally. This development gives rise to legal consequences that necessitate the regulation of health business law in order to ensure the quality of health services and to protect patients’ rights as consumers of health services. This study aims to analyze the role of health business law as an instrument in ensuring the quality of health services in Indonesia, particularly following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Primary legal materials include Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. Secondary legal materials are obtained from textbooks and scientific journals relevant to business law and health law. The results of the study indicate that health business law plays a strategic role in controlling health service business practices through the regulation of licensing, service quality standards, patient safety, legal liability of business actors, and consumer protection mechanisms. The consistent and equitable implementation of health business law is able to ensure the quality of health services without disregarding humanitarian values, professional ethics in health services, and the objectives of national health development.

This study aims to compare the performance of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) in predicting student performance based on academic scores. Student performance is defined as the average of math scores, Reading Scores, and writing scores. This study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative design based on predictive modeling. The data used is secondary data from the Student Prediction dataset obtained through the Kaggle platform, which was processed using the Python programming language through the Google Colab platform. The analysis stages included the formation of performance variables, the separation of training and test data with a ratio of 80:20, model training, and evaluation using the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R²) metrics. The results show that the Multiple Linear Regression model produced an MSE value of 2.74 × 10⁻²⁸, an MAE of 1.51 × 10⁻¹⁴, and an R² of 1.000. Meanwhile, Random Forest Regression produced an MSE of 0.296, an MAE of 0.375, and an R² of 0.998. These findings indicate that both models have a very high level of accuracy, but Multiple Linear Regression provides the best performance. This is due to the strong linear relationship between the input variables and the target variables formed directly from the combination of academic values. Thus, the linear regression model is proven to be more suitable for use in data structures that have simple linear relationships compared to ensemble-based models.

The mental health crisis in Indonesia is increasingly alarming, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, social stigma, and unequal access to professional services. A clinical approach alone is not enough to address this complex problem. This study offers a novelty in the form of an integrative approach: revitalizing the role of families and communities based on Islamic values (rahmah, ta'awun, shabr, syura, tarbiyah ruhiyah) combined with the use of digital social communities as a medium for education, discussion, and support systems. The research method used is a literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach, reviewing national and international literature, social support theory (Cohen & Wills, 1985), religious coping (Koenig, 2012), and Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory (1979). The results of the study show that families play a strategic role in the prevention, assistance, and referral of mental health cases, while digital communities are effective as spaces for education and emotional validation, with scalability and anonymity as their main strengths. Concrete strategies offered include family education, stigma-free campaigns on social media, spiritual care hotlines, and cross-sector collaboration. This approach is in line with the collectivist culture of Indonesian Muslim society and is more adaptive in the digital era. This research is expected to serve as a conceptual foundation for practical programs, public policy, and further research to create a more caring, stigma-free, and resilient society in the face of mental health crises.

This study examines the influence of Work Motivation, Leadership Style, Work Commitment, and Teamwork on the Work Performance of employees at the Directorate of Security (Ditpam) of the Batam Business Agency (BP Batam). A quantitative approach with an associative research design was employed. The population consisted of all Ditpam BP Batam employees, totaling 94 respondents, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, along with simultaneous testing (F-test) and partial testing (t-test). The results indicate that simultaneously, Work Motivation, Leadership Style, Work Commitment, and Teamwork have a significant effect on employee Work Performance, as shown by an F-count of 12.455, which exceeds the F-table value of 2.47, and a significance value of 0.001 (< 0.05). Partially, each independent variable also demonstrated a significant influence on work performance, with t-count values exceeding the critical t-table value. These findings suggest that higher motivation, effective leadership, strong work commitment, and solid teamwork play an important role in improving employee performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the management of the BP Batam Security Directorate continuously enhance employee motivation, apply participatory leadership practices, strengthen organizational commitment, and foster harmonious teamwork to improve overall work performance.

A moral crisis occurs when a person loses the attitude, character, and behavior that are in accordance with goodness. Moral and ethical crises often occur among the younger generation in Indonesia due to various factors, such as the impact of globalization, the influence of social media, the lack of parental involvement, and the lack of character education in schools. This study aims to explore the relevance of character education values in M. Quraish Shihab's Tafsir Al-Mishbah to the problems faced by students in the contemporary era. The crisis of morality, bullying, and the threat of radicalism are the background to the urgency of internalizing contextual Qur'anic values. This research is qualitative in nature, using library research, a thematic approach, and content analysis. The results show that the concept of character education in Tafsir Al-Mishbah is rooted in the relationship between the meaning of Rabb and tarbiyah, which aims to shape Insan Kamil through intellectual and spiritual balance. Analysis of Q.S. Luqman: 12-13, Q.S. Al-Hujurat: 11-13, and Q.S. Al-Mujadilah: 11 reveals fundamental values such as monotheism, gratitude, tolerance, and manners in seeking knowledge. The relevance of the findings shows that Quraish Shihab's moderate (wasathiyah) thinking is very effective in protecting students from extreme ideas, building digital literacy ethics through the principle of tabayyun, and eliminating the culture of violence in schools through a humanistic approach. This study concludes that Tafsir Al-Mishbah offers a functional methodological framework for strengthening the character of 21st-century students.

Evaluation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning plays a strategic role in assessing the achievement of educational goals while supporting the character development of students. The evaluation process not only considers cognitive aspects but also includes affective and psychomotor aspects, such as the appreciation of religious values, noble morals, and the ability to perform religious services. This study aims to describe the relationship between the scope of PAI evaluation and the process of character development of students. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with the research location at SDN Ngebel, Kasihan, Bantul. The research subjects included PAI teachers, students in grades I, V, and VI, and several parents. Data were collected through interviews with teachers, students, and guardians, observations of learning activities and religious practices, and documentation, including records of grades and religious activity agendas. Using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, data analysis included the stages of presentation, reduction, and drawing conclusions. Triangulation methods and sources ensured the validity of the data. The results showed that the implementation of a comprehensive PAI evaluation, which included academic assessment, religious practices, and moral behavior, had a significant impact on the development of student character. This is especially true in terms of religiosity, discipline, and responsibility. Therefore, the broader and more integrated the scope of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) evaluation, the greater its contribution to the overall character formation of students.

Breach of contract disputes with small claim values are often hindered by the lengthy and costly conventional litigation process. To address this issue, the Supreme Court issued PERMA No. 2 of 2015, which was later amended by PERMA No. 4 of 2019 concerning Small Claims Court. This study aims to examine the mechanism for resolving breach of contract disputes through small claims and its effectiveness in achieving the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost litigation. This research uses a normative legal method to analyze the relevant legal procedures and regulations. The findings show that small claims court is effective in streamlining the litigation process, with a resolution time limit of a maximum of 25 working days, much faster compared to regular litigation, which can take much longer. However, the implementation of this mechanism is limited by the requirement that evidence must be simple, which can be a challenge in some cases. Thus, small claims court can be an efficient and affordable solution for business disputes with low claim values.

Maddoja Bine is an agrarian tradition of the Bugis people in Soppeng Regency, performed before sowing rice seeds in the nursery. This ritual contains social, religious, and cultural values ​​deeply rooted in the belief system and social structure of the local community. This study aims to examine the history, ritual procession, socio-religious dimensions, and the dynamics of change and preservation of the Maddoja Bine tradition through an ethnographic approach. The research method used is a literature study by reviewing various national and international journal sources published in the last ten years, supplemented by a qualitative analysis of the results of previous research. The results of the study indicate that Maddoja Bine functions not only as an agricultural ritual, but also as a medium for collective prayer, a means of transmitting moral values, and strengthening social solidarity in the Bugis community. Along with social change, agricultural modernization, and religious influences, this ritual has undergone transformations in form and practice, but still maintains its core values ​​as a local cultural identity. Thus, Maddoja Bine is a tradition that is dynamic and adaptive to changing times, yet remains relevant as an intangible cultural heritage of the Bugis community.

Digital images often experience noise disturbances that can reduce visual quality and interfere with the image analysis process. One common type of noise is salt and pepper noise, especially in grayscale images, which is characterized by the random appearance of black and white dots. This study applied the Deep Convolutional Autoencoder (DCAE) method with a skip connection mechanism to eliminate salt and pepper noise in grayscale images measuring 256×256 pixels. The dataset used consists of 300 pairs of clean images and noisy images that have gone through the preprocessing stage, including normalization and data augmentation. The model was trained using an Adam optimizer with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function and validated through a train-test split scheme to avoid overfitting. Model performance was evaluated using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) metrics. The test results showed that the DCAE model with skip connections was able to effectively reduce noise while maintaining the main structure of the image based on the PSNR and SSIM values obtained, and showed better performance than conventional median filters. In addition, the model was successfully implemented into a Streamlit-based application to perform the image denoising process interactively, making it easier for users to experiment and visualize results in real-time.

Health behaviors among youth have undergone a significant transformation, shifting from nightlife culture and alcohol consumption toward healthy lifestyles such as community sports (running and padel). This phenomenon, known as the sober curious movement, is triggered by massive interactions in digital spaces. This study aims to analyze the role of social media as a catalyst in the transformation of the sober curious lifestyle and the increased participation of youth in healthy living through a literature review. This research employs a narrative literature review method. Literature searches were conducted through the Consensus database, Google Scholar, and Garuda, covering the period from 2021 to 2026. Data analysis was performed thematically on articles relevant to the digital health behavior of young adults. Findings indicate that social media acts as a primary catalyst through social norm engineering, whereby health is now viewed as a prestigious social status symbol. Digital platforms provide a space for the younger generation to normalise alcohol-free lifestyles, so that they are no longer considered unusual by their peers. The synergy between educational content and online communities accelerates the continuous internalisation of preventive values. Social media effectively shifts the health paradigm of the younger generation from a mere medical obligation to an aspirational digital identity. Public health practitioners need to optimize this digital potential as a proactive health promotion instrument to foster a fitter society in the future.

Plastic waste has become one of the main environmental problems due to its nature, which is difficult to decompose naturally and can cause environmental pollution. One alternative waste treatment method that can be applied is to use a plastic melter to melt and recycle plastic waste into useful products. However, the design of plastic melters often lacks consideration of structural strength and safety aspects during the operation process. This study aims to design and engineer a plastic melter using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation approach to analyze structural resistance to thermal and mechanical loads that occur during the operation process. The research method was carried out through 3D design modeling of plastic melter components using Solidworks software, followed by analysis with FEA simulation on the main component, namely the melting tube. The parameters analyzed include the distribution of von Mises stress, the amount of displacement, and the safety factor. The analysis results show that the analyzed components experience von Mises stress distribution and displacement that are still below the material tolerance limits, with safety factor values above the recommended safety limits. Thus, the resulting plastic melter design is declared safe and can proceed to the manufacturing process. Therefore, the plastic melter design is safe, strong, and feasible to be realized as an effective and sustainable plastic waste processing technology solution.

Corruption is a serious problem that leads to declining public trust, weakened governance, and hindered national development. Beyond economic losses, corruption also erodes moral values, ethics, and social justice within society. Therefore, corruption prevention efforts must be carried out systematically and sustainably, one of which is through the internalization of anti-corruption values at an early stage, particularly among students as future generations. This community service activity aimed to instill values of integrity, honesty, responsibility, and public ethics among students through the Anti-Corruption Generation Interactive Seminar, conducted in commemoration of International Anti-Corruption Day 2025. The activity involved approximately 150 junior and senior high school students in Makassar. The method employed was an interactive seminar implemented through material presentations and discussions between speakers and participants. The seminar materials emphasized an understanding of the dangers of corruption, its impacts on national and social life, and the strategic role of students in fostering an anti-corruption culture within schools and the wider community. The evaluation of the activity was conducted through observation of participant engagement and responses during the seminar. The results indicated an increase in students’ understanding and awareness of anti-corruption values, as well as the importance of integrity-oriented behavior in everyday life. This activity demonstrates that interactive seminars can serve as an effective approach to supporting students’ character development and strengthening preventive efforts against corruption.

Dynamics of social interaction within the alleyways of urban neighborhoods, which serve as unique social spaces amid the ongoing processes of modernization. Conducted in the alleyways of Makassar City, this research employs an ethnographic approach through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and field note documentation. The findings reveal that alleyways function not only as physical pathways but also as vibrant social arenas where communal activities—such as neighborhood gatherings, mutual aid, and small-scale household economies—take place. Modernization introduces significant changes to these patterns of interaction. On one hand, infrastructural development, technological penetration, and increased mobility foster new forms of interaction that are more practical and individualistic. On the other hand, core values of solidarity, including mutual support and close neighborly relations, continue to persist through community-based initiatives, local empowerment programs, and informal shared activities. The study concludes that alleyways represent hybrid social spaces where tradition and modernity intersect, demonstrating residents’ efforts to maintain social cohesion despite the pressures of social change. These findings are expected to contribute to policy development and inform local authorities in designing culturally sensitive alleyway development programs.