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This study aims to examine the development of Islam during the Umayyad Dynasty as one of the important periods in the history of Islamic civilization. The main focus of the discussion is directed at the process of the emergence of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as the first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty and his efforts to establish dynastic power after the Islamic Civil War (Fitnah Kubra). The Umayyad Dynasty played a strategic role in the transformation of the Islamic government system from an elective caliphate to a hereditary monarchy, while simultaneously expanding the territory of Islam to various regions. This study uses a literature review method with a historiographic approach, namely examining and analyzing relevant classical and modern historical sources. The results show that during the Umayyad Dynasty, Islam experienced significant developments in the aspects of politics, government administration, military, and culture. However, internal political dynamics, conflicts over the legitimacy of power, and dissatisfaction of certain groups also contributed to weakening the stability of the dynasty. This study also describes the process of decline of the Umayyad Dynasty until its eventual collapse and replacement by the Abbasid Dynasty.

This research was conducted based on the importance of the image of educational institutions in gaining public trust, making the role of Public Relations (PR) as a public communication manager highly essential. MTs Fathur Rahman Sukorambi Jember was chosen as the research site because the institution is currently striving to enhance its positive image through the optimization of media and sustainable publicity strategies. The aim of this study is to describe the role of PR in building the image of the madrasah, as well as to analyze the communication strategies employed, the forms of publicity implemented, and the challenges faced in its execution.This research applies a qualitative approach with a field research design. Informants were selected through purposive sampling, involving parties considered relevant and knowledgeable about public relations activities, such as the head of the madrasah, PR staff, teachers, students, and parents’ representatives. Data were collected through observations of madrasah activities, in-depth interviews, and documentation in the form of archives and published media. The data were analyzed descriptively, emphasizing the researcher’s interpretation of communication patterns, publicity strategies, and their impact on public perception of the madrasah’s image.The findings reveal that PR functions as a communicator, mediator, and builder of a positive madrasah image. The use of conventional media and digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp Groups has proven effective in reaching a wider community and enhancing public interaction. Documentation of academic and non-academic activities also strengthens the legitimacy of the institution’s achievements. The main obstacles encountered include limited human resources, technological facilities, and consistency in information management. Nevertheless, overall, the role of PR has been proven significant in improving the positive image of MTs Fathur Rahman Sukorambi Jember.

In this Community Service Program (KKN) activity, the main goal is to strengthen social solidarity among the residents through the celebration of Indonesia’s Independence Day in Penagan Ratu Village. Social solidarity is one of the key factors in maintaining harmony and togetherness within the community. However, in today’s modern era, the spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance tends to decline due to individualism and people’s busy daily routines. Therefore, the Independence Day celebration serves as a strategic moment to revive the sense of brotherhood, unity, and social awareness among the villagers. This program was carried out with the active participation of all community members, including village officials, youth organizations (karang taruna), women’s groups, children, and teenagers. Various activities were conducted such as community clean-up (kerja bakti), traditional games, art performances, and a local MSME (UMKM) bazaar. The implementation method was participatory, emphasizing the active involvement of the community in every stage. The results of the program showed a high level of community participation, stronger social bonds, and an increase in the spirit of mutual cooperation. Moreover, the event brought a positive impact through the empowerment of local MSMEs. Thus, the Independence Day celebration was not merely ceremonial, but also served as an effective medium to strengthen social solidarity, fostering a more cohesive, respectful, and socially aware community in Penagan Ratu Village.

This community service activity aims to enhance the creativity of UIN Palangka Raya students by producing functional herbal tea bags using cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The activity was implemented using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing active student participation in all stages of the production process. Participants, third-semester students of the Biology Education Study Program, were introduced to the health benefits of both herbs and were encouraged to practice drying ingredients, weighing formulations, and packaging the products. The results of the activity indicated that students gained a comprehensive understanding of the bioactive compounds in cat's whiskers and lemongrass, proper processing techniques to maintain ingredient quality, and the ideal formulation for making herbal tea bags. Students were also able to produce safe, hygienic, and functional tea bags. This activity has proven effective in enhancing students' knowledge, skills, creativity, and ability to develop innovative products based on local natural ingredients.

This study aims to describe the community empowerment strategy implemented by Lazis Nurul Falah in supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ketintang, Surabaya. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data were collected directly during the distribution of business capital assistance and mentoring of beneficiaries. The results show that the empowerment program focused on improving economic independence through financial aid, business equipment, and moral support from volunteers. Although conducted modestly, the program had a significant impact on beneficiaries’ confidence and motivation to continue their businesses. It also strengthened social and Islamic values such as ta‘āwun (mutual help) and built harmonious relations between the institution, volunteers, and the community. The study concludes that empowerment based on collaboration and social proximity can create positive change and serve as an effective model to promote community economic independence.

This study aims to analyze the content and substance of the Fourth Hadith in Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah, explore the Islamic educational values contained within it, and examine its relevance to contemporary Islamic religious education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an examination of primary and secondary literature related to the hadith and Islamic educational concepts. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to reveal both textual and contextual meanings.The findings show that the Fourth Hadith provides an explanation of the gradual process of human creation, the decree of divine destiny encompassing sustenance, lifespan, deeds, and a person’s final fate, as well as an emphasis on the importance of righteous actions in determining one’s end. The hadith encapsulates holistic educational values, including divine values such as belief in destiny, reliance on God (tawakkul), patience, and spiritual awareness; and humanistic values such as moral responsibility, self-control, self-awareness, and consistency in worship and good deeds. These values remain highly relevant for character building in modern learners, especially in facing moral, spiritual, and social challenges.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Fourth Hadith of Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah plays a significant role in strengthening contemporary Islamic education, particularly in shaping character grounded in sound creed, noble ethics, and strong mental resilience. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators, educational institutions, and society in developing more integrative and applicable educational practices.

This study examines the role of teachers as influencers in 21st-century education, particularly in developing students’ intelligence and character through the use of digital media and technology. The digital transformation requires teachers to serve not only as transmitters of knowledge but also as public figures capable of providing positive influence through digital behavior and communication. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers perform their roles as educational influencers and how this impacts students’ intellectual and character development. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing scientific sources such as books, articles, journals, and relevant research reports. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to identify patterns, ideas, and strategies used by teachers in integrating character values and digital literacy. The findings indicate that teachers with strong digital competence and personal integrity are able to create positive influence through educational content, digital role modeling, and ethical communication. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital literacy, educational policy support, and continuous professional training to create a digital learning ecosystem that is character-based, adaptive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

The current practice of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in schools still faces the challenge of the dominance of conventional methods that tend to be teacher-centered, so that the aspect of internalization of values by students is often not optimal . This article aims to describe the characteristics and conceptual relationships between the Social Interaction and Personal learning models in the context of PAI, while also examining the relationship between the two models with constructivist and humanistic learning theories . Through a literature study, the analysis shows that the Social Interaction model based on constructivist theory emphasizes the construction of knowledge through group dynamics, collaboration, and social interaction . Meanwhile, the Personal model based on humanistic theory is oriented towards the development of individual potential, self-awareness, and spiritual reflection . The results of the study conclude that the integration of these two models offers a holistic learning approach, where students not only understand PAI material cognitively, but are also able to actualize religious values through real social experiences and deep personal appreciation .

This study aims to describe the application of StiFIn the results in student management at Nuris Junior High School (SMP) Jember. The StiFIn test is used by the school to identify students’ dominant intelligence as a basis for managerial decision-making. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that StiFIn is utilized in several key aspects, namely recruitment strategies, student placement and grouping, student service development, and achievement evaluations and coaching. The application of StiFIn test results helps the school  understand the character and natural potensial of each student so that educational services can be provided more appropriately and personally. Overall, the us of StiFin has been proven to support the effectiveness of student management and improve the quality of learningand student development at Nuris Juniar High School Jember.

Character formation is a fundamental component of Islamic education, particularly in responding to the growing challenges of moral decline and the weakening of students’ manners in contemporary learning environments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the classical text Risalat Adab Suluk al-Murid in shaping student character through the integration of seven good habits at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah Cianjur. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to explore how the values of adab are internalized and reflected in students’ daily behavior. The findings indicate that the learning of this classical text strengthens students’ discipline, respect toward teachers, sense of responsibility, and enthusiasm for learning. The internalization process occurs not only during classroom activities but also through daily routines such as morning habits, worship practices, time management, and social interactions within the school environment. The seven good habits function as a practical framework that reinforces the application of sufistic values taught in the text, allowing students to translate moral teachings into consistent actions. Teachers play a crucial role as role models who guide, demonstrate, and cultivate these values through continuous supervision and exemplary conduct. The study concludes that classical Islamic text-based learning offers an effective strategy for enhancing student character within modern Islamic educational settings. The implications highlight the need for schools to strengthen adab-centered curricula, cultivate ethical school culture, and promote collaboration among teachers, institutions, and families to ensure sustainable character development.

The global ecological crisis has shifted from being merely a technical issue to a moral-spiritual crisis rooted in an anthropocentric view. This study analyzes the role of eco-theology in Islamic education as the foundation for shaping environmental awareness from a divine perspective. Using qualitative methods with an in-depth literature review approach, this study examines the integration of the values of tawhid, khalifah, and amanah in the framework of the Islamic education curriculum. The findings reveal that Islamic eco-theology offers a transformative paradigm through theological reconstruction that positions nature conservation as a manifestation of worship and religious responsibility. Its implementation through innovative learning strategies such as project-based learning in the “Green Qur'anic School” model and contextual approaches has proven effective in shaping the ecological character of students. The implications of this research encourage the development of a holistic Islamic education model that systematically integrates ecological values through an integrated curriculum, practical habits, and character assessment, thereby producing a generation of Muslims who consistently practice environmental sustainability as a manifestation of divine trust in their daily lives.

This study was motivated by the need for madrasahs to adapt to technological developments, particularly in document management, which was previously done manually. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of administration in digital archive management at MTsN 3 Jember, identify the obstacles that arose, and explain the efforts made to overcome these obstacles. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that administration played an important role as the main manager of digital documents through the use of applications such as SIMPEG, TTE, and SAKTI, as well as the use of cloud-based storage to maintain the security and ease of access to archives. The obstacles faced include the limited digital capabilities of employees, technical disruptions to applications, and suboptimal technological infrastructure. However, various efforts have been made, including performing regular backups, improving the organization of digital documents, and enhancing staff capabilities through independent learning. This study confirms that the success of digital archive management requires synergy between human resource readiness, technological support, and managerial policies that support the transformation of madrasah administration.

The implications of progressivism in learning serve as an essential foundation for building an educational process that fosters active, creative, adaptive, and innovative students in accordance with 21st-century competency demands. The progressive approach positions students at the center of the learning process through direct experience, deep exploration, collaboration, dialogue, experimentation, and problem-solving relevant to real-life contexts, ensuring that learning is not only focused on content mastery but also on the development of potential, character, independence, and higher-order thinking skills. This study employs a literature review method by examining primary and secondary sources on the principles of progressivism, active learning strategies, and their relation to the Merdeka Curriculum as a foundation for national educational transformation. The findings indicate that progressivism plays a significant role in shaping critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, digital literacy, and initiative through the implementation of learning by doing, project-based learning, simulations, scientific experiments, reflective discussions, and technology integration that strengthens learner autonomy. This experience-based approach effectively supports students in constructing knowledge independently while enhancing confidence, responsibility, social awareness, and cooperative skills. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as passive learning culture, limited teacher competence in active methods, insufficient facilities, overloaded curriculum, psychosocial barriers, academic anxiety, and students’ low confidence in expressing opinions. These findings affirm that progressivism is highly relevant to educational reform in Indonesia; therefore, improving teacher competence, strengthening facilities, reinforcing policies, providing continuous support, and creating safe, democratic, inclusive, and supportive learning environments are essential to help students develop optimally as independent, creative, and innovative learners.

Difficulty reading and writing is still a fundamental problem for some elementary school students, even though these two abilities are an important foundation in understanding various subjects. In the context of madrasah ibtidaiyah education, teachers play a strategic role in helping students overcome literacy barriers in order to be able to achieve basic competencies optimally. This study aims to describe the efforts of teachers in overcoming reading and writing difficulties experienced by three 5th grade students at MIN 1 Gresik. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The research subjects included grade 5 teachers and three students who experienced literacy barriers. The results of the study showed that teachers carried out various strategies, including adding special tutoring hours outside of regular learning, providing gradual exercises according to students' abilities, and utilizing visual media and educational games to increase learning motivation. Teachers also apply an individualized approach so that students are more focused and confident. In addition, parental involvement is optimized through intensive communication so that reading and writing exercises can continue at home. The obstacles faced include time constraints, differences in basic abilities, and low student concentration. Nevertheless, the perseverance and creativity of teachers have proven to be able to drive significant progress in the development of students' basic literacy.

Axiology is a branch of philosophy that examines values ​​in human life, such as goodness, truth, beauty, and the benefits of knowledge. In the context of Islamic education, axiology plays a crucial role in determining the direction and goals of education, namely, to develop individuals who are balanced intellectually, morally, and spiritually, known as insan kamil (the perfect human being). Values ​​in axiology are divided into two primary sources: divine values ​​derived from God's revelation and His attributes, and human values ​​derived from human experience and civilization. These two types of values ​​serve as the foundation for developing a comprehensive Islamic education. The axiology of Islamic education emphasizes not only the attainment of knowledge but also the formation of character and morals in students. Teachers and educational institutions act as agents of values, instilling ethics, aesthetics, and socio-political awareness based on Islamic teachings. By integrating these values, Islamic education aims to produce a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent but also possesses noble morals and is capable of making a positive contribution to society and global civilization. Axiology, therefore, serves as a crucial foundation for realizing a meaningful and humanity-oriented education.

In recent decades, the concept of healing has developed rapidly, no longer limited to the medical and psychological fields, but also includes spiritual and religious aspects. In the Islamic view, the Qur'an contains the concept of healing through the term syifa', which means healing or medicine for illnesses, both physical and spiritual. This study aims to formulate an understanding of healing in the perspective of the Qur'an by studying verses containing the word syifa', such as QS. Yunus: 57, An-Nahl: 69, and Ash-Syu'ara: 80. The method used is qualitative research based on literature studies by examining various classical and modern interpretations to understand the meaning, context, and values ​​contained therein. The results of the study show that although healing and syifa' are both related to the healing process, they have different foundations. Healing emphasizes more on psychological processes and human experiences, while syifa' is rooted in the teachings of monotheism and describes God as al-Shāfī. The Healer. In the Qur'an, healing does not only mean freedom from physical illness, but also includes inner peace and spiritual closeness to God. Classical interpretations focus more on moral and spiritual aspects, while contemporary interpretations develop these concepts into psychospiritual healing concepts relevant to modern life.

Social media has become an integral part of adolescent life, including that of junior high school students. While it offers benefits in terms of communication and access to information, social media also brings negative impacts on students’ ethical development, such as impolite behavior, the spread of hoaxes, and cyberbullying. This study aims to describe the strategies implemented by SMP Negeri 05 Kota Bengkulu in addressing the negative effects of social media on student ethics. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that the school implements five main strategies: (1) internal policies such as prohibiting the use of mobile phones during class hours, (2) integration of character education into the curriculum, (3) implementation of digital literacy programs, (4) collaboration with parents in monitoring social media use at home, and (5) positive utilization of social media for publishing student work and promoting digital ethics campaigns. These strategies have proven effective in shaping responsible digital behavior and reinforcing students’ ethical values. These findings align with previous studies that emphasize the importance of character education, digital literacy , and school–parent collaboration in fostering students’ digital ethics. Through an educational and preventive approach, school strategies can serve as an effective solution in addressing ethical challenges in the digital era.

The development of digital technology has significantly transformed Islamic education, particularly in the growing discourse on gender equality within digital public spaces. Social media has become a new arena where diverse gender narratives—from progressive to conservative—compete for public attention, requiring a more systematic response from Islamic education. This study aims to describe the foundational concepts of gender in Islamic education, analyze how social media shapes gender perceptions among Muslim communities, and formulate effective educational strategies for responding to these challenges in the digital era. Using a library research design with a descriptive qualitative approach, this study applies thematic content analysis to synthesize relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that Islamic education holds strong potential to promote gender justice through theological, pedagogical, and digital literacy approaches. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, including biased interpretations, the spread of misinformation, and the dominance of patriarchal narratives in online spaces. The study’s implications highlight the need for curriculum reform grounded in gender equality, teacher capacity development, strengthened Islamic digital literacy, and collaborative efforts among educators, scholars, and digital communities to build a more inclusive and moderate digital da'wah environment. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing adaptive Islamic educational strategies that respond effectively to gender dynamics in the cyber era.

The development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes to various aspects of human life, including marriage practices. The implementation of marriage contracts conducted through online media such as video calls or digital conferencing platforms has emerged as a modern phenomenon. This development has sparked legal debates in Islam regarding its validity, particularly concerning the fulfillment of essential conditions and pillars of marriage, such as ittihād al-majlis (unity of the session) and the sighat ijab qabul (offer and acceptance). The purpose of this article is to examine the validity of virtual mge contracts from the perspective of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali). This study employs a qualitative research methodology using a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that the Shafi'i School does not permit virtual marriage contracts due to the absence of physical unity in place. In contrast, the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali Schools allow virtual marriage contracts, emphasizing unity in time and clarity in the sighat. Therefore, according to several schools of Islamic jurisprudence, virtual marriage contracts may be considered valid as long as the required conditions of marriage are fulfilled, including the presence of witnesses and the clarity of the ijab qabul.

This study examines the role of Islamic Education (PAI) teachers in fostering religious moderation and tolerance among students in response to growing challenges related to diversity in educational settings. The objective of this research is to describe the pedagogical strategies and instructional methods employed by PAI teachers, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that shape the effectiveness of promoting moderate and tolerant attitudes. Utilizing a qualitative literature review approach, this study conducts a critical analysis of relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that PAI teachers play a pivotal role in cultivating moderate and tolerant behavior through learning approaches that emphasize dialogical engagement, value internalization, and strengthened understanding of diversity. Supporting factors include an inclusive school culture and teachers’ professional awareness of the importance of religious moderation. Conversely, inhibiting factors encompass limited pedagogical resources and the influence of external extremist ideologies. Overall, the study underscores the strategic position of PAI teachers in developing a harmonious and diversity-oriented educational environment.