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Social media has become an alternative space for emotional expression among university students, particularly as a medium for sharing personal problems or emotional distress. This study aims to examine the effect of social media use as a venting platform on the mental health of students at STAIN Mandailing Natal. A quantitative associative research design was employed, involving 25 fifth-semester students as respondents. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire measuring the intensity of social media venting behavior and mental health indicators, including stress, anxiety, mood, and self-confidence. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including correlation and simple linear regression. The findings indicate that social media use as a place for venting has a significant relationship with students’ mental health. Positive responses received through social media tend to improve emotional well-being, while negative responses may increase stress and anxiety levels. These findings suggest that social media can function both as a supportive and risky environment for students’ mental health, depending on how it is used. Therefore, students are encouraged to use social media wisely, and educational institutions are advised to provide mental health literacy and guidance related to healthy social media use.

Poverty remains a multidimensional crisis requiring holistic interventions that integrate spiritual and economic dimensions. This study aims to analyze forms of spiritual support in pastoral counseling for the poor and identify mechanisms through which such support contributes to the sustainability of economic empowerment programs. Using a qualitative approach with systematic literature review, data were collected from academic journals, theological texts, and previous research published between 2006-2025, analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings reveal five integrated forms of spiritual support: spiritual-theological support for restoring meaning and hope, transformative psychosocial accompaniment integrating counseling techniques with faith values, communal empowerment based on Christian values creating sustainable support ecosystems, practical life skills guidance and economic capacity development, and advocacy facilitating access to structural resources. These forms contribute to sustainability through five mechanisms: mindset transformation from helplessness to self-agency, strengthening resilience and adaptive capacity, forming social networks and social capital, integrating Christian values in work ethics, and establishing continuous mentoring systems with participatory evaluation. This study confirms that spiritual support is an essential element determining the long-term success of economic empowerment programs for the poor.

The shift in economic structure from a reliance on traditional agriculture to modern industrialization has yielded various competitive advantages for a region. The presence of leading sectors at the local level is a strong indicator of increased added value and high productivity, fueled by a healthy competitive climate among business actors. This phenomenon is closely related to the characteristics of the industrial sector, which possesses very strong forward and backward linkages, making it a primary driver of national economic growth. Progress in the manufacturing sector is not merely a measure of economic success but also serves as a driver of fiscal stability through massive employment absorption and increased foreign exchange earnings. Industrial growth is considered highly strategic because it holds significant potential for future expansion through technological innovation and production efficiency. This condition makes industrial cluster development an instrument for driving sustainable economic growth in Indonesia, while simultaneously strengthening the competitiveness of local products in the global market through the integration of a more organized production system.

Dropshipping is essentially a buying and selling process between a seller and a buyer using the internet. Dropshipping is a product sale that allows dropshippers to sell goods to customers using photos from suppliers or stores and then sell them to customers at a price determined by the dropshipper. The questions to be answered through this research are: a) How does the buying and selling process work using a dropship system? b) How does the buying and selling process work using a dropship system from a sharia economic perspective. The method used in this research includes descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data used are primary and secondary data obtained from verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith, books and journals, articles, and mass media, both print and electronic, related to the focus of the problem being studied in this research. The data analysis technique used in this research is the Miles and Huberman analysis model, using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the Samsarah contract is a solution to dropship transactions. The original law is permissible or permissible if carried out in accordance with Islamic provisions.

Cryptocurrency has become a rapidly developing digital asset class that attracts widespread investor interest due to its decentralized, anonymous, and highly volatile nature. Such volatility creates uncertainty in market movements, making it important to understand the factors that drive fluctuations in returns. This research aims to examine how fundamental indicators namely price, trading volume, and market capitalization affect return volatility, as well as to determine which cryptocurrency demonstrates the highest market efficiency based on risk assessment. The study uses panel data covering the five largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, USD Coin, and Binance Coin) over the period 2019–2023. The analytical methods applied include panel data regression to identify the determinants of volatility and Value at Risk (VaR) to measure asset risk and efficiency. The findings show that price and trading volume positively and significantly increase return volatility, whereas market capitalization exerts a negative and significant effect, indicating its stabilizing role. Based on VaR analysis, Binance Coin (BNB) emerges as the asset with the highest market efficiency. The study concludes that fundamental indicators play a crucial role in shaping volatility and that BNB offers relatively better risk performance compared to its peers.

Interreligious dialogue in contemporary plural societies faces serious challenges, particularly due to differences in the use and interpretation of religious language, which is often understood in a monolithic and decontextualized manner. Religious language is frequently reduced to doctrinal propositions debated through logical arguments, thereby neglecting the form of life from which it emerges. This study aims to analyze the transformation of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s thought from the picture theory presented in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to the concept of language games developed in Philosophical Investigations, as well as its implications for understanding religious language and contemporary interreligious dialogue. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method through philosophical-conceptual analysis of Wittgenstein’s major works and relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that the concept of language games allows religious language to be understood as a social practice with internal rules and contextual meanings, rather than as metaphysical propositions subject to empirical-logical verification. In the context of interreligious dialogue, this approach helps explain differences in the meanings of religious terms such as “salvation” or “God” without treating them as absolute logical contradictions. By viewing religious language as part of language games rooted in distinct forms of life, interreligious dialogue can be directed toward mutual understanding and respect for diversity rather than the pursuit of theological uniformity.

Local coffee micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok Regency, have significant development potential; however, they still face challenges related to marketing practices and limited value addition. Conventional marketing systems restrict market reach and reduce product competitiveness. In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital marketing offers a strategic opportunity for MSMEs to enhance product promotion and sales performance. This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of local coffee MSMEs through the implementation of social media–based digital marketing strategies. A participatory approach was employed, actively involving MSME actors and students through stages of problem identification, program planning, training and hands-on digital marketing practices, and evaluation. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in utilizing social media as a promotional tool, as reflected by the initiative to develop and publish promotional video content for local coffee products, including the flagship Versilia coffee variant. The use of visual content and storytelling facilitated the practical adoption of digital marketing strategies. Overall, this program contributed to shifting marketing behavior from conventional to digital approaches and strengthening the sustainable competitiveness of local coffee MSMEs.

Youth and youth ministry plays a strategic role in shaping the faith, character, and spiritual maturity of the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the spiritual needs, struggles, and relevant Christian Religious Education (PAK) strategies for youth at GBI Pondok Daud. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with instructors, facility observations, and documentation during worship services. The results indicate that youth are highly enthusiastic about attending worship services and are actively involved in various ministry sectors, such as music, multimedia, and ushering. However, they face several struggles, including academic pressure, the influence of social media, and instability in personal spiritual discipline. Primary spiritual needs include Christian character development, a deeper understanding of God's Word, a supportive community, and consistent spiritual guidance. The implemented PAK strategies, such as creative worship, small group discussions, mentoring, and the use of digital media, have proven effective in addressing the needs of youth. This study concludes that GBI Pondok Daud's youth ministry has been successful, but still needs to strengthen discipleship, improve spiritual discipline, and develop experiential learning activities.

Advances in in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology have expanded the scope of reproductive interventions, from simply addressing infertility to enabling genetic selection of embryos through preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). This advancement not only enables the detection and prevention of severe genetic diseases, but also opens up opportunities for the selection of non-medical traits such as intelligence potential, physical characteristics, or specific polygenic scores, giving rise to the phenomenon of “designer babies.” This development presents complex bioethical issues related to human dignity, social justice, biological safety, and the right of children to have an open future. This paper aims to analyze the ethical issues of selecting non-medical characteristics of embryos in modern IVF through a literature review using a biomedical ethics framework, including the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The findings show that the application of technology for non-medical purposes is still fraught with scientific risks, biological uncertainties, the potential for commercialization of humans, and the threat of socio-biological inequality. This analysis emphasizes the need to restrict the use of technology to clear medical indications, increase regulation and governance, and involve the public in policy formulation. Thus, advances in reproductive technology must be accompanied by strict ethical considerations so as not to sacrifice individual dignity and the value of justice in society.

The development of thematic teaching materials at the elementary school level requires a deep understanding of students’ learning needs to ensure that the presented material is relevant, contextual, and capable of improving learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the learning needs of elementary school students as a basis for developing effective thematic teaching materials. Literature related to learning needs, teaching material design, integrated thematic approaches, and the characteristics of students’ cognitive development were analyzed comprehensively. The results of the study indicate that students’ learning needs include contextual material, concrete visualizations, collaborative activities, and varied learning media. Challenges include limitations of teachers in conducting needs analysis, suboptimal utilization of technology, and the suitability of material to the local context. This article provides strategic recommendations for designing student-needs-based thematic teaching materials that are adaptive, engaging, and competency-oriented.

Rice is a staple food for nearly two-thirds of the world's population, including Indonesians. Rice generally has a high glycemic index (GI) and cannot be consumed by diabetics.  Pratanak rice has a low GI, so it is recommended for diabetics. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of parboiled rice on the amount of LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria), pH, and SCFA (Short-Chain Fatty Acids) of diabetic experimental animals. The research method consisted of 6 groups of rats with groups 1 (Cr and Mg fortified parboiled rice), 2 (Cr, Mg and cinnamon fortified parboiled rice), 3 (nonfortified parboiled rice), 4 (ciherang rice), 5 (standard feed for healthy rats), 6 (diabetic rats). All groups of rats were adapted for 3 days with standard feed and treatment for 14 days. LAB, pH, and SCFA were analyzed, statistical tests using One Way Anova if significantly different, followed by DMRT test. Giving chromium, magnesium, and cinnamon fortified rice gave a significant difference in the amount of LAB, pH, and SCFA feces between the treatment group and the control group. Thus, pre-cooked rice fortified with Cr, Mg, and cinnamon has the potential to be a healthier food option for individuals with diabetes.

Wheat has limited nutritional content, therefore fortification with other ingredients is required to complement these nutrients, one of which is fortification with pineapple peel flour and chicken bones in noodle products. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the impact of adding chicken bone and pineapple peel flours on the characteristics of wheat flour noodles, with the goal of developing a product enriched in fiber and minerals, and exhibiting acceptable sensory qualities. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 experimental factors, namely pineapple peel flour concentration (0%,3%,5%) and chicken bone flour concentration (0%,5%,10%) with triplicate replication. Based on the optimal treatment by Zeleny method, sample N1T3 emerged as the most favorable formulation. This sample exhibited the following chemical profile: a moisture content of 8.77%, an ash content of 4.52%, a protein content of 14.45%, a fat content of 1.52%, and a fiber content of 0.4%. Furthermore, sensory evaluation of Sample C yielded scores of 3.11 for color, 3.11 for aroma, 3.00 for taste, 2.89 for texture, and 2.89 for overall acceptance.

Adolescent girls' adherence to taking iron tablets is still lacking, iron intake is very important to prevent anemia. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas, the coverage rate of iron tablets is 76.2%, but the awareness of adolescent girls of the importance of preventing anemia by consuming iron tablets is still low. One way to increase compliance with taking blood supplement tablets is by utilizing peer group education. This study aims to determine the effect of peer group education in an effort to increase adherence to taking blood tablets for adolescent girls. This is a quantitative pre-experimental study using One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population was all students of class XI SMAN 1 Godean. Simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 58 female students. Education time was 40 minutes with peer educators in each group. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test with the results of compliance with iron tablet consumption before education in adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Godean in the category of non-compliant as many as 51 people (87.9%) and compliant as many as 7 people (12.1%), compliance with iron tablet consumption after education has increased in the category of compliant as many as 16 people (27.6%) and non-compliant as many as 42 people (72.4%). In the Wilcoxon Test, the results obtained p = 0.013, therefore it was concluded that there was an effect of peer group education on increasing compliance with blood supplementation tablet consumption in adolescent girls of SMA Negeri 1 Godean.

Engine performance is a critical parameter in automotive engineering as it directly affects power output, torque characteristics, and overall vehicle efficiency. One of the components that significantly influences engine performance is the exhaust system, which regulates exhaust gas flow and back pressure. This study aims to experimentally analyze the effect of replacing a standard exhaust system with an aftermarket exhaust system on the performance of a 2NR-VE engine. The research employed an experimental method using a comparative design with two testing conditions: a factory-standard exhaust system and an aftermarket exhaust system. Engine performance testing was conducted using a dynamometer (dyno test) to measure horsepower and torque across various engine speed ranges (RPM). Each testing condition was performed repeatedly, and the resulting data were averaged to reduce measurement errors and minimize the influence of operational fluctuations. The experimental results indicate that the aftermarket exhaust system significantly improves engine performance. The maximum power increased from 82.5 HP to 91.6 HP, while the maximum torque rose from 131.2 Nm to 154.4 Nm. These improvements suggest that the aftermarket exhaust configuration effectively reduces exhaust back pressure and enhances exhaust gas flow efficiency. Therefore, replacing the exhaust system can be considered an effective approach to improving engine performance, provided that the modification is technically appropriate and complies with applicable emission and noise regulations.

Mining of rocks, particularly andesite, in East OKU Regency provides significant economic contributions but generates environmental impacts that require rehabilitation through reclamation and post-mining management. This study aims to evaluate the compliance level of Production Operation Mining Business License (IUP OP) holders with these obligations and to identify challenges in their implementation. A descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach was employed, with primary data collected through interviews and field observations related to reclamation and post-mining plans, as well as the placement of guarantees. Secondary data included IUP licensing documents, legislation, and guidance letters from the Energy and Mineral Resources Office of South Sumatra Province. Quantitative analysis categorized compliance levels, while qualitative analysis examined challenges and guidance strategies. The results indicate variations in IUP OP holders’ compliance; some have prepared documentation and placed guarantees, but delays and lack of continuity were observed. Major challenges include profit-oriented approaches, limited technical and environmental understanding, and limited permit duration. Guidance strategies, supervision, guarantee management, provision of technical experts, and community empowerment proved essential. These findings have implications for enhancing compliance, sustainable post-mining planning, and responsible mining practices.

One of the most profitable horticultural crops, but it spoils quickly due to its high water content. Processing chili peppers with a disc mill into chili powder is a great way to increase the added value of the product while extending its shelf life. The purpose of this study was to determine how the blade rotation speed and amount of material affected the production time of chili powder in an FFC15 Disc Mill. The blade rotation speed varied between 2100 rpm and 3500 rpm, and the amount of material varied between 5% and 500 g. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis to determine the effect of each component and their relationship with each other. The results showed that the blade rotation speed and the amount of material had a significant effect on the production time of chili powder. However, the relationship between these two factors did not have a significant effect. The best operating conditions were achieved with 500 grams of material and a speed of 3500 rpm, which resulted in the fastest production time of 4.367 minutes.

Breast cancer is a type of disease affecting the supporting tissue in the breast. In Indonesia, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Early detection of breast cancer is very important to be done as soon as possible through SADARI behavior because if an abnormality in the breast is detected early, clinical examination can be conducted promptly. Research objective: to identify the factors associated with SADARI behavior among female adolescents at SMAN 1 Tekarang. Research method: This study is quantitative with an analytical approach using a cross-sectional time approach. The study was conducted at SMAN 1 Tekarang from April 5, 2025, to May 21, 2025. The study population consisted of 217 female students at SMAN 1 Tekarang, while the sampling technique used was accidental sampling, resulting in 187 samples. The variables studied were the dependent variable of SADARI behavior and independent variables of attitude, health literacy, information exposure, and family health history with breast cancer. Data collection using a questionnaire. Analysis using the Chi Square test. The results of the analysis showed no relationship between attitudes (ρ value 0.073) and health lateracy (ρ value 0.959) with SADARI behavior, while there was a relationship between information exposure (ρ value 0.000) and family health history of breast cancer (ρ value 0.000) with SADARI behavior. Conclusion: There is a statistical relationship between information exposure and family health history with BSE behavior.  

The establishment of the age limit for children up to 18 years in Indonesian law is a normative instrument that aims to ensure legal certainty and child protection. This provision is adopted in various laws and regulations as a form of the state's commitment to fulfilling children's rights. However, in law enforcement practice, the application of this age limit often causes problems when faced with the dynamics of actual cases that reveal a discrepancy between the normative age and the social, psychological, and factual conditions of the child. This condition creates tension between the legal-formal approach that emphasizes legal certainty and the need for substantive justice oriented towards the best interests of the child. This study aims to analyze the problems of applying the age limit of 18 years in the context of actual cases and to examine how the tension between legal certainty and the reality of children is reflected in law enforcement practices in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, as well as normative qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the rigid application of the age limit for children has the potential to ignore the contextual aspects of children and give rise to inconsistencies in practice. Therefore, a more contextual legal approach is needed through strengthening the discretion of law enforcement officials and progressive interpretation by judges in order to achieve substantive justice and optimal protection for children.

Narcotics are a frightening scourge on society. Drug use is a pathological behavior that is harmful both to the individual and to society. The widespread use of drugs in Indonesia prompted the government to issue Law No. 35 of 2009 on narcotics, which includes provisions for the rehabilitation of individuals who abuse drugs. Rehabilitation is an effort to enable a person to function normally without addiction to addictive substances. One of the institutions that carries out rehabilitation related to addictive substances is the Sahabat Sehat Rekan Sebaya Jakarta Foundation. This foundation uses art therapy as a rehabilitation method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the art therapy process as a rehabilitation effort at the foundation. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, document reviews, and observations using purposive sampling as the informant selection technique. The results of this study show that the rehabilitation process begins with assessment, detoxification, and art therapy, both primary and re-entry, as well as aftercare or monitoring. The results show that rehabilitation using the art therapy method has successfully restored the physical, psychological, and social conditions of former drug users. They are physically fit, not easily tired, and able to control their sleeping hours. Psychologically, they are not anxious and are able to express themselves and their feelings through art, and socially, they began to reconnect with people they had previously cut off due to feelings of shame and lack of confidence.

Globalization and the penetration of digital culture have accelerated the homogenization of values, which has weakened the cultural identity and social character of the younger generation. This condition places local wisdom as a source of values that not only needs to be preserved but also systematically transformed in education. This article offers a critical analysis of the integration of local wisdom in character education as a mechanism for social transformation. Using a structured literature review approach, this study analyzes the concept of local wisdom, the role of teachers as agents of cultural preservation, the challenges of implementation in the context of modern education, and strategic models for integrating local values into the curriculum and school culture. The findings show that local values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), tepa selira (harmony), Tri Hita Karana (harmony between humans, nature, and the divine), Silih Asah Asih Asuh (mutual encouragement, love, and care), ABS-SBK (mutual respect, honesty, and integrity), and various traditional philosophies of the archipelago have proven effective in strengthening students' social character, enhancing social cohesion, and strengthening national identity. However, obstacles such as the dominance of global culture, low cultural literacy among teachers, and weak national curriculum support are significant hindrances. This article proposes a three-layer integrative model of contextual curriculum, culture-based pedagogy, and participatory school culture as a strategy for transforming social values that are adaptive to the challenges of the digital age. The conclusion emphasizes that character education based on local wisdom is not only an instrument for cultural preservation but also a strategic framework for building social resilience and national identity amid rapid global change.