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The aim of this research is to determine the process of developing teaching materials for observation report texts in the Merdeka phase D curriculum assisted by Lectora Inspire in class VIII SMP and to determine the feasibility of the resulting product. This research uses research and development methods using the Borg and Gall procedure with stages of potential and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and limited trials. The feasibility value is calculated using a Likert scale based on the results of material expert validation, design expert validation, and study teacher assessment. The material development process was carried out to add several contributions in developing the existing observation report text material to be better. The research results show that the product resulting from the research "Development of Teaching Materials for Writing Text Reports on Observations in the Merdeka Curriculum Phase D for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bintang Bayu for the 2023/2024 Academic Year" is included in the "Very Good" category. This is based on the results of validation and material experts which were carried out twice with a score of 89% in the "Very Good" category and media expert validation twice with a score of 93% in the "Very good" category. Thus, the product is said to be suitable for use in the learning process.

The aim of this research is to describe how people's lives are described by the author in the short story Scribbles on the Toilet by Eka Kurniawan. Researchers use descriptive analysis methods by analyzing based on the facts contained in the short story. Data collection uses the reading-note technique which is used to obtain data by reading, understanding and recording quotations that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem. The results of the research show that there are phenomena in community life that are currently occurring.

Curriculum management is very important to study or research to find out how it is implemented in education in Indonesia, especially in junior high and high school level schools. To obtain data that is relevant to the research theme, this research used a qualitative research method with a descriptive type, namely research that describes or describes certain situations based on data obtained in detail according to the problems set out in this research. The research is a case study which aims to analyze the Implementation of Curriculum Management at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan. The results of the research show that the implementation of curriculum management at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Medan has been carried out in a structured and gradual manner for the students. However, there are still challenges or obstacles in implementing effective learning according to the curriculum for students. This is because subject teachers often forget to create or prepare teaching materials that are in accordance with the curriculum determination for students.  

Education is the main foundation in forming the character and intelligence of the nation's next generation. In Indonesia, Pancasila education has a very important role in directing students' moral and ethical development from an early age. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze effective Pancasila education learning strategies for grade 1 SD/MI. This research is qualitative research that uses the literature review method with Google School as a database. Based on the literature review that has been carried out, it can be concluded that creative learning methods, such as stories, games and art activities, are very effective in increasing grade 1 SD/MI students' understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila. These methods not only make the learning process more interesting and enjoyable, but also help students internalize the values ​​taught, develop critical thinking and problem solving skills, and form character in accordance with the principles of Pancasila. The successful implementation of creative learning methods is very dependent on the role of the teacher, family support and the school environment. Therefore, joint efforts are needed from various parties to overcome challenges and maximize the potential for creative learning in Pancasila Education.

This research aims to discuss the application of cognitive learning theory in the learning process in elementary schools. The main focus is on how cognitive approaches can improve students' understanding and skills. The research methods used were literature studies and field observations in several elementary schools. Cognitive learning theory was developed by experts such as Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner, who emphasized the importance of internal mental processes in understanding information. Piaget described four stages of children's cognitive development, while Bruner emphasized discovery-based learning. The research results show that a cognitive approach to learning can increase learning effectiveness, student motivation, as well as critical and creative thinking abilities. Students taught using cognitive methods show active participation in class activities, increased understanding of the material, and higher academic scores compared to traditional learning methods. Teachers report that this method helps students develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills. The practical implications of this research suggest that cognitive learning methods should be widely applied in elementary schools to optimize students' learning potential.

This research aims to determine the role of good use of Indonesian in the learning process for students, especially in mathematics set material. Apart from that, this research also aims to reveal various theories that are relevant to the problem being researched, and is carried out by re-analyzing data that has been collected from other research results in order to prove the correctness of the data and its validity based on the title of the research. The scope of this research is to measure students' understanding using good Indonesian regarding understanding elements in mathematical set material. The research method used is quantitative research. From the research that has been carried out, it can be seen that every reference used in this research states that the use of Indonesian plays a very important role in the learning process for students.

The quality of student learning is not yet optimal, this is in accordance with empirical data that the decline in achievements achieved by students in the academic and non-academic fields and the lack of professional teaching graduates means that planning management for developing teacher pedagogical competence is needed. The research was conducted using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative design. The data analysis technique used is an interactive analysis technique, through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and triangulation. The results of the research inform that (1) Planning for the development of pedagogical competence at SDN 2 Cieurih, SDN 3 Cieurih and SDN 1 Jalatrang was made based on the results of identifying needs and vision, mission and goals that had been determined, in its implementation the planning for developing teacher pedagogical competence was carried out in the form of meetings Work. (2) Implementation of pedagogical competency development at SDN 2 Cieurih, SDN 3 Cieurih and SDN 1 Jalatrang by participating in teaching, learning and administrative meetings, scientific forum programs held by local agencies in the form of education and training, making lesson plans, KKG, seminars or workshops . (3) evaluation Planning for the development of pedagogical competence focuses more on evaluating teacher performance through supervision activities with classroom action assessments. Apart from that, the principal also holds monthly work evaluations, one of which discusses the activities that have been carried out by teachers after participating in scientific forum activities outside the school. The monthly meeting is a control over the implementation of activities that will be carried out as well as an evaluation of activities that have been carried out previously. (4) Follow-up to the development of teacher pedagogical competence is to give awards to teachers who have met standards, provide coaching by holding meetings between school principals and teachers through face-to-face meetings and implementing the MGMP (Subject Teachers' Conference) program. ) (5) Supporting factors, namely teaching staff with a bachelor's degree, available funds, and complete infrastructure. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is that a handful of teachers who are approaching retirement have difficulty or are less interested in activities to develop the competence of teaching staff, in addition to having problems with timing at the same time as teaching schedules.

In the era of increasing digitalization, the integration of technology in education is becoming increasingly important. One area that has received a major contribution from technology is mathematics education at the secondary school (SMA) level. The use of mathematics software has become a highly effective tool for teachers and students in understanding complex mathematical concepts, developing computational skills, and solving problems more efficiently and interactively. This article analyzes various literature studies related to the use of mathematics software in high school, with a focus on developing students' computational thinking abilities. Computational thinking (CT) abilities, which were first introduced by Seymour Papert, are important skills that help students in decision making and problem solving. Various studies show that the integration of CT in educational curricula, particularly through teaching programming and the use of mathematical software, can improve students' computing skills. Although there are challenges in implementation, such as lack of infrastructure and teacher training, this study highlights the importance of using technology in mathematics education to create a dynamic, interactive, and relevant learning environment. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of literature studies related to the use of mathematics software in high school and its influence on the development of students' computational thinking skills. By understanding the findings from previous studies, it is hoped that this research can make a significant contribution to designing a more effective mathematics curriculum and provide practical guidance for educators in integrating mathematics software in everyday learning. The results of the analysis show that technology-based interactive learning methods, the use of special software such as Matlab and Geogebra, as well as programming training with languages ​​such as Java and Python, all show positive results in improving students' computing skills. However, there is still a need to improve abstract thinking skills and address variations in computational abilities among students.

This research aims to analyze errors in writing quotations in students' papers from the PGSD Study Program at Medan State University, especially in the paper entitled "Analysis of Teacher Difficulties in Implementing the Problem Based Learning Model in Elementary School Social Sciences Learning". This research uses a qualitative method with a design that prioritizes data collection through document analysis. The main data source comes from the text of the researched papers, with a focus on formatting errors, sources, and citation integrity. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model which includes presenting data and drawing conclusions. The research results showed that there were inconsistencies in writing the author's name, the wrong writing order based on the year of publication, and the use of inappropriate punctuation in quotations. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding and applying correct citation writing rules to improve the quality of scientific literature.

This research aims to: 1) Determine the best way to apply the imla' manqul method to improve the ability to write Arabic letters in TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap; and 2) Identifying factors that facilitate or hinder the application of the imla' manqul method to improve the ability to write Arabic letters at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap. Qualitative methods are used in this thesis. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Data collection analysis is used to examine the collected data, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing up conclusions. The research findings yielded the following conclusions: 1) The use of the imla manqul method by TPQ Tanwirut-thullab to improve students' Arabic letter writing skills. The imla manqul technique is used for lesson planning, the imla manqul method for implementation, and the manqul method for evaluating learning at the Cilacap Laut Village Panikel . Based on the great enthusiasm of students in participating in learning activities at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, it can be concluded that the imla manqul method and the ability to read Arabic letters at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab are quite good and are working well. This shows that students are aware of their abilities and are motivated to become more proficient in reading Arabic script. 2) Factors that encourage and hinder the application of the imla manqul method at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap to improve Arabic letter writing skills. The following factors support the use of the Imla Manqul method to help students become more proficient in writing Arabic letters: a) The teachers at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab have the necessary experience, especially in the field of religious knowledge; b) Students are enthusiastic about participating in learning activities at school; and c) A peaceful and friendly school environment helps students concentrate when reciting the Koran. Meanwhile, the obstacles to the TPQ Tanwirut-thullab Panikel Kampung Laut Cilacap using the imla manqul method are as follows: a) Each student has a unique learning capacity. This can be seen from how quickly they achieve their goals. b) At TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, teacher tardiness is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately. Panikel, c) Infrastructure at TPQ Tanwirut-thullab, where one of the things that hinders the effectiveness of learning is the lack of facilities and infrastructure.

This research is motivated by the gap between the demands of the digital era on cutting-edge geography and the geography learning process at SMA Plus St. Albertus Agung Weleun, Malaka Regency. The learning process tends to be verbal and teacher-centered, the use of media with cutting-edge technology is still lacking in attention so that educators have minimal or lack of variation in using learning models and media. This has an impact on learning that is often boring and this condition affects student learning outcomes which are not yet satisfactory, which is the problem of this research. This study aims to determine: 1) the effect of the e-learning learning model assisted by the Kahoot application on student learning outcomes at SMA Plus St. Albertus Agung Weleun; 2) the difference in the effectiveness of the e-learning learning model assisted by the Kahoot application on student learning outcomes at SMA Plus St. Albertus Agung Weleun. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a Nonequivalent-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study were students in grades XA and XB where class XA was the experimental class and class XB was the control class. The data collection technique was carried out using a test instrument consisting of a pretest and posttest developed based on teaching materials. The instrument has met the requirements for validity and reliability. The difference in learning outcomes between the control group and the experimental group was analyzed using the T-test, while in this study it was the independent sample t-test and the n-gain score test. The various analysis techniques were analyzed using SPSS version 24.00. The results of the study showed that: 1) there is a significant effect of the e-learning learning model assisted by the Kahoot application on the learning outcomes of students at SMA Plus St. Albertus Agung Weleun with a sig value (2-tailed) of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. 2) the e-learning learning model assisted by the Kahoot application is less effective in improving student learning outcomes, the experimental class value is 54.9550 and the control class using conventional methods is not effective in improving student learning outcomes, the value is 15.1133.

This research aims to discuss the influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on the Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students at Wederok State Middle School.  The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research. The results of this research are that an average of 51 students is converted into 4 categories, so the average score of learning outcomes for Wederok State Middle School students after learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is generally in the not good category. Based on the results of research conducted in cycle I and cycle II with the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model, learning outcomes have increased. This can be seen from the increase in the average student score during the research, namely 51 in cycle I and 85 in cycle II.

Currently, education is a serious problem, where many factors influence the development of education. One of them is in the current era of digitalization of education, where some teachers still experience limitations in the use of technology, requiring them to rely on conventional pedagogical and professional skills. This study aims to analyze the professional competence of mathematics teachers in implementing meaningful learning without the support of digital technology in junior high schools. This study uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive research type. Data collection techniques include interviews and observations. The results of the study show that teachers who have strong professional competence, especially in mastering the material, contextual learning strategies, and building good interactions with students, are able to create meaningful learning even without using technology. Real project-based learning, the use of simple teaching aids, and interactive communication are the keys to the success of a teacher. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening teacher core competencies in presenting relevant mathematics learning that is free from technological limitations.

This study examines the effectiveness of Project Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing cross-cultural communication skills within international language education programs. As globalization increases, effective communication across cultures is essential, and language programs must equip students with these skills. PBL, a learner-centered instructional strategy, integrates real-world problems into the learning process, promoting student participation, collaboration, and critical thinking. The research found that students engaged in PBL showed significant improvements in communication competence, collaboration, and intercultural understanding compared to those in traditional lecture-based instruction. The study suggests that PBL not only enhances language proficiency but also fosters cultural awareness and empathy through projects involving cross-cultural collaboration and problem-solving. Furthermore, PBL offers a more effective platform for practicing language skills in real-world scenarios, as opposed to traditional methods focused on theoretical aspects. The findings demonstrate that PBL is particularly effective in international programs, where students from diverse cultural backgrounds work together to solve global issues, thus improving their ability to communicate and collaborate across cultures. The research concludes that integrating PBL into international language education programs significantly enhances students' cross-cultural communication skills. The study encourages educational institutions to adopt PBL and suggests further research on complementary strategies, including technology, virtual exchanges, and intercultural simulations.

This study explores the effectiveness of inquirybased learning (IBL) in enhancing problemsolving skills among high school students in mathematics. The research is based on a case study conducted in a school where IBL methods were incorporated into the curriculum. The findings suggest that students engaged in inquirybased activities showed improved critical thinking and problemsolving abilities compared to traditional teaching methods. This paper discusses the impact of IBL on students' motivation and their ability to approach complex mathematical problems with greater confidence.

This study aims to get a solution to the problem of difficulty in improving language skills in terms of early reading in early childhood in group A1 in di Negeri Bung Karno surabaya. The research method used in this study, is a research and development method or often referred to as Research and Development (R & D), The subject of this study is students of group A1 of di Negeri Bung Karno surabaya Kindergarten for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 12 students with an average age of 4-5 years, consisting of 4 female students and 9 male students.The results of the study conveyed data on the difference between the use of Flipchart-based Pop Up learning media with an increase in initial reading skills in the A1 group of di Negeri Bung Karno Kindergarten Surabaya. From the table above, the result tcalculate = - with a significance level of 0.000. Because the significance level is less than 0.05, Ha is accepted, and Ho is rejected.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that "There is an effect of the use of Pop Up learning media on improving initial reading skills in group A1 children of di Negeri Bung Karno Kindergarten Surabaya"

The first stimulation of creativity in early childhood is so that children can express themselves creatively. Second, they can think creatively as an ability to resolve conflicts or solve problems. Third, independent creative practices give someone pleasure to produce useful goods. Fourth, creativity to improve the standard of living and norms of life. KB ONSIF which is still located in the village office of hamlet I, Onozitoli Sifafo village is a supporting factor for the large number of loose parts materials available, educators change the environmental conditions that are full of drinking bottles, paper and cardboard scattered around the building into educational play media for children. This conversion power can not only be used as a learning medium, but can also create cleanliness in the environment around the school. Loose parts are objects that are easily found in our environment, such as twigs, shells, used plastic packaging, plastic bottles, cardboard, metal, cloth, etc. These materials can be obtained by teachers and parents anywhere without spending money. The purpose of this study was to see the use of loose parts media in stimulating children. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by obtaining data from the results of observations, interviews and documentation. The research results obtained through loose parts media learning activities are able to stimulate children's creativity, as evidenced by the results of children's work based on children's imagination without the help of teachers.

Digital literacy is the ability to obtain, understand, and use information based on various digital sources. Information and communication technology development was increasing rapidly, and the Republic of Indonesia Constitution number 14 year 2005 demanded professional teachers be able to utilize digital technology and assess the validity of information from digital sources. Gilster said there are four aspects of digital literacy competence: internet searching, guidance of hypertext, evaluation of information content, and knowledge assembly. The researcher focuses on the problem of the digital literacy ability of Islamic education teachers and civil servants in Islamic education learning. The type of this research is field research with descriptive and qualitative approaches, which did not produce statistical analysis procedures or quantification methods. However, the research was analyzed through illustrations, narrative and interpretive words. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results showed that: First, based on the internet searching for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah can search the information on the internet using search engines. Second, the ability to guide hypertext or hypertextual navigation of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah still require a deeper understanding. Third, based on the ability to evaluate the information content of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah, Islamic Education teachers still need to be more critical of the information that they find on the internet. Fourth, the ability to have a knowledge assembly for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah also still needs deeper knowledge and understanding. Fifth, the ways implementation of digital literacy in the learning process of Islamic Education are using a computer laboratory, a laptop, and LCD to convey the information or material from the internet.

The importance of computational thinking skills has encouraged educational institutions around the world to integrate these concepts into their curricula. However, the challenge faced is finding the most effective learning methods and models to teach these skills. An appropriate learning model must not only be able to attract students' interest and motivation, but must also be able to increase their understanding and practical abilities in computational thinking. This research adopts a literature review method to explore information about effective learning models in improving students' computational thinking skills. Data was collected from various sources such as national and international journals, reference books, newspapers and magazines. The main aim of this literature review, as explained. The results of research on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning show very positive results in improving students' computational thinking. These two models not only improve computational thinking skills, but also critical, creative and analytical thinking skills, as well as student participation and involvement in the learning process.

Mathematics is a fundamental science that underpins many aspects of daily life.  Where mathematics can be used as a method of solving problems that we face in life activities, such as in using information, knowledge and seeing and using relationships between objects. Not only that, the important role of mathematics includes the formation and development of rational, logical, systematic and critical thinking skills. In the study conducted by Putrihapsari and Fauziah (2020), Nazir (2014) defines literature study as a research approach that involves evaluating a multitude of literature studies that are pertinent to the research being conducted. This strategy is employed in research as a preliminary stage to organise the investigation by gathering data from literature in the subject, without the necessity for direct involvement. By using the PjBL model, it is hoped that it can cover 21st century skills so that it can improve the quality of students' mathematical literacy skills. Given that students must collaborate from the outset, the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning paradigm may assist them in developing the skills required to work effectively in groups. In order for students to comprehend the rationale and benefits of the mathematics education they receive in the classroom, this learning paradigm is essential for fostering mathematical literacy.