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The annulment of a marriage has legal consequences, namely that the marriage is declared invalid (no legal force on the declared void marriage). The Cibinong Religious Court Decision No. 7584/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Cbn is an example of a ruling on marriage annulment due to the dowry not being provided by the male party. This writing aims to examine the legal considerations in the Cibinong Religious Court Decision No. 7584/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Cbn, which annulled the marriage due to the unpaid dowry, based on the Marriage Law and Islamic Law. The research method used is normative legal research with an analytical descriptive approach. The approach is based on secondary data through literature studies, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis method employed is qualitative juridical analysis. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the legal reasoning behind the decision to annul the marriage due to unpaid dowry in Cibinong Religious Court Decision No. 7584/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Cbn, which was based on Article 27(2) of the Marriage Law in conjunction with Article 72(2) of the Compilation of Islamic Law, was less accurate.

This study aims to analyze and find out the analysis of the process of determining polygamous marriage at the Larantuka Religious Court, East Flores Regency. This type of research is an empirical research that uses primary, secondary and tertiary data collected using interview techniques and literature studies and analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) The process of determining polygamous marriage consists of information services, case acceptance and trial activities (2) Factors that affect people not to apply for the determination of polygamy in religious courts, namely lack of knowledge, related to customs and complicated management.    

This study aims to enhance children's religious awareness through the teaching of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) on wudhu (ablution) and prayer in Desa Baru, Asahan Regency. The main issue addressed is the low level of understanding among children regarding the correct procedures of wudhu and prayer, which impacts the quality of their daily worship. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation during the educational program implemented within the KKN activities. The research findings indicate a significant improvement in children's understanding and practice of worship after participating in the fiqh wudhu and prayer learning program. Children who previously had limited knowledge of essential aspects of wudhu and prayer became more disciplined in performing their religious duties. Additionally, there was an increase in their motivation to learn more about religion, and positive behavioral changes were observed, particularly in maintaining cleanliness before prayer and punctuality in performing prayers. In conclusion, this fiqh learning program had a positive impact on enhancing children's religious awareness in Desa Baru.

Efforts by Islamic Religious Education Teachers to Increase Learning Concentration for Class IV Students at SD Negeri 15 Ampang Gadang; This research discusses the strategies of Islamic religious teachers in increasing the level of student learning concentration in class IV of SD Negeri 15 Ampang Gadang. This research aims to describe the efforts made by Islamic teachers to increase the learning concentration of class IV students. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through structured interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this research show that the efforts of Islamic religious teachers include cleaning and preparing students before entering class, getting used to praying and reading short surahs before starting learning, using interesting learning media to foster interest in learning, implementing interactive and fun teaching methods, and creating a learning environment. which is conducive.

Real work lecture is one of the activities that aims to increase student participation in assisting community development, especially in the social and religious fields. This article discusses efforts to optimize social and religious activities in Muara Laung II Village through the KKN program. This activity involves students in various work programs and religious guidance in accordance with the needs of the local community. The results of this program show an increase in community participation in social and religious activities, an improvement in the quality of life, and an awareness of the importance of developing local potential. Optimization of this activity is expected to become a sustainable model of village community empowerment, with a positive impact on the social and spiritual welfare of the Muara Laung II community.

Kampung Mosso is one of the villages located in the Jayapura city government area and is a border area between the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The people in Kampung Mosso work as farmers. The agricultural commodities cultivated in the village are sago, corn, bananas, cassava, etc. However, agriculture in the village is still only to meet the needs of life. Not many people in the village have cultivated agriculture, especially food crops, optimally. Therefore, this community service will try to offer a solution, namely training in the use of home ground land as a strategy to increase food security in border areas. The results of this community service showed that two groups of people in Kampung Mosso were able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets, but another group was not able to cultivate fish and vegetables in buckets. The suggestion that needs to be done from this activity is intensive assistance and monitoring to several community groups so that they become more proficient in agricultural and fisheries cultivation.

This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. With the hypothesis that there is a positive influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. Using a descriptive quantitative research method. The population of all students of class X SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 50 people. This study is a population study. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The rcount value = 0.871 indicates a positive relationship and a very strong level of relationship in the interval 0.800 - 1.00 between PAK teacher guidance and students' interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education. b) The determination test found that the influence was 75.86%. The study concluded that there was a positive influence of PAK teacher guidance on the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class X students of SMK Negeri 1 Sigumpar in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

Moral education today is very worrying and declining. Many behaviors violate immorality, causing chaos for oneself and public unrest. The development of modern science and technology has caused moral values ​​to be neglected due to a lack of cultivation and practice of moral learning. Strengthening character is considered important in overcoming moral problems amidst the complexity of social life. Seeing the survival of a nation can be seen from the character of a nation. Islamic Religious Education Teachers do not just teach but must be able to develop moral norms or character in their students and have a big responsibility in forming students' religious character. They act as facilitators, leaders and role models for students in understanding, practicing and internalizing the teachings of the Islamic religion. Islamic religious and moral learning is focused on building character with full compassion for all elements of the universe. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, researchers carry out research in the field by making observations. The aim to be achieved in this research is to determine the role of PAI teachers in shaping students' religious character.

This research aims to determine the strategy for realizing social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Natal Regency, knowing the forms and forms of social harmony and the efforts made to create social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Regency. Christmas 2024. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data collection in this research uses observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Social harmony is compatibility, suitability, balance and justice which provides a sense of security, peace and prosperity to all mankind. Broadly speaking, it means the existence of brotherhood and togetherness between religious communities even though they are different in terms of ethnicity, race and class. The results of this research show that in the villages of Promisematogu and Lambou Dahlul Ihsan, each religion teaches to live in peace and tranquility. The importance of awareness among the adherents of each religion makes it very easy to establish social harmony in society. So that people can live in peace, help each other, respect each other, in everyday life. Religious figures also often emphasize the importance of tolerance as a basis for peaceful coexistence. By implementing the Dalihan Na Tolu system, the kinship system has an important meaning that looks at the relationship between Islamic and Christian communities in the kinship system incorporated in Dalian Na Tolu, overcoming relationships that are built on the basis of inter-religious brotherhood.

The background of this research related to Social Interaction is defined as a dynamic mutual social relationship, which concerns the relationship between individuals, individuals and groups, groups and groups. The main problem in this study is to understand the interaction of religious people in increasing solidarity between religious communities in Bukit Nenas Village by looking at the many positive activities carried out in the Bukit Nenas Village area. Cooperation carried out by religious communities is Islam, Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Especially when Muslims are performing worship during the holidays, people who live close to the mosque environment voluntarily help maintain security around the place of worship and who maintain that security from other Protestant and Catholic Christians. To see the benefits of the formation of a sense of solidarity between others, the researcher is interested in further studying the benefits of community interaction and its influence in realizing social solidarity in Bukit Nenas Village. The results of this study show that the influence of community interaction on socio-religious life in the village is very numerous, including from the social side, establishing good communication between communities, both communities around the house and communities that are far away and different environments, realizing and increasing community solidarity, and maintaining brotherhood. The benefit from the religious side is that harmony that has been maintained to this day can be used as an example by many people and other regions. Judging from the culture of interaction between communities that have cultural differences, the community knows about other cultures.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the learning activity of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive inferential method. The population was all class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung totaling 274 students and a sample of 35 people was determined using Purposive Sampling. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 34 items. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the Pedagogical Competence of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Learning Activity of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.619> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 35) = 0.334. b) Test of significant relationship obtained tcount value = 4.524 > ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 33) = 2.042. 2) Test of influence: a) Test of regression equation, obtained regression equation Y ̂="16.36" + 0.65X. b) Test of regression determination coefficient (r2) = 38.3%. 3) Hypothesis test using F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 35-2 = 33) which is 20.43 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Water quality plays an important role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems, including the abundance and diversity of plankton. This study aims to analyze the effect of various water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, brightness, and turbidity on plankton diversity in Bozem. Data were obtained from eight observation stations with water quality parameter measurements and plankton sampling. The results showed that the water quality in Bozem was not optimal, with low DO values ​​(1.79 mg/L), high water temperatures (average 31.05°C), and low brightness (0.30 m), which contributed to the decline in plankton abundance. A total of 39 plankton genera were identified, with Synedra as the most dominant genus. Poor water quality inhibits plankton growth, which can impact the balance of the food chain in these waters. This study shows the importance of better water quality management to maintain the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems in Bozem. This study also contributes to the understanding of the multifactorial interactions between water quality parameters and plankton.  

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning method in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMP YPMA Medan. The problem addressed is the low level of active student participation in PAI learning. To address this issue, the TPS method was implemented as a strategy to increase student engagement. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the application of the TPS method significantly increased student activity in discussions and collaboration, as well as deepened their understanding of the learning material. Students were more motivated and actively participated in the learning process, showing improvement in academic achievement. These findings indicate that the TPS method is effective in teaching PAI, particularly in facilitating interactive and collaborative learning.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with Pre-Experimental One Shot Case Study statistics. The population was all class Data was collected using a 20 item questionnaire. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in the Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Test analysis requirements, namely tcount = 8.376 > ttable = 2.042. It is known that the tcount value is in the area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.

This research aims to improve students' learning experience in Pancasila education through interactive video media at SDN 1 Pakis Surabaya. The research used a spiral-based PTK method with a total of 25 students, with a focus on planning, action, observation and reflection. The research results show a significant increase in,  student learning outcomes after video interactivity. This research shows that the use of interactive videos in the Pancasila education program at SDN 1 Pakis Surabaya significantly improves student learning outcomes. Based on the data collected, it appears that the use of interactive videos can improve students' understanding of the material, especially on teacher-led learning topics that prioritize good behavior in the surrounding environment. The increase in learning outcomes as seen from the average student score from 68 to 75 shows that this media is effective in helping students meet the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) that have been set. with a percentage in the initial condition of 41%, in cycle I which was proven to be 83%, and the percentage in cycle II was 100%. In addition, every student succeeded in achieving the learning objectives in cycle II, with a statistically significant average increase. Observations also showed that student activity and motivation increased, indicating that interactive videos had a positive impact on both academic performance and behavior.    

In the era of advancing information and communication technology, using the internet has become very easy. This is due to the need for access to information, lifestyle, communication, entertainment, and knowledge available on various social media platforms. Social media plays a role in shaping a person's identity, and high social media use among students can impact their mental health. This study aims to determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the mental health of PAI students at Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The subjects in this study were 87 PAI students. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Product Moment Correlation test. The results showed a significant negative relationship between the intensity of social media use and the mental health of PAI students. The correlation coefficient was r = 0.220 with a significance level of p = 0.041 (< 0.05). This means that the higher the students' intensity of social media use, the lower their mental health. Conversely, the lower the intensity of social media use, the better their mental health.

This study aims to explore the urgency of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in improving the spiritual intelligence of eighth grade students at SMP Alfa Sanah Cisauk. Spiritual intelligence is an essential aspect of students' holistic development, encompassing the ability to understand the meaning and purpose of life, as well as to develop strong moral and ethical values. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and school document analysis. The subjects of the study included PAI teachers, eighth grade students, and parents. The results of the study indicate that PAI plays a crucial role in enhancing students' spiritual intelligence. The PAI curriculum not only includes religious knowledge but also spiritual practices that encourage self-reflection, the development of positive values such as honesty, empathy, and respect, and the application of these values in daily life. PAI teachers at SMP Alfa Sanah Cisauk also implement interactive and contextual learning approaches, which facilitate students' deep understanding of religious teachings. Moreover, support from parents and a conducive school environment also contribute to the enhancement of students' spiritual intelligence. This study concludes that PAI is vital in shaping students' character and spiritual intelligence and recommends that schools continuously strengthen PAI programs by involving various stakeholders to achieve optimal results.

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence between the Sociodrama Learning Method by PAK Teachers on the Interest in Learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of Class V Students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the sociodrama learning method on the interest in learning Christian religious education and character education of class V students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive inferential approach. The population of all students of Class V of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District who are Protestant Christians totaling 32 people as the research sample. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 30 student respondents outside the research respondents, and its validity and reliability have been tested. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Sociodrama Method on the Interest in Learning PAK and Character Education of Class V Students of SD Negeri 2 Martoba, Simanindo District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.862> rtable (α = 0.05, n = 32) 0.349, thus there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value of 9.311> ttable (α = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 30) 2.04227 thus there is a significant relationship between variable x and variable y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Ŷ = 2.50 + 0.53X. b) Determination coefficient test (r2) = 74.3%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable (α = 0.05, dk numerator k = 2, dk denominator = n-2 = 32-2 = 30 ) namely 84.73 > 1.62, thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of teacher creativity on the interest in learning PAK of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar in the academic year 2024/2025. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with inferential descriptive statistics. The population was 130 class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar and a sample of 40 people was determined using a random sampling technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 35 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Creativity of Christian Religious Education teachers on the Learning Interests of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar Academic Year 2024/2025, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive influence test obtained rxy value = 0.551> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 40) = 0.312 thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.072> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 38) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="25.127" + 0.912X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable, namely 16.581 > 4.08. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Buddhism is a religion that aims to bring happiness to all living beings through mutual respect, acceptance, celebrating differences, and living peacefully. Of course, this kind of thing is in accordance with multicultural education, one of the aims of which is to develop the ability to recognize, accept, appreciate and celebrate cultural diversity. This qualitative research using literature studies analyzes the significance of multicultural education values ​​in Buddhist teachings. The data analysis technique uses content analysis by sorting things according to the focus and objectives of the research. This research produces the following three conclusions. First, Buddhism teaches tolerance so that its followers can listen to the teachings of other religions with full awareness as stated in "samaggā sakhilā hotha", meaning "let each other be in harmony and do good. Second, Buddhism teaches its followers to behave democratically, which was directly exemplified by the Buddha when making a decision for the Kalama people. Third, Buddhism teaches peace and always avoids all forms of conflict, hostility and fighting because those who can realize this truth will immediately end fighting.