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Learning difficulties do not only occur in students attending primary to secondary school, but also occur in mathematics education students. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review research method. Mathematics education students are part of the teaching faculty who are hired to become educators, namely the inability to understand the material, this main factor is the main factor in the difficulty of learning mathematics, students in the first semester are vulnerable to semesters 1-3 where the learning method is between schools. and different lectures make students in the first semester of mathematics education experience a shock of understanding, students are required not only to gain understanding in lecture classes but also in seminars, presentations and research, this study concludes. But one of the main factors is external where jockeying has a domino effect Mathematics education students must be aware of this so that they do not become students who are dull in thinking, logic and the future. The author states that no matter how smart the student is, if they still use assignment coaching services, they can be said to be suffering from an illness as is another definition of learning difficulties..

The integration of metaverse technology in employee training has the potential to significantly enhance digital skills, collaboration, and overall learning outcomes in virtual workspaces. This study explores the effectiveness of metaverse-based training compared to traditional methods, focusing on participant engagement, learning retention, and practical application in immersive virtual environments. The results indicate that metaverse technology leads to increased participant engagement, offering real-time communication, interactive simulations, and realistic task scenarios that foster deeper involvement and better skill acquisition. Additionally, the immersive nature of metaverse platforms improves learning effectiveness, especially for high-risk tasks such as medical procedures and technical skills that benefit from hands-on experience. However, challenges such as technological barriers, infrastructure limitations, and initial resistance from employees were identified, requiring organizations to provide adequate support and training for smooth adoption. While the upfront costs of developing and maintaining metaverse training platforms are significant, the long-term benefits—such as scalability, reduced need for physical resources, and enhanced training outcomes—outweigh these initial investments. Organizations looking to implement metaverse-based training solutions should carefully consider the required technological infrastructure, support for employees, and privacy concerns. Future research should explore advancements in metaverse technology, including AI integration, and investigate the broader adoption of these technologies across various industries, focusing on overcoming adoption barriers and measuring their long-term impact on workforce development.

This study examines the influence of innovation in early childhood education on improving the professionalism of educators, because early childhood education is a critical stage in child development where educators have an important role in providing quality educational experiences, innovation in the context of early childhood education using technology, new learning methods and teaching strategies provided by educators creatively and also improvements to  The curriculum used because this study involves field research that collects data through interviews, surveys and data analysis through documents because the results of the study show that educational innovations in early childhood education can improve the professionalism of education personnel by using technology and more modern learning methods, education personnel can be more effective in managing the learning environment that occurs in children Early and also look at the cognitive and social development of children and also education staff in collaboration with the parents of each student. And educational innovation also has a good impact on the motivation of education personnel to improve the quality possessed by each education staff through training and also development that can be done by education personnel with the results of this study showing that the rocks given in educational innovation can be carried out. Being an effective way to improve the professionalism of early childhood education personnel which will ultimately contribute to improving the quality of early childhood education as a whole in an era that continues to change and also develop, so we can see that innovation is the first key to improving early childhood education and the professionalism of education personnel involved in early childhood education institutions.  

Digital literacy is the ability to obtain, understand, and use information based on various digital sources. Information and communication technology development was increasing rapidly, and the Republic of Indonesia Constitution number 14 year 2005 demanded professional teachers be able to utilize digital technology and assess the validity of information from digital sources. Gilster said there are four aspects of digital literacy competence: internet searching, guidance of hypertext, evaluation of information content, and knowledge assembly. The researcher focuses on the problem of the digital literacy ability of Islamic education teachers and civil servants in Islamic education learning. The type of this research is field research with descriptive and qualitative approaches, which did not produce statistical analysis procedures or quantification methods. However, the research was analyzed through illustrations, narrative and interpretive words. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results showed that: First, based on the internet searching for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah can search the information on the internet using search engines. Second, the ability to guide hypertext or hypertextual navigation of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah still require a deeper understanding. Third, based on the ability to evaluate the information content of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah, Islamic Education teachers still need to be more critical of the information that they find on the internet. Fourth, the ability to have a knowledge assembly for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah also still needs deeper knowledge and understanding. Fifth, the ways implementation of digital literacy in the learning process of Islamic Education are using a computer laboratory, a laptop, and LCD to convey the information or material from the internet.

This research aims to describe the role of tutors in increasing the reading interest of residents studying the Package B program at the Class II A Correctional Institution in Samarinda. The subject of this research was obtained from the results of data collection in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Data sources in this research include the PKBM chairman, tutors, and students studying at the Class II A Correctional Institution. The research location is on Jl. General Sudirman No. 15, Pasar Pagi Village, Samarinda Kota District. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques in this research use data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Triangulation was carried out to explain the validity of the data using source interviews and techniques. The results of the research show that: The role of tutors in increasing the reading interest of learning residents in the package B equality education program at the Class II A Correctional Institution for Learning Residents has fulfilled its role as seen from how the role of the teaching staff or tutor carries out its 4 roles, namely as informator, facilitator, motivator , and evaluators.

Special education means learning that is specifically designed to meet the unique needs of children with physical disabilities. Special education is a learning program prepared to meet the unique needs of an individual child. Education is a human effort to develop and guide personality in accordance with the values of society or as an effort to help students to increase knowledge and useful behavior patterns. Children with special needs are children who experience limitations or obstacles, whether physically, mentally, intellectually, socially or emotionally, such as: children with autism, hearing impairment, blindness, mental impairment, hearing impairment, physical impairment, etc. Harsya Ceria is a school with segregation services, where there are several children with different special needs. In making observations, the researcher focused on one child with autism, therefore the researcher tried to research this with the aim of finding out the problems of autistic children. There is a Harya cheerful preschool. The problems of children with special needs are of course different and varied, one of which is autism. They have the right to receive education like children in general. The method used in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Researchers collected descriptive data through interviews and observations. The results of this research show that children with autism have a variety of behaviors, therefore autism really needs attention from its caregivers. Harsya Ceria Paud provides good attention and needs to children with autism.

This research aims to determine the teaching competence of Civic Education teachers in terms of their Mood Swing in teaching at Budisatrya Medan High School. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytic approach, by collecting data through interviews with students and teachers, as well as observations in the school environment. The results of the research show that teachers at Budi Satrya High School Medan have quite fluctuating moods. Factors that influence teachers’ mood swings , both internal factors (health conditions, personal problems, and stress levels) and external factors (class conditions, support from the school, and work pressure), have a significant impact on decreasing motivation, creativity, and teacher performance in teaching during the learning process. Changes in a teacher’s mood are influenced by various factors, such as health conditions, personal problems, and dynamics in the classroom. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of knowledge of civic education teachers’ teaching competencies in terms of their mood swings in teaching at school

This research analyzes the potential integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Catholic catechesis for Generation Z through a systematic literature review of 98 articles published between 2015-2024. Using the PRISMA approach and three-level thematic analysis, this study identifies significant transformations in digital catechesis methods, focusing on three main areas: personalization of faith formation, digital contextualization, and AI integration in spiritual assessment. Results show improvements in doctrinal understanding and sacramental participation when AI is appropriately implemented. The digital catechesis integrity and adaptive learning pathways frameworks provide guidance for implementation that balances technological innovation with fidelity to the Magisterium. This study contributes to developing catechesis models that are responsive to Generation Z's needs while maintaining the integrity of Catholic teaching.

This study aims to review various methods and applications of the ethnochemistry approach in chemistry education through a literature review. Ethnochemistry connects chemical concepts with local wisdom and culture, providing deeper contextualization for students. The literature review was conducted by collecting data from various articles relevant to this topic, published between 2018 and 2024. The review results indicate that integrating ethnochemistry into chemistry learning can enhance students' understanding of chemical concepts, scientific skills, creativity, and engagement. This approach also helps preserve traditional chemical knowledge that may otherwise be lost. This study concludes that ethnochemistry is a significant innovation that can improve the quality of chemistry education in a more meaningful and relevant way for students, while also strengthening their cultural identity.

This Community Service aimed to enhance the parents' ability to educate their children to possess self-reliance skills from an early age. The activity considered the importance of self-reliance skills as the foundation for a child's continuous development. A total of 24 parents with early childhood in Rejosari Village, Glagah, Banyuwangi, participated in this program. The method used was education and training conducted interactively, involving active participation from parents and supplemented with direct practice and discussion. The results showed an improvement in parents' knowledge and skills in supporting the development of children's self-reliance skills. Parents became more understanding and skilled in applying self-reliance education methods, as well as identifying and overcoming obstacles that arise in educating their children. This activity also created a learning community among parents, where they could share experiences and strategies for educating children to be more independent. This community service has positively impacted increasing parents' skills and knowledge in supporting the development of self-reliance skills in early childhood.

Education is a basic component that can determine whether a country is progressing or not, which is also closely related to literacy. Where the activities and processes in it are a more detailed part of literacy, one of which is Economic Digital Literacy. The aim of this research is to determine the role of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in increasing Digital Economic Literacy which is categorized as still low. The method used is a literature review whose sources are obtained from the Google Scholar website as well as reputable international journals with publications less than 10 years old. The results of the analysis of various literature reviews show that Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) participates in increasing Economic Digital Literacy. The implementation of TPACK will have a positive impact on the flow of learning with a combination of knowledge, pedagogy, technology. With the combination of knowledge, pedagogy, technology, TPACK's role is able to increase Digital Economic Literacy.

Academic stress has become a worrying problem. Because this academic stress affects the performance in the classroom learning process of students. It is suspected that peer pressure is the cause of academic stress. This study aims to examine the influence of peer pressure on academic stress among students of UIN Walisongo Semarang. Using a survey method with a quantitative approach, data were collected from 200 students through a questionnaire that measured the level of peer pressure and academic stress. The results of statistical analysis using simple linear regression showed that there was no significant influence between peer pressure and academic stress, with a p-value greater than 0.05. This finding suggests that peer pressure is not the main factor influencing academic stress in students of UIN Walisongo Semarang. Discussion of the results of this study reveals that there may be other factors that are more dominant in determining the level of academic stress.

This article explores the importance of synergy between Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers and parents in enhancing the spirituality of Generation Alpha students. This generation lives amidst rapid digital technological advancements that influence how they think, behave, and develop life values. Spiritual formation for Generation Alpha cannot be carried out separately by schools and homes; instead, it must be built through close collaboration between teachers and parents. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods, analyzing various books, academic journals, and relevant data on the role of CRE teachers, parental involvement, and contextual strategies for faith development. The findings indicate that students’ spirituality can be significantly improved through collaborative approaches involving contextual learning, the use of digital media, life modeling, and effective communication between school and family. The article emphasizes that the synergy between CRE teachers and parents is a relevant and essential strategy to nurture Generation Alpha students with strong faith and character in accordance with the teachings of Christ.

This research aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes in flat volume material through the application of the MESSAGE Type Accelerated Learning learning model (Mindset, Entrance, Switch-Ownership, Store, Act, Go-again, Engage) in grade 5 students at SDN Dukuh Kupang V Surabaya . The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The research results showed a significant increase in students' mathematics learning outcomes. In the pre-cycle, the percentage of student learning completion only reached 55%. After implementing the MESSAGE learning model in cycle I, the percentage of student learning completion increased to 70%. In cycle II, the percentage of student learning completeness further increased to 85%. This increase shows that the application of the MESSAGE Type Accelerated Learning learning model is effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes regarding volume of plane shapes in class 5 students. Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the use of the MESSAGE learning model can increase student involvement and facilitate better understanding of concepts, thus having a positive impact on their mathematics learning outcomes. It is recommended for educators to consider using this model as an alternative in teaching mathematics.

This study aims to investigate the effect of learning contract implementation on character education and discipline of grade 5 elementary school students. The learning contract method is used to improve students' independence, responsibility and discipline in the learning process. The research was conducted by applying learning contract in learning in grade 5 elementary school and observing the changes in character education and students' discipline level after the implementation of this method. The results of the study are expected to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of the implementation of learning contract learning method on character education and discipline of grade 5 elementary school students. The implication of this study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective learning methods to improve character education and student discipline at the elementary school level.

This research examines the optimization of brain plasticity in Arabic language learning through a neurolinguistic approach, using a literature review method. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experiences, plays a crucial role in language acquisition. Neurolinguistic approaches, which integrate techniques such as task-based learning and the use of educational technology, have proven effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Literature analysis indicates that learning techniques involving various sensory modalities and educational technology can stimulate new neural pathways, strengthening language comprehension and memory. Studies focused on Arabic language learning highlight that traditional approaches are less effective compared to more interactive and communicative methods. The use of technology such as mobile applications and augmented reality provides a dynamic and engaging learning experience for students. Practical recommendations include developing more interactive curricula, utilizing educational technology, and training educators in neurolinguistic techniques. This research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, providing insights and strategies to optimize language learning through a better understanding of brain plasticity and neurolinguistics.

This research examines the optimization of brain plasticity in Arabic language learning through a neurolinguistic approach, using a literature review method. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experiences, plays a crucial role in language acquisition. Neurolinguistic approaches, which integrate techniques such as task-based learning and the use of educational technology, have proven effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Literature analysis indicates that learning techniques involving various sensory modalities and educational technology can stimulate new neural pathways, strengthening language comprehension and memory. Studies focused on Arabic language learning highlight that traditional approaches are less effective compared to more interactive and communicative methods. The use of technology such as mobile applications and augmented reality provides a dynamic and engaging learning experience for students. Practical recommendations include developing more interactive curricula, utilizing educational technology, and training educators in neurolinguistic techniques. This research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, providing insights and strategies to optimize language learning through a better understanding of brain plasticity and neurolinguistics.

The importance of computational thinking skills has encouraged educational institutions around the world to integrate these concepts into their curricula. However, the challenge faced is finding the most effective learning methods and models to teach these skills. An appropriate learning model must not only be able to attract students' interest and motivation, but must also be able to increase their understanding and practical abilities in computational thinking. This research adopts a literature review method to explore information about effective learning models in improving students' computational thinking skills. Data was collected from various sources such as national and international journals, reference books, newspapers and magazines. The main aim of this literature review, as explained. The results of research on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Project Based Learning show very positive results in improving students' computational thinking. These two models not only improve computational thinking skills, but also critical, creative and analytical thinking skills, as well as student participation and involvement in the learning process.

Mathematics is a fundamental science that underpins many aspects of daily life.  Where mathematics can be used as a method of solving problems that we face in life activities, such as in using information, knowledge and seeing and using relationships between objects. Not only that, the important role of mathematics includes the formation and development of rational, logical, systematic and critical thinking skills. In the study conducted by Putrihapsari and Fauziah (2020), Nazir (2014) defines literature study as a research approach that involves evaluating a multitude of literature studies that are pertinent to the research being conducted. This strategy is employed in research as a preliminary stage to organise the investigation by gathering data from literature in the subject, without the necessity for direct involvement. By using the PjBL model, it is hoped that it can cover 21st century skills so that it can improve the quality of students' mathematical literacy skills. Given that students must collaborate from the outset, the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning paradigm may assist them in developing the skills required to work effectively in groups. In order for students to comprehend the rationale and benefits of the mathematics education they receive in the classroom, this learning paradigm is essential for fostering mathematical literacy.

This research aims to develop project-based learning LKPD teaching materials on packaging design. This research method is the development of the ADDIE model with three stages, namely analysis, design, development. The instrument used is a validation sheet by material experts and media experts. The data obtained was then calculated using the percentage formula which was then described in descriptive sentences. The results showed that the project-based learning LKPD based on packaging design material that had been validated by the material got a percentage value of 84% which was in the feasible category. While the results of validation by media experts received a percentage value of 81% which is in the feasible category. The conclusion of this study is that the feasibility results of developing project-based learning-based LKPD on packaging design material are in the feasible category.