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. Discussion of the basic principles of muamalah in Islam includes learning about the rules that regulate relationships between humans regarding property, rights and obligations. The aim of the basic principles of muamalah is to create justice and benefit in social life. This research aims to review further the basic principles of muamalah in Islam which serve as guidelines for Muslims in carrying out economic and social activities. By applying these principles, it is hoped that a just, prosperous and blessed society can be achieved. This research uses a qualitative approach with the library search method. The descriptive qualitative approach used aims to explore and explain existing phenomena by relying on sources of information from various sources such as books, journals, digital databases and other literature. The main aim of this research is to provide insight that the basic principles of muamalah in Islam do not only limit halal and haram rules in economic activities, but also guide Muslims in building economic interactions that are fair, blessed, and in line with Islamic values.    

The use of learning methods used today is still an obstacle, causing various impacts. Often found is that the material presented uses a simple method in the form of lectures plus teaching materials in the form of printed books or LKS only. Research method with qualitative field. The objectives of this study. 1) To find out the concept of edutainment methods and the spirit of learning. 2) The application of edutainment learning methods in increasing students' enthusiasm for learning in SKI subjects. 3) To find out the analysis of the factors of edutainment learning methods in increasing students' enthusiasm for learning in SKI subjects. The findings show that: 1) The concept of edutainment is a step to unify the way of teaching and learning in a classroom that has a conducive and pleasant atmosphere and the spirit of learning refers to emotions and behavior to achieve learning goals and leads to passion in a learner who shows a form of seriousness and earnestness in learning. 2) The application of edutainment methods in increasing the spirit of learning in SKI subjects is based on the decline in enthusiasm for learning due to boredom and boredom. 3) Analysis of the factors of the edutainment method in increasing the enthusiasm of students learning SKI subjects examines in terms of factors in the individual himself and the beginning of educators in teaching who use simple methods.

The ability of a nation to progress depends on its level of education. The quality of human resources produced is influenced by how good the quality of education is. Therefore, teachers play an important role in ensuring the success of education. Teachers' skills in teaching are key in creating meaningful learning for students. This research is intended to understand the teacher's skills in organizing learning variations, especially in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects at SDIT 1 Daarussalaam Sangatta. The research method used is a qualitative approach of field research type through data collection from observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study highlighted the importance of variations in teaching styles, the use of media and learning tools, as well as communication patterns of interaction with students in order to create a comfortable and conducive learning atmosphere. The findings show that variation in learning plays a key role in motivating learners and teachers have an important role in ensuring such variation through three main components, especially in PAI learning at SDIT 1 Daarussalaam, namely variation in teaching styles that can be used by developing existing learning methods to be more varied and involve more activities for learners, the use of IT-based learning media and tools, and communication patterns of interaction with learners that can be done with many-way communication. Learning variations not only make teaching and learning activities more interesting but also facilitate better understanding for learners in order to achieve the desired learning objectives

This research aims to identify and analyze effective tactics used by teachers in increasing the learning motivation of fifth grade students at Tempel Elementary School. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data was collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The research results show that several effective tactics include: (1) Project-Based Learning Approach which involves students in practical and relevant activities, (2) Use of varied learning media such as educational videos and teaching aids to make lessons more interesting, (3) Providing Constructive Feedback that helps students feel valued and motivated, (4) Creation of a Positive and Supportive Classroom Environment that makes students feel safe to participate, and (5) Use of Interactive Learning Methods such as group discussions and educational games that increase students' active participation. These findings indicate that these strategies effectively increase students' learning motivation, which contributes to increasing their participation, interest and learning outcomes. This research provides practical implications for teachers in developing effective teaching strategies and becomes a reference for developing teacher training programs and educational policies that support the creation of a learning environment that motivates students.    

Basically, each student's learning motivation is different. A safe, comfortable and peaceful madrasah environment will increase student motivation in learning, so that learning goals can be achieved well. In this case, researchers are interested in researching the influence of the Madrasah environment on students' learning motivation at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. The formulation of the problem taken in this research is whether there is an influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir Tulungagung Regency students? Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to determine the influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. This research uses a survey research method with a quantitative research type. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and documentation. The population was 176 and the sample was 36 students taken from 20% of the total population using the Probability Sampling technique. The research results obtained were based on hypothesis testing using Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The values ​​obtained are the Pearson correlation value is 0.833 > 0.3291 and the significance value is 0.000 < 0.05. This means that hypothesis testing shows that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that the madrasa environment influences the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency.

This research aims to analyze the effect of using educational games on learning English vocabulary in pre-school children. The background of this research is based on the importance of learning English from an early age, where vocabulary mastery is a crucial basic component. The research method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 60 pre-school children who were randomly divided into experimental groups and control groups. The experimental group was given vocabulary learning using various educational games, while the control group used conventional methods. Data was collected through vocabulary tests before and after treatment, as well as observations during the learning process. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant increase in mastery of English vocabulary in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings indicate that educational games can be an effective method in improving English vocabulary learning in pre-school children. This research suggests that educators consider the integration of educational games in the English language learning curriculum for early childhood.  

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of using game-based learning methods in improving the mathematical abilities of students at State Elementary School 060944. The research was conducted using an experimental pre-test post-test control group design, involving two classes with a total of 60 students. One class was the control group and received conventional learning, while the other class was the experimental group and received game-based learning. The research results show that game-based learning is effective in improving students mathematical understanding and skills compared to conventional lerning. The practical implication of this research is the importance of integrating interesting and activity-based learning methods in the learning process at State Elementary School 060944 to improve student academic achievement.

Children with special needs are children who have their own individuality in terms of types and characteristics, which distinguish them from normal children in general. Learning difficulties are more related to psychological disorders such as frustration, anxiety, adjustment barriers and emotional disorders, so learning difficulties can be related to psychological factors, especially personality, adjustment disorders and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by students with special needs. The method used is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. The selection of research subjects consisted of one classroom teacher, one GPK teacher, and one student with special needs. The results showed that there were students with special needs who were categorized as slow learners. Students experience difficulties during the learning process such as difficulty recognizing letters and numbers.    

Children with special needs are children who have their own individuality in terms of types and characteristics, which distinguish them from normal children in general. Learning difficulties are more related to psychological disorders such as frustration, anxiety, adjustment barriers and emotional disorders, so learning difficulties can be related to psychological factors, especially personality, adjustment disorders and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the learning difficulties experienced by students with special needs. The method used is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. The selection of research subjects consisted of one classroom teacher, one GPK teacher, and one student with special needs. The results showed that there were students with special needs who were categorized as slow learners. Students experience difficulties during the learning process such as difficulty recognizing letters and numbers.    

The development of technology in the world at this time is very influential and has an impact on education. Therefore, interactive learning media is needed with the aim of attracting the attention of students. The purpose of this research is (1) Producing learning media in the form of board games with three-dimensional material for students 12th Grade SMA Negeri 51 Jakarta. (2) Knowing the effectiveness of learning media for students 12th Grade SMA Negeri 51 Jakarta. The research method used is the model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate). because the research method with the ADDIE model has systematic and specific steps in each stage

This research examines the problem of increasing the understanding and critical thinking abilities of students who use film media with students who use conventional learning methods. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with purposive sampling and the instruments used in this research are written tests and questionnaires. The population of this study was all students of class VIII SMPN 12 Tasikmalaya. The sample for this research was students in class VIII A. The instrument used in this research was a test of students' understanding and critical thinking abilities in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively. The results of the research show: 1) The increase in understanding of students who use film media is better than students who use conventional learning in English lessons in class. 2) The critical thinking of students who use film media is better than the critical thinking of students who use conventional learning in English lessons in class. Based on the research results, film media can improve students' understanding and critical thinking in English lessons. Film media can make modifications and adaptations according to the situation and conditions of the teaching and learning process.

The development of digital technology has changed the educational landscape, including Christian religious education. In the current digital era, students are required to continue to be connected to technology so that it becomes a new approach in Christian religious education. Therefore, this is important to accommodate students' spiritual transformation. This research aims to explore the challenges and opportunities in integrating Christian religious education with digital technology, as well as presenting new approaches that can be used by educators. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature studies. The results of this research will examine new approach methods in learning Christian religious education which include the use of mobile applications, online learning platforms, and the use of multimedia content that is relevant to the context of students' lives. Thus, with this approach, it is hoped that students can be more involved, connected, and inspired in the Christian religious learning experience, resulting in a deeper and more sustainable spiritual transformation in this digital era.

Analyze the soccer shooting skills of fifth grade students at SD Negeri 2 Betung, Betung District. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method in which the researcher conducted a survey using a shooting skills test technique which refers to the assessment instrument in the Learning Implementation Plan which refers to the minimum completeness of learning that has been developed. Based on data from research on soccer shooting skills in class V students at SD Negeri 2 Betung, Betung sub-district, totaling 31 children consisting of 17 girls and 14 boys. Based on the research results, it can be analyzed that the soccer shooting skills of class V students at SD Negeri 2 Betung, Betung District are in the category "Very poor at 0%, less at 22.6% (7 people), quite at 58.0% (18 people) , good 16.1% (5 people) and very 3.20% (1 person). From the average score for soccer shooting skills for class V students at SD Negeri 2 Betung, Betung sub-district, it is 50.8 and of course this score is very far below the KKM or has not yet completed the learning achievements with the description of the score being "sufficient" and still needs guidance

The purpose of this research is to delve deeper into the issues faced by teachers in implementing inclusive schooling at UPTD SDN Gunungsekar 2 Sampang. The researcher employs a qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews, observations, and documentation, which are then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The findings of this study reveal several challenges encountered by teachers in inclusive education, including lack of parental knowledge, difficulty for students in grasping the material, and limited variation in the use of teaching methods and media. Efforts undertaken by the school to address these challenges include conducting enjoyable learning processes using various methods and media, involving students with special needs in all learning activities, providing additional time for these students, and offering guidance or seminars to both special education teachers and regular classroom teachers.

Christian religious education has experienced a significant shift along with technological advances in contemporary society. This research will discuss the integration of technology in the context of Christian religious education by highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise from this paradigm shift. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature review. The results of this research will explore how technology is used to expand traditional boundaries in Christian religious learning through wider access, greater interactivity, and deeper learning experiences for students. In addition, it outlines the integration of appropriate technology, contextual, situational, relevant and dynamic Christian religious education in meeting the spirituality and morality needs of students in this digital era.

This study examines the types and factors of reading difficulties in children at MIS Kertajaya II Mangunjaya, as well as evaluating the application of Problem-Based Learning Strategies (SPBM) implemented by classroom teachers. This qualitative research used observation, interview and documentation methods to collect data. The results showed that 8 students experienced reading difficulties, with various types of difficulties such as difficulty seeing long distances, low memory, difficulty spelling and pronouncing letters, and lack of letter recognition. Teachers at MIS Kertajaya II Mangunjaya implemented SPBM with the method of showing animated videos, using everyday problems, letter card media, and remedial programs to overcome students' reading difficulties. SPBM proved effective with the support of adequate infrastructure, but was hampered by unconducive classroom conditions. This study also identified the types and factors of reading difficulties at MIS Kertajaya II Mangunjaya and evaluated the effectiveness of SPBM in overcoming them. The implementation of SPBM proved to be beneficial, but needs adjustments to maximize its effectiveness.

Students who are intelligent and have good character start from the educational process carried out at school. Character education is very important to shape the personality of students so that they have good character in their lives. Character education is integrated in all subjects, especially in music art subjects. Students are expected to have a strong character through music art learning media. The problem in this study is how to implement character education through music art learning. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of character education through music art learning. The benefits of this research consist of theoretical and practical benefits, especially for art education practitioners in schools. This study uses qualitative research methods. The research objective is on the implementation of character education in music art learning. The data collection technique was carried out using observation techniques, interviews and documentation studies. The data validity technique uses data triangulation. The data analysis technique uses qualitative data analysis. The result of this study is that the instillation of the values of Cultural Education and Character of the Nation developed in the learning process of music art is not carried out separately, but these values are incorporated into the learning steps. In practice, the steps to learn music arts based on national character education are contained in certain slogans embraced by the school. The suggestion in this study is that teachers or those responsible for the selection process of regional songs and national songs in music ensemble learning should pay attention to the selection of songs so that they are easier to understand and the cultivation of character education can be achieved properly.    

This research evaluates the effectiveness of using Animaker-based animation learning media to enhance the understanding of eighth-grade students in Islamic Education at SMP Al-Madina Wonosobo. The study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. Findings indicate that the use of Animaker significantly improves students' understanding, as evidenced by notable improvements between pretests and posttests, supported by statistical analyses. Recommendations include school leadership support in fostering a conducive learning environment, teachers' enhanced creativity in selecting appropriate teaching models, and active student engagement in the learning process. The research aims to provide practical guidance for educators to improve Animaker-based Islamic Education teaching methods at SMP Al-Madina Wonosobo and contribute to the development of more effective teaching methodologies overall.  

This study to explore the application of scientific methods in German language learning with the theme "Unterwegs". The research was conducted in the context of a Micro Learning course involving 34 students. By implementing 11 indicators of the scientific approach and five main steps, namely observation/observation, asking questions, gathering information, association/information gathering and communication. This research shows that the scientific method can improve learning quality and student engagement. The results confirm that the scientific approach applied flexibly and creatively is not only effective but can also deepen students' understanding of the material. The findings provide important insights for the development of more effective and engaging language teaching methods.

The implementation of positive discipline in schools plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and behavior. At MTs Ciwedus, disciplinary issues often arise due to the ineffectiveness of the methods used by educators. This study aims to identify and analyze the effectiveness of implementing positive discipline on students' behavior at MTs Ciwedus. This research employs a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study were students and educators at MTs Ciwedus. The results show that the implementation of positive discipline can reduce negative student behaviors and enhance a conducive learning environment. Educators who apply positive discipline tend to be more successful in building good relationships with students, thus creating a more effective learning environment. The implementation of positive discipline at MTs Ciwedus has proven to be effective in addressing disciplinary issues and improving students' positive behavior. It is recommended that the school continues to implement and develop this method to achieve more optimal results.