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Amethyst crystal is one type of rock that is widely studied in the field of geology, especially because of its beauty and interesting formation process. Amethyst is a variety of quartz mineral (SiO2) that is purple in color due to the presence of oxidized iron ions. As a mineral that is often used in jewelry, amethyst also has high economic value. The Geological Museum often displays amethyst crystals to provide more insight into the geological processes that occur beneath the earth's surface and the importance of recognizing various types of minerals and rocks. The purpose of exhibiting Amethyst Crystals at the Geological Museum is to provide information and knowledge to the public about the geological properties of Amethyst Crystals and their role in the world of geology and their formation process. The implications of Amethyst Crystals provide deeper insight into the geological and mineralogical processes to the public, thereby increasing understanding of the earth and nature.

Palm oil is one of the plantation commodities that is growing rapidly in Indonesia, with a total sales area of ​​11,672,861 ha in 2016. Clearing land for oil palm plantations is often carried out by converting forest land into plantation land. This activity has the impact of deforestation and is a serious threat. For biodiversity in Indonesia, orangutans are no exception. Orangutans are one of the animals that, based on the Assessment Information issued by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources), orangutans are expected to be converted to Critically Endangered status in 2016. In the context of protecting orangutan habitat in Indonesia. Clearing of land for oil palm plantations is based on the instruments regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and within the principles regulated in Minister of Agriculture Regulation Number 19 of 2011 concerning guidelines for oil palm plantations

This research was motivated by the public's lack of exposure to the potential of culinary products to support tourism in Solok City. The aim of this research is to formulate the potential of culinary tourism as a supporter of tourism in Solok City using SWOT analysis originating from internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). This research is descriptive in nature with qualitative data obtained through observation techniques, interviews, and documentation, with research informants selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research informants were: Tourism Office, Bundo Kanduang, community and traders. Data was analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and strategic analysis. Overall, the research results show that the potential for culinary products to support tourism in Solok City has strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be identified for development. The potential for culinary products to support tourism in Solok City that can be proposed involves: 1) Many types of typical Solok City food are still not exposed to visitors as well as the meaning and traditional traditions contained in each type of typical Solok City food. 2) The potential of culinary products to support tourism in Solok City, consisting of karucuik baluik, banana stem curry, banana pinyaram, limpiang pinyaram and bagalintin banana compote need to be maintained so that they can become selling points with a taste that is maintained and become a legacy for future generations 3) The internal factors of typical Solok City foods such as karucuik baluik, banana stem curry, banana pinyaram, limpiang pinyaram and bagalintin banana compote have a delicious and savory taste. The drawback of Solok City culinary tourism food is that its presentation does not last long at room temperature. The younger generation is not skilled in making it. The external factor of delicious food can increase business opportunities for local MSMEs and can open up new job vacancies if developed. The potential of Solok City's culinary products is threatened and is rarely made by the community, so the current generation does not know the traditional processes and events used to make them.

The thematic study of hadiths (maudhu'i) concerning nature and science is a significant approach to understanding Islam's contribution to environmental preservation and the development of modern scientific knowledge. This research aims to examine the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ related to environmental conservation, natural phenomena, and their integration with contemporary scientific findings. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach, where primary data were obtained from authentic hadith collections such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, and analyzed thematically. The results of the discussion indicate that the concept of environmental conservation in Islam is reflected in the principle of hima, as well as hadiths that encourage tree planting and the protection of living beings. Hadiths about natural phenomena such as the sea, rain, and wind contain both spiritual and educational messages that support ecological awareness. Furthermore, the integration of hadith with modern science, such as embryology, demonstrates that Islam supports scientific exploration as a form of worship and a means of understanding the greatness of Allah’s creation. In conclusion, thematic hadith studies not only enrich the understanding of the relationship between religion and science among Muslims but also provide an ethical foundation for building a faithful, knowledgeable, and environmentally responsible society that contributes to scientific advancement.

Lake Sentani is an important ecosystem icon in Papua Province and plays a role in supporting social, economic, and ecological activities for the local community. Based on the Jayapura Regency Spatial Plan (RTRW) 2008-2028, Lake Sentani is categorized as a leading tourist attraction and main destination in Jayapura. This lake has great ecotourism potential, not only because of its natural charm, but also because of the aesthetic value of the historical heritage and the diversity of fauna found in the area. Ecotourism development can support conservation efforts while providing a significant direct economic impact on the local community, by considering three important aspects in its management, namely ecological, economic, and resource aspects. Sustainable ecotourism development in Lake Sentani will affect the interaction between the local community and the tourist area. This research was conducted in the Lake Sentani tourist destination area, Jayapura Regency, from April to May 2025. Data were obtained by conducting direct observations in the field, collecting documentation, distributing questionnaires, and conducting interviews to collect information about nature-based tourist attractions, supporting facilities, as well as community views and visitor interests. The data obtained were then analyzed using the SWOT approach to develop a strategic plan to advance ecotourism in the Lake Sentani area. Findings from the analysis indicate that the most appropriate strategy to implement is the SO (strengths and opportunities) strategy, on the grounds that the available ecotourism resources have great opportunities but have not been fully optimized.

The This study examines the debate surrounding the first created being in Islamic cosmology, where various opinions exist. Some argue that the first creation was the Pen (al-Qalam), while others claim it was the Throne (‘Arsh), the air, or the Light of Muhammad (Nur Muhammad). The main issue addressed is the limited and fragmented information found in classical hadith sources regarding the sequence and nature of the initial creation. Methodologically, this research employs a qualitative approach by analyzing the chapter Bad’ al-Khalq (The Beginning of Creation) in key hadith collections. The findings show that although some hadiths mention early creations such as the characteristics of heaven and hell, the seven layers of the earth, and angels, detailed and systematic narratives about the order of the first created beings remain scarce. Various views on who or what was created first appear in the literature, ranging from al-Qalam and ‘Arsh to Nur Muhammad, but no absolute consensus has been reached. This study aims to fill that gap by compiling and analyzing relevant hadiths to provide a more focused and in-depth perspective on the first created being and the sequence of creation. Additionally, this research emphasizes the theological and cosmological significance of these beings and their implications for understanding the structure and purpose of the universe. It is hoped that the results of this study will enrich the body of Islamic scholarship and encourage deeper reflection on the orderliness and existence of Allah’s creation.

In Indonesia, the Christian faith is often misunderstood in the context of religious pluralism. Aware of the multi-religious nature of this nation, consideration arises as to what appropriate ideas can be applied to communicating the Christian faith within the context of interfaith theology. The challenges and opportunities in communicating the Christian faith must also be considered. Challenges within interfaith communities include the potential for exclusivism and dogmatism, pluralism, relativism, and inclusivism. These pose significant challenges and dangers to one's faith. If the confession that Jesus is the only Way of Salvation is not sensitive to these circumstances, it can erode, leading to a tendency to deny and equate all religions with the same. This research uses a qualitative method focused on literature review, where sources are obtained from books, journals, and other scholarly works. All scientific references used align with the theme of this paper, namely, "Opportunities and Challenges of Christian Faith Within the Framework of the Theology of Religions."

The 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) is one of the programs of the Surabaya City Environmental Office in managing waste problems in Surabaya. With the population density in Surabaya, it does not rule out the possibility of a large number of waste consumption, especially plastic waste. This study aims to see the level of effectiveness of the implementation of the 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) in Surabaya City by the Surabaya City Environmental Office. The author looks at DLH Surabaya's efforts in improving the quality of waste management, especially plastic waste and sees what factors support the success of the 3R program in processing plastic waste in Surabaya. Plastic waste has a nature that is difficult to decompose and requires a long time even hundreds of years to decompose. Therefore, DLH Surabaya applies waste management with the 3R concept. The method used in this study is descriptive evaluative. The results of the author's research during his internship at DLH Surabaya show that waste management using the 3R concept (reduce, reuse, recycle) runs effectively as evidenced by the reduction of waste in Surabaya by around 1.5 tons of waste per day and 2 tons of plastic waste per day. The author examines using effectiveness theory according to Sugiyono in Budianni, which includes 3 effectiveness indicators, namely, Target accuracy, Socialization, Monitoring.

This study explores the dual impact of artisanal gold mining on economic livelihood and environmental sustainability in Tedeboe Village, Rampi District, North Luwu Regency. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with four key informants—including the village head and three local miners—and through direct field observation. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s qualitative analysis framework, encompassing coding and thematic development to capture nuanced insights. The findings indicate that artisanal gold mining has significantly improved household income, especially in meeting basic needs and funding education. However, the sector’s informal nature and high dependency expose the community to economic volatility. Moreover, despite limited use of chemicals, awareness of mercury’s environmental and health risks is rising among miners. Environmental degradation, particularly soil and water pollution, alongside potential respiratory hazards, emerges as a critical concern. The study underscores the urgent need for sustainable mining practices, stronger local regulation, and capacity-building through education and economic diversification. These findings advocate for a balanced approach to rural development—one that harmonizes economic benefits with ecological resilience and community well-being.

Tourism is currently a rapidly growing sector, particularly in line with social change and technological advancements. In this context, ecotourism is becoming an increasingly popular approach because it prioritizes the principles of environmental sustainability, local cultural preservation, and improving community welfare. One innovative form of ecotourism is the development of agroforestry-based tourism, which integrates environmentally friendly agricultural and forestry practices. One concrete example of this concept is the Dawuhan Kopi area in Semarang Regency. This area has developed a coffee forest farming system as a primary tourist attraction, aiming to combine nature conservation and community economic development. This study aims to comprehensively examine how coffee agroforestry management in Dawuhan Kopi is implemented as a form of ecotourism and to analyze various optimization efforts that have been and are being implemented. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, and documentation. The results reveal that the management of the coffee agroforestry area in Dawuhan Kopi still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of institutional framework, tourism product packaging, availability of supporting facilities, and local community empowerment. To address these issues, a comprehensive improvement strategy is needed, ranging from strengthening institutional capacity, innovation in tourism packages, developing basic infrastructure, and increasing active community participation in every management process. This research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of a sustainable agroforestry-based ecotourism model and serve as a reference for other regions with similar potential to implement the same concept adaptively and contextually.

Nowadays, logos have become a form of choice for conveying communication. The logo has become a center of information for the community, but based on the author's interviews with several people related to the community, they have not optimally understood the meaning of the visual Sampoerna Retail Community logo, therefore the author is interested in researching it. The objectives of the research are 1. Know and describe the visuals of the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. 2. Analyze and describe the visual meaning contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. With Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis approach. Through analytical steps, we explore the meaning behind the Sampoerna Retail Community logo: icon, index, symbol and meaning. The results of this research provide an illustration that Sampoerna Retail Community is trying to display its logo by prioritizing the spirit of providing the best service to the community by using icons, indexes, symbols and meanings that are appropriate to display to the public and consumers. The results of the researchers found that there are six visual parts contained in the Sampoerna Retail Community logo. There are six meanings, namely: 1. A place and location for shopping. 2. A woven logogram with the nature of mutual cooperation. 3. The color red symbolizes enthusiasm. 4. The color white symbolizes purity and comfort. 5. SRC text fosters a modern feel. 6. Close means being everywhere, thrifty means affordable prices, friendly means friendly and welcoming. This is what the public needs to know.

In the digital era and the Industrial Revolution 4.0 towards Society 5.0, innovation becomes crucial, but many young people are still trapped in consuming information immediately without sufficient analytical skills. The absence of a culture of literacy and reading causes innovation that is only based on imitation. The initial message of Islam "Iqra' wa rabbukal-akram" (Read, and your Lord is Most Gracious) provides a solution, emphasizing that reading is the key to gaining knowledge, broadening your views, and developing critical thinking. Reading includes observing nature, social phenomena, and the signs of God's power, which require reflective thinking. The history of Islamic civilization shows progress triggered by the spirit of "iqra'," which gave birth to famous scholars such as Ibn Sina and Al-Khawarizmi. In the current era of globalization and technological challenges, these values ​​are becoming increasingly crucial. Al-'Alaq 3 serves as an eternal call to develop critical thinking as a moral and spiritual responsibility, linking contemporary innovation with the ability to read critically. This article is intended to analyze QS. Al-'Alaq 3 as the basis of critical thinking in Islam, encourages scientific research and creative expression of gratitude. This study applies qualitative literature methods, which combine Islamic literature and contemporary critical thinking.

This paper investigates various forms of church training for children, highlighting the central role of the family as the primary foundation. Based on a theological interpretation of Job 5:18 and an understanding of the family as a "mini church," this article explores how the family functions as the primary agent in instilling Christian values ​​through education, character education, faith and moral cultivation, and parental role models. In addition, this paper identifies the unique characteristics of children in terms of nature, needs, physical, mental, moral, psycho-social, and faith development that need to be considered in designing effective training strategies. Furthermore, this article outlines the main materials of child training and various implementation strategies that can be applied by churches and families, including increasing Sunday school services, age grouping, dexterity training, utilization of literature, emphasizing God's love and calling, and teaching principles from Proverbs 22:6. This study emphasizes the importance of a deep understanding of children and the development of empathy in the effort to foster the next generation of church members who are faithful and have Christian character.

Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics pose significant environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature. Bioplastics, particularly those derived from corn starch, offer a promising alternative because of their biodegradability and renewable origin. This article presents a narrative review analyzing the effects of various additives on the characteristics of corn starch-based bioplastics, including tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability. The review focuses on scientific publications from 2015 to 2025.  Three types of additives were examined: cellulose fibers, graphene oxide (GO), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results show that the combination of starch and PVA with glycerol yields the best overall performance, achieving the highest tensile strength (1.8 MPa), moderate water resistance 60%, and rapid biodegradation within 6–10 days. While cellulose improves mechanical properties, it tends to slow down the degradation rate. GO provides only slight enhancements in mechanical and water-resistant properties. Overall, the starch–PVA blend appears to be the most promising formulation for developing eco-friendly and applicable bioplastics in the future.

Corporate crime in the environmental sector is one of the biggest challenges in law enforcement in Indonesia. Companies that pollute or destroy the environment are often difficult to hold criminally liable due to the impersonal nature of their legal entities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against corporations that commit environmental crimes and the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in proving and imposing crimes against corporations. The method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach and case studies. This research found that although there is already a fairly strong legal framework, such as in Law No. 32 of 2009 and the new Criminal Code, implementation in the field is still weak. Some of the inhibiting factors include the difficulty of proving the responsibility structure in the corporation, the lack of investigator capacity, and the influence of economic power from corporations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, apparatus capacity, and corporate criminal accountability mechanisms that are more adaptive and firm.

This research aims to examine the legal protection against employment termination (PHK) in Temanggung and the obstacles encountered in the process of providing such legal protection. The type of legal research used is empirical and descriptive in nature. The approach employed is qualitative. The types of data used in this research include primary data obtained through interviews with respondents, and secondary data in the form of documents, information, books, journal articles, and facts obtained from official documents and legislation. The results of the study show that legal protection against employment termination (PHK) is carried out by the Department of Industry and Manpower of Temanggung Regency through the development of industrial relations and resolution via mediation. The obstacles faced by the Department of Industry and Manpower of Temanggung Regency in providing legal protection against employment termination (PHK) include limited budget for official travel activities, challenges in implementing industrial relations development with companies, the absence of disputing parties, and the lack of knowledge regarding applicable legal provisions.

This research examines God as the initiator of cross-cultural missions through a case study of mission transformation in the life of the Apostle Peter. Departing from the existing research gap, namely the need to reflect on the nature of God who loves other nations through a change in Peter's perspective, this study aims to show that God is the initiator of salvation for all mankind. The significance of this study is to encourage the church to see cross-cultural missions as an important approach in transmitting God's love to those who have not yet repented. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study finds that Peter's encounter with Cornelius was a crucial turning point in early Christian missionary work. The experience radically changed Peter's narrow understanding of who was worthy of receiving the gospel, extending from just Jews to all nations. The descent of the Holy Spirit upon Cornelius and his family is clear evidence to Peter that God's grace is impartial and available to every believer. This event was not only a personal lesson for Peter, but also a revelation of God that opened the door for the gospel to reach the Gentile world, fundamentally changing the course of church history.   Penelitian ini mengkaji Allah sebagai penggagas misi lintas budaya melalui studi kasus transformasi misi dalam kehidupan Rasul Petrus. Berangkat dari kesenjangan penelitian yang ada, yaitu kebutuhan untuk merefleksikan sifat Allah yang mengasihi bangsa lain melalui perubahan cara pandang Petrus, studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa Allah adalah inisiator keselamatan bagi seluruh umat manusia. Signifikansi penelitian ini adalah untuk mendorong gereja agar melihat misi lintas budaya sebagai pendekatan penting dalam menularkan kasih Allah kepada mereka yang belum bertobat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perjumpaan Petrus dengan Kornelius merupakan titik balik krusial dalam karya misi Kekristenan awal. Pengalaman tersebut secara radikal mengubah pemahaman sempit Petrus mengenai siapa yang layak menerima Injil, meluas dari hanya orang Yahudi menjadi semua bangsa. Turunnya Roh Kudus kepada Kornelius dan keluarganya menjadi bukti nyata bagi Petrus bahwa kasih karunia Allah tidak memandang bulu dan tersedia bagi setiap orang yang percaya. Peristiwa ini tidak hanya menjadi pelajaran pribadi bagi Petrus, melainkan juga wahyu Allah yang membuka pintu bagi Injil untuk menjangkau dunia non-Yahudi, secara fundamental mengubah arah sejarah gereja.

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

The purpose of this study is to examine the sociological conditions of the HGU conflict, and to analyze the need for the establishment of an Agrarian Court from a legal and social aspect. The method used in this study is the Sociolegal method, which combines law with social reality. Primary data was taken from interviews with farmers, residents affected by HGU, BPN officials, Secondary data was obtained from laws and regulations, court decisions, NGO reports, land documents. Mesuji Regency is an area in Lampung Province which is known as one of the chronic agrarian conflict areas in Indonesia, especially those involving the Right to Cultivate (HGU) by large plantation companies including PT Barat Selatan Makmur Investindo (BSMI) and PT Silva Inhutani. This conflict involves local communities and companies holding HGU. The root of the problem is the community's claim to customary land, cultivated land, or inherited land. Allegations of HGU expansion that exceed the permit limit. The conclusion of this study is that the resolution process is often ineffective, unfair, and slow. HGU conflicts are generally structural in nature, because they involve inequality between local communities and large corporations that receive legal legitimacy through the granting of HGU. The establishment of an Agrarian Court has the potential to be a more just, effective, and contextual solution to resolving plantation HGU conflicts.

Pancasila is foundational ideology of Indonesia, serving as a guiding principle across various aspects of life, including fair and sustainable communication. Klean (2013) states that "Pancasila is a source of values for building just and civilized social interaction." In the context of communication, the principle of justice is crucial, as "every individual has the equal right to express their opinion." This study utilizes a qualitative method Based on an analysis of existing research and discourse analysis. This method was chosen to understand the application of Pancasila values in the context of fair and sustainable communication in the social, political, and mass media spheres. The study is descriptive-analytical in nature, aiming to explain, analyze, and interpret the concept of communication based on Pancasila in various life aspects. Pancasila functions not only as the foundation of the state but also as a philosophical system that holds significant meaning and relevance for the Indonesian nation in preserving unity and national integrity. As a foundation for fair and sustainable communication, Pancasila plays a vital role in multiple life domains by offering five interrelated and complementary principles.