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Education is the forerunner of the birth of an intelligent generation. Education does not only take place at one moment, but education continues without knowing the age called lifelong education. In the teaching and learning process it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for students to learn. Therefore, today many learning models are applied in the learning process. This classroom action research aims to apply the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model in the teaching and learning process by optimizing the active role of students in the classroom and providing evaluations to measure student understanding of the material through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. The subjects of this study were junior high school students. The estimated duration of the study lasted at least one month. The timing of research refers to the school's academic calendar, because PTK requires several cycles that require an effective teaching and learning process in the classroom. In the learning process, there are several improvements that occur in students where based on the results of observing student attitudes in class during learning activities through the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method it turns out to be able to change student learning attitudes and can improve student mindsets and learning activities and foster a sense of mutual cooperation between students.

In order to improve the community development business system so that it is more productive and efficient, technology is needed. The introduction of technology that has developed in society is technology that has been developed in a modern way, or what is known as "appropriate technology" or technology and its applications which have the characteristics of being decentralized, relatively small scale, labor intensive, energy efficient and closely related to local conditions. The socialization activity was held on Saturday, July 28 2022 at 13.00 WITA at Moncongloe Bulu Village, Moncongloe District, Kab. Maros. This activity aims to provide information to the community. To provide information to the community, especially residents of Moncongloe Village, Maros Regency, about various appropriate technologies in midwifery services and how to use appropriate technology in midwifery services, which includes how to use and utilize them. This educational process uses a lecture method with the help of powerpoints and leaflets and educational videos. The results obtained from this activity are that the mothers who participated in this service activity become more understanding and know more about how to use appropriate technology in midwifery services. The assessment is based on the participants' responses and enthusiasm in receiving the material provided. Including positive responses from participants in answering questions correctly when asked by the presenter.    

The implementation of this service activity is carried out by providing material on Proposal Preparation and Food Business Planning for Sweet Potato Spring Roll Products by delivering this training material with lectures and discussions. Assistance is carried out to provide direction on how to start Business Planning and Preparing Business Proposals to Marketing and Business Development. The purpose of this assistance is to provide understanding and ability to students in starting a business well

The aim of this article is to delve into the understanding of how phonology can be a key factor in unlocking the meaning and beauty of poetry. By exploring the role of phonology, readers will be introduced to the often-overlooked dimension of sound in the interpretation of poetry. Additionally, the article contributes innovative and engaging teaching strategies, focusing on phonology instruction within the context of poetry. Each presented strategy is expected to enhance the material's appeal, making the learning experience more captivating for students.

The phenomenon of value imposition in counseling is a dynamic counseling process. Value imposition refers to counselors directly trying to influence clients to adopt the counselor's values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. This article highlights the importance of counselors understanding the professional code of ethics applicable in the country where they practice and how value imposition is viewed from the ethics of the guidance and counseling profession in general. The research method uses a systematic literature review method, where this technique reviews articles and research systematically and explicitly, to evaluate, identify, a topic, and understand the material in depth. The conclusion of this research is that the existence of value imposition can harm the professional ethics that must be lived and is not in accordance with the existing counseling objectives.

Financial management is very crucial in practice, both personal and business financial management. This is very important, especially for MSMEs, because poor financial management will have an impact on bookkeeping and make income and expenses confusing, especially if the business being run has started to increase in sales. Financial recording is an important thing but is often underestimated even though there are many benefits that entrepreneurs get by recording financial reports. There are many reasons why a business has not recorded financial reports properly, such as a lack of insight into what it is like to make or record its own financial reports and there are no resources that can handle it, as is also felt by the entrepreneur who owns the Tunas Sari semprong located in Rengasdengklok-Karawang. Starting from this, in this community service, we aim to provide basic training in simple financial recording to improve the performance of entrepreneurs' businesses. Apart from the manual, we also provide understanding in operating financial records using a digital application in the form of BukuKas which can be installed on business people's smartphones. This makes it easier for entrepreneurs to operate financial reports. With knowledge of financial reports, we can easily find out our income and expenses and can be used as evaluation material in improving business performance and developing the business we own. From the results of this training, it is hoped that entrepreneurs will be able to record simple financial reports and be able to operate the BukuKas application to make recording easier.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the personality of Alara. The material objects used in the novel entitled "Lara Rasa" by Nureesh Vhalega. By using a literary psychology approach. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data obtained in this research includes all the phenomena in the novel. This phenomenon can be activities, characteristics and relationships, through critical analysis of the novel "Lara Rasa" and further analysis. This finding was obtained due to the concept of Hierarchy of Needs from Maslow. The five needs that form this hierarchy are (1) Physiological Needs, (2) Needs for Security, (3) Needs for love and Existence, (4) Needs for Appreciation, (5) The need for self-actualization. Aims to reveal personality attitudes by understanding the characters in the novel

The purpose of this research is to analyze the personality of Alara. The material objects used in the novel entitled "Lara Rasa" by Nureesh Vhalega. By using a literary psychology approach. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data obtained in this research includes all the phenomena in the novel. This phenomenon can be activities, characteristics and relationships, through critical analysis of the novel "Lara Rasa" and further analysis. This finding was obtained due to the concept of Hierarchy of Needs from Maslow. The five needs that form this hierarchy are (1) Physiological Needs, (2) Needs for Security, (3) Needs for love and Existence, (4) Needs for Appreciation, (5) The need for self-actualization. Aims to reveal personality attitudes by understanding the characters in the novel

Learning motivation plays a crucial role in improving students' understanding and engagement with the subject matter. Contextual learning approach is considered as a method that can motivate students by linking learning with the context of their daily lives. This study aims to investigate the effect of contextual learning approach on Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning motivation in elementary schools. This research uses qualitative research methods with a literature approach, primary and secondary data obtained from studies that have been published in journals that have high credibility sinta 2 and 5, which discuss the effect of contextual learning approaches on learning motivation for Islamic religious education in elementary schools. After the data is collected, data analysis is carried out and the data is grouped according to its type, and finally draws conclusions as expected. The results showed that students who received learning with a contextual approach had a significant increase in learning motivation compared to the control group. In addition, the comprehension score of PAI material also increased significantly in the experimental group. This shows that the contextual learning approach can positively contribute to students' learning motivation and understanding of PAI materials. This research makes an important contribution to the development of PAI learning methods in elementary schools. The practical implication is that PAI teachers can consider the use of contextual learning approach in designing and implementing learning strategies in order to increase students' motivation and understanding of Islamic Religious Education.  

This research aims to find out how ecopedagogy is implemented in elementary school learning to increase environmental awareness and student involvement. This article was prepared using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. Searches were carried out using Google Schooler. In the initial stage of the journal search, 235 journal articles were obtained with a time limit, namely from 2014 to 2023. The procedure for searching and selecting articles in this study used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews & meta-analyses (PRISMA). Ecopedagogy discusses three main areas, namely technical ecoliteracy , critical ecoliteracy, and cultural ecoliteracy. The implementation of ecopedagogical integration in elementary school management which aims to instill environmental character values ​​from generation to generation can be carried out in several forms, namely integration in the curriculum and learning by including an understanding of ecology in the subjects or materials taught and the application of methods or media. Environmentally caring character education aims to instill values ​​and awareness of the environment in students. Case studies of the application of ecopedagogy in education show that it can be applied through digital media and multi-dominant learning to develop cognitive, psychomotor and environmental awareness. Barriers to implementing environmentally caring character education in schools include internal factors such as students' bad habits and lack of knowledge, as well as external factors such as inadequate learning support equipment and lack of cooperation between teachers and parents. Collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and the community is essential for successful implementation.

The importance of using media in the mathematics learning process has become the main focus in increasing the effectiveness and attractiveness of learning. One interesting approach is the development of opportunity card-based learning media. This research aims to develop and release opportunity card media as a mathematics learning aid that can increase students' understanding of concepts and interest in learning. This media development is carried out through the stages of requirements, design analysis, development and evaluation. The research method used is development research using the Kemp model which includes several stages, such as needs analysis, planning, development, implementation and evaluation. Each stage has specific steps that help process developers design and organize learning materials more effectively. The research subjects involved class XII students at SMA Negeri 62 Jakarta. The research results showed that the opportunity card media developed received a positive response from students and teachers. Understanding of mathematical concepts increased significantly, and students' interest in learning also increased. and also provide an interesting learning experience and can increase student involvement in learning.

The importance of using media in the mathematics learning process has become the main focus in increasing the effectiveness and attractiveness of learning. One interesting approach is the development of opportunity card-based learning media. This research aims to develop and release opportunity card media as a mathematics learning aid that can increase students' understanding of concepts and interest in learning. This media development is carried out through the stages of requirements, design analysis, development and evaluation. The research method used is development research using the Kemp model which includes several stages, such as needs analysis, planning, development, implementation and evaluation. Each stage has specific steps that help process developers design and organize learning materials more effectively. The research subjects involved class XII students at SMA Negeri 62 Jakarta. The research results showed that the opportunity card media developed received a positive response from students and teachers. Understanding of mathematical concepts increased significantly, and students' interest in learning also increased. and also provide an interesting learning experience and can increase student involvement in learning.

Language is a communication tool used to express an idea or emotion. In linguistics, language is comprehensively explored with the aim of developing understanding and is also used for research. In analyzing the meaning of language, a pragmatic understanding is required. Pragmatics is a linguistic field that examines the interplay between the function and form of speech acts. This research primarily focuses on the analysis of expressive and directive speech acts. Expressive speech acts involve utterances that convey the feelings or thoughts experienced by the speaker. On the other hand, directive speech acts involve utterances intended to encourage or trigger action from the listener. This research aims to obtain, examine, and discuss a variety of speech acts found in educational science-themed videos on the YouTube channel "Kok Bisa?". This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach. The data used consists of a number of utterances in the videos. The data collection technique used is observation and note-taking. Data analysis is carried out using distributional and correlational techniques. Data presentation is done formally and informally. The potential value of this study lies in its capacity to offer insights to the author and researchers concerning expressive and directive speech acts found in utterances. The practical benefits of this research will be obtained by those in the field of science, educators, learners, and language researchers as a basis, reference, and teaching material concerning expressive and directive speech acts found within utterances. In the science videos on the "Kok Bisa?" YouTube channel, 26 expressive speech acts and 36 directive speech acts were identified from nine selected videos. This analysis reveals that directive speech acts in the form of questioning dominate these videos, enabling two-way interaction through viewer comments.

Understanding concepts is very important in learning mathematics, because with a thorough understanding, students can solve a problem and are able to apply this learning to the real world. This research aims to develop and test the validity of conceptual understanding ability questions on set question material in Class VIID MTsN 2 Kerinci. This type of research uses development research. The research subjects were class VII D students consisting of 26 students. The data collection techniques used were tests, interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that students have a very good understanding of concepts. It can be seen from the results of the analysis of the test question data that it can be seen that there are 8 students (22.9%) included in the category of having the ability to understand concepts very well, 5 students (14.3%) included in the category of having the ability understanding of the concept was good, 7 students (20.0%) were in the sufficient category, and 5 students (14.3%) were in the poor category. This means that overall there are 8 students out of 25 students who have the ability to understand concepts in the very good category. This shows that set material questions have a potential effect on students' ability to understand concepts.

Bullying is very common in the school environment because it can disrupt students' learning at school. Schools, especially guidance and counseling teachers, have an important role in ensuring that students or students avoid bullying so that they are able to learn effectively and efficiently. Students who have an understanding of the dangers of bullying will have a greater opportunity to avoid levels of bullying and understand the dangers of bullying. This research also aims to ensure that students can find out that there is an increase in understanding of the dangers of bullying through classical guidance for class VIII students at SMPN 1 Sungai Pua for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research shows that after being given classical guidance services, more than half of the students can understand the dangers of being in the very high category. In the high category with a frequency of 6 it was 18.75%, in the medium category the frequency of 3 was 9.375%, in the low category the number of 0 was 0%, in the very low category with a frequency of 0 it was 0%. Thus, it can be concluded that classical guidance is an effective and innovative strategy to increase the understanding of class VIII students at SMPN 1 Sungai Pua regarding the dangers of bullying. The results of this research can be used as reference material for guidance and counseling teachers to increase understanding of the dangers of bullying in students through classical guidance services.

This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of online learning physics courses in universities. This research is a literature study by taking references from several journals and library sources with a narrative presentation to see the effectiveness of online learning in universities. As educators, lecturers utilize various learning media and digital applications which are expected to be integrated into the student learning experience and still  refer  to  learning  outcomes  in  the  semester learning  plan  (RPS).  Physics is a compulsory subject.  Online learning in physics courses at universities is indeed quit good, but has obstacles to understanding the physics material taught  by lecturers, including the learning provided is more dominant in theory and practicum activities are not optimally implemented.  So that the effectiveness of online learning of physics courses in universities can be categorized as quite effective because the results are not optimal.

This research aims to find out conceptual errors in simple airplane material in elementary schools. Understanding concepts is the most important aspect in learning simple airplanes. This is to avoid students' learning misconceptions and is one of the conditions for achieving success in learning simple airplanes. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection procedure carried out in this research is a literature study. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research results show that the factors causing students to experience conceptual errors include students' lack of knowledge, wrong or incomplete intuition, teachers' lack of mastery of the material, teachers' use of textbooks, and monotonous teaching methods.

Misconceptions are concepts that are not relevant to scientific understanding accepted by experts in the field concerned and can cause difficulties in understanding material. The aim of this research is to examine the results of misconception analysis in working on arithmetic series operations at PGMI 3 UIN North Sumatra. This research uses survey and test methods to identify misconceptions that generally arise when PGMI-3 students work on arithmetic series operations. The research results show that there are several misconceptions involving understanding the general formula for arithmetic series, calculating the nth term, and adding terms in a series. Most of these misconceptions are related to inaccurate understanding and lack of focus on the basic concepts of arithmetic series. The type of error that many students make is an error in determining a formula with an error percentage of 20.49% and the error being made is an error in the final result determined, with an error percentage of 17.93%. Of the 39 students, there were 24 students who answered the questions correctly and well and there were 15 students who made different mistakes.

This research aims to determine the influence of students' learning activities on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts through the STEAM Learning Approach Makerspace model based on PBL on SPLDV materials. As for the type of research Quasi-Experiments. The population in this study was 90 students who were distributed into 3 classes with 2 classes that sampled grades VIII A and VIII C. The sampling techniques in this study used randomized classes and data collection techniques in this study were tests and observations, while the research instruments used preliminary tests and final tests to measure the ability to understand mathematical concepts and observation sheets to see students' learning activities. Data analysis techniques using a two-way ANOVA test. The research showed that there is an influence of the PBL-based Makerspace STEAM Learning Approach model on the ability to understand mathematical concepts, there is no influence on students' learning activities on mathematical concept comprehension capabilities, and there is no interaction between the PBL-based Stem Learning Approach Makerspace model and student learning activities on the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Conclusion, there is a positive direct effect of cognitive structures on the ability to understanding mathematical concepts.

This research is aimed at finding out and analyzing the role of the Oral Arabic program in developing Arabic language skills for new students of the Arabic Language Education study program at the Indonesian University of Education. This program was held based on the problem of differences in the backgrounds of students, some of whom have not or have never studied Arabic, which hinders these students from understanding the learning in class. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The resource person in this research is one of the new students who is taking part in the Oral Arabic program. From this research, data was obtained regarding the Arabic Oral Program, such as the number of students and educators, the purpose of the program, the teaching materials used, and the obstacles faced during the learning process.