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This study aims to assess the quality of patient care at the Emergency Unit of Sentani City Community Health Center, Jayapura Regency, by examining the experiences and perceptions of patients, their families, and healthcare workers regarding the service. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Informants were selected using purposive sampling involving ER patients, their families, and healthcare workers involved in the ER service process at Sentani Community Health Center. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participatory observation, and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research analysis refers to seven dimensions of service quality, namely direct evidence (tangibles), reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, service accessibility, and service systems and flows. The results of the study showed that service quality at the Sentani Community Health Center ER was in the fairly good category, especially the dimensions of empathy, reliability, and responsiveness of healthcare workers. Healthcare workers were friendly, responsive, and provided fair services without discriminating against patient backgrounds. However, a number of obstacles are still found that affect the optimization of services, including limited facilities and infrastructure, the number of health workers that is not commensurate with the service load, patient waiting times in certain conditions, the operating hours of the Emergency Room that are not yet 24 hours, and the low understanding of some patients regarding the applicable service system and flow.

This research is based on the shortage of functional penghulu officers, which has become a serious issue for the government, particularly the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. This condition can affect the quality of services in marriage registration, family guidance, and the provision of legal certainty to the community. To overcome the emergency of penghulu personnel, it is necessary to propose that the position of penghulu also be granted equal access to women, whereas until now the position of penghulu has been dominated only by men. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a comprehensive study on the provisions regarding the opportunities and problems of female penghulu within Indonesia’s civil law system, in which civil law is the official positive legal umbrella governing penghulu affairs. This research is normative legal research employing a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Meanwhile, the primary legal materials of this research consist of various laws and regulations directly related to penghulu affairs. The results of this research indicate that the opportunities for female penghulu within the civil law system are very open, constitutionally valid, and not subject to any normative prohibition. The problems arise when female penghulu are requested to act as guardians appointed by the court (wali hakim) or entrusted with the delegated guardianship of marriage (taukil wali). This is because, under Indonesia’s civil law, a wali hakim or a person receiving taukil wali is required to be male. In addition, another problem is the existence of a specific requirement to be male that must be fulfilled in the recruitment of penghulu personnel as stated in the Announcement Letter on the Recruitment of Candidates for Civil Servants of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.  

The growth of the digital economy in Indonesia has positioned Foreign Venture Capital Companies (FVCCs) as a fundamental pillar within the startup financing ecosystem. However, the legal landscape has undergone a significant transformation with the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (P2SK Law). This regulation mandates that all financial services business actors, including foreign entities, obtain business licenses from the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan/OJK). This study aims to analyze the legal implications of this licensing requirement on business certainty for foreign investors and to examine the normative inconsistencies between the Investment Law and the P2SK Law. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings reveal the existence of normative ambiguity (vagueness of norms) concerning the operational status of FVCCs utilizing offshore structures during the regulatory transition period, which is set to expire in January 2026. Such legal uncertainty has the potential to hinder the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) if not promptly addressed through adaptive implementing regulations, such as the optimization of regulations governing Foreign Representative Offices. On the other hand, the licensing obligation enhances legal certainty by providing preventive legal protection for Business Partner Companies through contract standardization and integrated supervision. In conclusion, this study recommends cross-sectoral regulatory harmonization and the issuance of clear technical guidelines to ensure a balanced approach between prudential supervision and investment facilitation.

Local food innovation is not only focused on product development but also requires effective communication strategies to build positive perceptions and enhance market competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the implementation of innovation communication strategies by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing papaya-based chili chips as a flagship product in Nagori Karang Anyar, Gunung Maligas District, Simalungun Regency. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, focusing on the product innovation process, marketing communication patterns, and efforts to build product image amid competition in the local food industry. The findings indicate that innovation communication strategies play a crucial role in creating product differentiation through narratives of unique taste, utilization of local raw materials, and promotional strategies combining traditional methods and digital media. Papaya chili chips are positioned as a product that blends distinctive local flavors with a modern touch, attracting consumer interest and increasing the added value of papaya as a local commodity. This study emphasizes that the success of local food innovation depends not only on product quality but also on the ability of MSMEs to manage adaptive and persuasive communication strategies.

Bullying is a common problem in elementary schools and can negatively impact students' psychological and social development, as well as their academic achievement. This community service activity aims to increase students' understanding and awareness of bullying at Ngemplak Elementary School regarding the definition, forms, impacts, and prevention of bullying through outreach and educational activities. The method used was a qualitative approach with case studies, implemented through interactive lectures, discussions, Q&A sessions, and supporting activities such as icebreakers and anti-bullying songs. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of bullying behavior, a growing sense of empathy, and the courage to reject and reprimand bullying. Student participation was very active and enthusiastic, supported by a fun and communicative learning environment. The school also responded positively, assessing the activity as beneficial in supporting character education and creating a safe and comfortable learning environment. Overall, the outreach and education on bullying prevention at Ngemplak Elementary School has made a significant contribution to building a school culture that is more caring, respectful, and free from bullying.

Madrasahs play a strategic role in shaping the moral character of young generations amid the challenges of the digital era, particularly Generation Alpha, who grow up in an environment dominated by technology. This community service activity aims to analyze and strengthen the role of Madrasah Baitul Mu’minin in Ngemplak Village in forming the moral character (akhlaq) of Generation Alpha through a Qur’anic empowerment approach. This program employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving madrasah caregivers, teachers (ustadz and ustadzah), students, and parents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that Madrasah Baitul Mu’minin plays a significant role in strengthening the moral character of Generation Alpha through Qur’an-based learning that emphasizes understanding and value implementation, consistent religious habituation, and exemplary behavior of educators. The Qur’anic empowerment approach proved effective in internalizing Qur’anic values and fostering moral awareness among students. Furthermore, the madrasah functions as a moral and spiritual development center that helps counterbalance the negative impacts of digital technology. These findings highlight the importance of non-formal madrasahs as adaptive bases for Islamic character education in responding to contemporary challenges.

Dairy goat farming holds significant economic potential as a rural enterprise alternative, driven by increasing market demand for goat milk, which is known for being low-allergen and highly nutritious. This article presents a case study on Okane Mochi Farm, a dairy goat farming unit located in Ngaglik Village, Gebang District, Purworejo Regency. This study aims to analyze the breeding management strategies, product innovation, and economic impacts generated by the farm. The method used is field observation and descriptive study of the farm's operations. Observations indicate that the success of Okane Mochi Farm is driven by three main factors: (1) Innovation in selecting superior breeds such as Anglo Nubian and Sapera for high milk productivity; (2) Implementation of strict housing management and hygiene standards to maintain milk quality; and (3) Product diversification through flavored pasteurized milk processing and the utilization of livestock waste into organic fertilizer (zero waste). The study concludes that the upstream-downstream integration model applied by Okane Mochi Farm can serve as a reference for sustainable rural economic empowerment models.

This study discusses the judge’s considerations in granting permission for polygamy to a husband who had committed adultery, as stated in the Religious Court Decision of Tanjung Karang Number: 737/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Tnk. Generally, Law No. 1 of 1974 in conjunction with Law No. 16 of 2019 on Marriage upholds the principle of monogamy but allows polygamy under certain conditions with court approval. This case is particularly interesting because the court granted permission for polygamy to a husband who was proven to have engaged in an affair and committed adultery resulting in a child born out of wedlock. The study aims to identify the legal considerations of the judge and the legal implications regarding the marriage and joint property. The research employs an applied normative legal method with a qualitative approach, using primary data from interviews and secondary data from legislation and legal literature. The results show that the judge considered granting permission for polygamy as a means of legalizing the existing relationship to maintain public morality and prevent continuous sinful behavior, although it conflicts with moral values. Legally, the second wife has no rights over the joint property acquired before the polygamous marriage, as stipulated in Article 65 paragraph (1) letter b of the Marriage Law

This study discusses the judge’s considerations in granting child custody of a non-mumayyiz (underage) child to the biological father in the Religious Court Decision of Tanjung Karang Number: 1379/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Tnk. Generally, according to Islamic law and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), custody of a non-mumayyiz child is granted to the biological mother. However, in this case, the panel of judges decided to grant custody to the biological father. The purpose of this research is to identify the legal reasoning behind the judge’s decision and the legal implications of such a ruling. The study employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach, supported by primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data from legislation and legal literature. The results show that the judge’s consideration was based on the best interest of the child principle, as the mother had remarried a non-Muslim man and converted to another religion, which made her ineligible to be the custodian under Islamic law. The legal implication of this decision reinforces the authority of judges to interpret hadhanah provisions contextually, ensuring the protection of the child’s rights and supporting their growth in accordance with religious teachings and prevailing social norms.

Financial literacy is a fundamental skill that should be introduced from an early age to shape wise financial behavior. Elementary school students need to understand basic financial concepts to recognize the value of money, distinguish between needs and wants, and develop saving habits. However, many children still lack adequate financial literacy. This activity aims to improve financial literacy among elementary school students through a saving habituation strategy at SD Negeri 040530 Bunuraya, Bunuraya Village, Tigapanah District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The methods used included observation, teacher interviews, financial literacy socialization, and hands-on assistance in saving activities. The strategies implemented involved simple financial education, pocket money management simulations, creating piggy banks, and conducting regular saving programs at school. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of money functions, the importance of saving, and positive changes in financial behavior. Students became more accustomed to setting aside their pocket money and demonstrated more frugal and responsible attitudes. This activity indicates that consistent and structured saving habituation can be an effective strategy for improving children’s financial literacy from an early age.

This study addresses low student engagement and high levels of boredom in entrepreneurship courses that rely heavily on one-way PowerPoint-based lectures. Preliminary observations in-dicated that 80% of students experienced low motivation and difficulty generating innovative business ideas. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of gamification on student learning motivation and business creativity.A quantitative approach was employed using a pre-experimental (One-Group Pretest–Posttest design). The sample consisted of 25 students selected through total sampling. Gamification elements, including: points, badges, and leaderboards, were integrated into the learning process to replace conventional lecture methods.The findings indicate that the implementation of gamification significantly trans-formed student learning behavior and classroom dynamics. Students shifted from passive disengagement, characterized by limited interaction and high distraction levels, to proactive participation. Verbal interactions increased substantially, moving beyond administrative ques-tions toward meaningful business discussions. Students demonstrated heightened engagement and responsiveness during learning activities. The gamified learning environment also fostered a safe space for creative experimentation, enabling students to take entrepreneurial risks without fear of academic or financial failure. Improvements were observed across key di-mensions of business creativity, including fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The study concludes that gamification is an effective pedagogical strategy for enhancing student motivation and business creativity in entrepreneurship education. By transforming learning from a passive knowledge-transfer model into an experiential and interactive process, gami-fication supports the development of an entrepreneurial mindset among digital native students.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo public transportation services with the support of the GoBis application system as a form of digital-based public service innovation in the city of Surabaya. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the SERVQUAL (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) theoretical approach. The data used includes secondary data from the Surabaya Transportation Office, with the number of GoBis users reaching 327,018 people, GoBis balance users 42,833 people, and saving ticket users 2,095 people. The results of the study show that the tangible and reliability dimensions are relatively good, shown through modern fleet conditions and fairly consistent departure schedules. However, in the dimensions of responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, there are still obstacles related to the speed of response of digital systems, transaction security, and limitations of users' digital literacy. The utilization of GoBis' digital transaction feature is still low compared to the total number of application users. This study concludes that the success of Trans Semanggi Suroboyo is highly dependent on the integration between the quality of physical services and the effectiveness of the digital system. It is necessary to strengthen technological infrastructure, improve data security, and digital education for the public so that the quality of smart transportation in the city of Surabaya can run optimally and sustainably according to the principles of smart mobility.

Effective village development through the Village Development Planning Consultative Forum (MusrenbangDes) relies heavily on active community involvement, ensuring that planned programs reflect their needs and expectations. This study aimed to determine the effect of community participation on village development planning in Pondok Village, Babadan District, Ponorogo Regency. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 84 respondents and analyzed using simple linear regression. A quantitative approach was used as the survey method. The results showed that community participation and village development planning were quite good. With a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.889, validity and reliability tests indicated that the instrument was valid and reliable. The relationship between variables was linear, normally distributed, and no heteroscedasticity was found in the classical assumption test. Simple linear regression results indicated that community participation had a significant influence on village development planning. With  regression coefficient of 0.787 and a significance value of p < 0.001, community participation was responsible for 53.1% of the variation in village development planning. This is shown by the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.531. Therefore, to improve village development plans through MusrenbangDes, community participation is crucial. Village governments must prioritize increasing sustainable participation at each stage of the planning process.

Banks are financial institutions that play a very important role in the economy and continue to innovate by developing various new forms and services. Spin-offs of Sharia Business Units (UUS) are a new method in the world of Islamic banking with the aim of becoming independent Islamic banks in conducting business activities based on sharia principles. The spin-off of the SBU is one of the main focuses of Law Number 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector. Furthermore, referring to the provisions in Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 12 of 2023 concerning Sharia Business Units, conventional banks can carry out banking activities in accordance with sharia principles by being required to open an SBU. This shows that the UUS is a unit that remains part of the conventional bank, and the provisions governing its activities, even though they are carried out by conventional banks, must still follow sharia principles, including prohibiting interest-based transactions. This study shows that spin-offs of UUS have great potential to drive the growth of Islamic banking. A spin-off is a company's decision to restructure, which has various legal implications. Although spin-offs of Islamic banks have the potential to improve the performance of Islamic banking, government policies that require spin-offs without considering the specific context of each bank can hinder the development of this sector. The implementation of mandatory spin-off policies needs to be balanced with more comprehensive government policy support.

The transformation of political communication in the digital era has fundamentally altered the ways political parties and their affiliated wing organizations interact with party cadres and the broader public. In Indonesia, party wing organizations such as Angkatan Muda Pembaharuan Indonesia (AMPI), Angkatan Muda Partai Golkar (AMPG), and other youth wings increasingly rely on social media as the primary medium for political cadre formation. However, this shift has not only created new opportunities for participation but has also generated structural problems, including the dominance of symbolic communication, the personalization of political elites, and the subordination of ideological discourse to the algorithmic logic of digital platforms. This article aims to critically examine how the digital political communication of party wing organizations operates within the context of Indonesia’s representative democracy, the extent to which it constitutes a deliberative public sphere for young cadres, and how such practices affect the quality of political cadre formation. Employing a critical paradigm and a transdisciplinary qualitative approach, the study integrates Habermas’s theory of the public sphere, Aeron Davis’s evaluation of democratic communication, and the concept of the mediatization of politics. The findings indicate that the digital communication of party wings tends to function primarily as an instrument of symbolic consolidation and loyalty mobilization rather than as an arena for dialogical political education. Consequently, digital cadre formation produces representational identities more than critical political consciousness. This article therefore recommends a reorientation of the digital political communication of party wing organizations toward deliberative and emancipatory models in order to strengthen internal party democracy and promote substantive political regeneration.

The untimely formation of government regulations on the delegation of laws is still a serious problem in the practice of forming laws and regulations in Indonesia. It was recorded that from 2021 to 2023 there were 16 government regulations that were formed late, which shows that there are problems in the follow-up mechanism for legislation delegations. The author analyzes whether the government has a legal obligation in the timeliness of the formation of government regulations as implementing rules. In addition, this study also examines the juridical and practical implications of the law if a delegated government regulation is formed late. The data used are quantitative and supported by doctrinal research methods through the analysis of laws and regulations, expert opinions, and related legal literature. The results of the study show that the government has a legal obligation to form government regulations in a timely manner. The delay in the formation of government regulations has an impact on disrupting the effectiveness of the implementation of the law and causes some provisions to not be implemented optimally because the implementing instruments are not yet available according to the specified deadline. In addition, these delays have the potential to cause legal uncertainty for the public, law enforcement officials, and policy implementing agencies. The vacuum of implementing rules can also trigger differences in interpretation, hinder policy implementation, and increase the risk of legal disputes. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of stricter monitoring and evaluation mechanisms against the deadline for the formation of government regulations to ensure legal certainty and regulatory effectiveness.

In Islamic law, marriage registration is very significant for both legal and religious reasons. It is a crucial part of making sure that both the administrative duties of marriage and the safety of the family are protected. In Islamic law, marriage is not just a social contract but also a religious duty that necessitates adequate documentation to safeguard the rights of both parties involved. This paper seeks to investigate the notion of marriage registration through the lens of Islamic law, analyzing its function in protecting familial rights, providing legal safeguards, and performing administrative responsibilities. The study methodology utilized is a qualitative approach, incorporating a literature review and document analysis of Islamic legal texts and pertinent current legal systems. The results show that registering a marriage in Islamic law is important not just for making the marriage official, but also for getting legal recognition, avoiding conflicts, and making sure that family members, especially women and children, are safe under the law. The registration process also makes it clear what the marriage's legal status is and what it means for things like inheritance, custody, and other family issues. In conclusion, marriage registration is an important part of Islamic law that upholds justice, protects the family, and makes sure that the marriage is legally protected and accountable.

This research is motivated by the importance of preserving the authenticity of the Qur’an as the primary source of Islamic teachings and law, which serves as the foundation for legal certainty within the Islamic Family Law system. Historical records show that the codification process of the Qur’an carried out by Zaid bin Tsabit during the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Uthman bin Affan played a crucial role in ensuring the integrity and uniformity of the revealed text, thereby having significant implications for the validity of Islamic legal arguments. This study aims to critically analyze the role of Zaid bin Tsabit in the Qur’anic codification process and its implications for the certainty of the textual basis (nash) in Islamic family law. Using a qualitative method with a historical-normative approach, this research combines chronological and normative analyses of primary sources such as the works of as-Suyuthi and az-Zarkasyi, as well as secondary sources in relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the codification process of the Qur’an holds not only historical value but also juridical significance, as it ensures the authenticity of the text as the foundation of Islamic law. Therefore, integrating historical and normative aspects is essential to maintaining the authority of Islamic legal sources in the contemporary era.

The background of this research aims to determine and analyze judges' perspectives on the application of customary law in resolving criminal cases at the Padangsidimpuan District Court. Customary law is an unwritten legal system that exists and develops within society and is often used as a consideration in deciding cases related to local values ​​and cultural wisdom. In the context of Padangsidimpuan society, which still strongly upholds customs and traditions, customary law often serves as a means of resolving social conflicts before they enter the formal legal realm. The research method used is empirical juridical, with data collection techniques through direct interviews with judges and document studies of several relevant court decisions. The results indicate that most judges at the Padangsidimpuan District Court view customary law as a complementary instrument to positive law, particularly in minor criminal cases with social and familial dimensions. Judges strive to consider customary values ​​to achieve substantive justice, without neglecting the principle of legality and statutory provisions. However, the application of customary law cannot replace positive law in its entirety; rather, it serves as a moral and social value that strengthens the community's sense of justice.

This study aims to explore Generation Z's adaptation to traditional values, particularly the Balinese language sor singgih in Catur Wangsa, amid social changes driven by globalization and technological advancements, from the perspective of interpersonal communication. The phenomenological approach in qualitative research is the research method used, with three data collection techniques: participant observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation. This study also uses source and technique triangulation as a data validity technique. The research informants are members of Generation Z from the five castes in Bali: Brahmana, Ksatria, Weisya, and Sudra. Research conducted across eight districts and cities in Bali indicates that Generation Z is beginning to shift its interpersonal communication patterns. Although they still uphold traditional values of politeness and social norms, Generation Z emphasizes equality and openness in their daily interactions. The generation Z that continues to use the Balinese language is segmented by social context, emotional closeness, and communication situations, rather than solely by caste differences. Furthermore, this study's findings show that the caste system is seen more as a cultural identity than a social boundary. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of preserving the values of Balinese local wisdom in the form of adaptive, egalitarian communication that is relevant to the development of the younger generation in the digital age.