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Maintenance and industrial relations are two crucial aspects in human resource management that are interrelated and play an important role in maintaining the continuity and success of the organization. Effective maintenance not only maintains the quality of employee performance but also contributes to the creation of harmonious industrial relations. Good industrial relations, in turn, create a conducive work environment, increase productivity, and reduce the potential for conflict in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to dig deeper into the understanding of maintenance and industrial relations. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through a review of several journals that have been searched, which are related to the importance of maintenance and industrial relations. From the data that has been successfully collected, maintenance of industrial relations in the entire process of human resource management focuses on the belief that good and harmonious relations between employers and workers in the organization are very important to be fostered and maintained for the benefit of all parties involved. Failure to maintain harmonious relations can cause losses for many parties, especially employers and workers involved. Effective maintenance and good industrial relations play an important role in the success and survival of the company. Therefore, maintenance is a vital element in today's business world and needs to be managed properly.

This paper theologically examines the concept of salvation in Arminian theology, a system of thought developed by Jacobus Arminius in response to the doctrines of Calvinism, especially regarding predestination and saving grace. Through a literature study, this research explores the main tenets of Arminianism such as freedom of the will, conditional election, universal redemption, the resistibility of grace, and the possibility of losing salvation. Arminian theology views salvation as the result of cooperation between God's grace and human response, where grace is universally given but can be resisted by human free will. It also emphasizes that salvation is not a static status, but rather a dynamic relationship that requires perseverance in faith. This research shows that Arminianism not only provides a systematic soteriological framework, but is also relevant in the context of contemporary Christian faith life. By emphasizing God's inclusive love and human responsibility in responding to salvation, Arminianism provides an important contribution to contemporary theological discourse as well as a balanced faith appreciation between divine sovereignty and human freedom.  

Sleep is a basic need for every human being. Every human being needs adequate sleep in order to obtain a healthy and good body. Poor sleep quality is one of the causes of many medical ailments and has a strong relationship between physical, psychological and sleep health. According to several studies on sleep quality, a person's sleep quality is influenced by several factors such as physical activity, stress and emotion, surfing the internet, watching television and having other habits such as drinking alcohol, smoking and fast food. The student group is a group that has a fairly solid activity. Students can experience disturbances in the circadian cycle due to increased pressure from the academic environment so that groups of students do not have enough sleep. Some of the stressors from Medical Faculty students include busy class schedules, piled up assignments, anxiety before exams that affect the sleep quality of the Medical Faculty students. To determine the relationship between physical activity and emotional stress on decreased sleep quality in students of the Faculty of Medicine, UMSU class 2018. This study used an analytical descriptive method with a cross sectional design. The data was processed using the SPSS Chi-Square test in June 2022 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra. Based on the results of the analysis, the demographic characteristics of the average age of respondents were 22 (range 22-24) years and 97 (74%) of respondents were women, the frequency of poor sleep quality was the highest (79.4%), the frequency of light physical activity as much as (55%) and the frequency of moderate emotional stress (84%). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors that influence the decrease in sleep quality were emotional stress with p value = 0.001. Physical activity statistically did not affect the decrease in sleep quality with p value = 0.993. There is a significant relationship between emotional stress and decreased sleep quality in students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra, Class of 2018.

The values of Islamic education are the development of the human mind and the arrangement of behavior and emotions based on Islamic teachings. Thus, Islamic education's values will provide humans with happiness, welfare and human safety both in this world and in the afterlife. According to the Islam viewpoint, everyone must prepare themselves as well as possible to build a relationship based on love and noble values. Physical, mental, and economic preparedness is required; in this situation, in terms of the educational features inherent in Islamic teachings, the objective is to build a secure, pleasant, and tranquil home environment.

Every human being inherently has the hope of living a normal and prosperous life, both physically and psychologically. However, in reality, not all individuals are born with complete physical abilities. Some are born with physical disabilities that limit their ability to perform daily activities. This condition often gives rise to various challenges, especially in the social sphere, as faced by individuals with physical disabilities (tuna daksa). This study aims to examine the relationship between self-esteem and social support with the psychological well-being of persons with physical disabilities in West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The population consisted of 37 individuals with physical disabilities, and the total sampling technique was employed. Data collection was conducted using three psychological scales: the psychological well-being scale, the self-esteem scale, and the social support scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that self-esteem and social support simultaneously had a significant relationship with psychological well-being. Partially, both self-esteem and social support were also found to have significant relationships with psychological well-being. This indicates that psychological well-being in individuals with physical disabilities is influenced by internal factors such as self-esteem, as well as external factors such as social support. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the development of appropriate psychological and social interventions to improve the quality of life of persons with physical disabilities.

The Child Protection Law affirms that the state guarantees children's rights to “protection from violence” as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This paper examines child abuse within the framework of Indonesian positive law using a normative approach and legal philosophy (positivism). The focus of the analysis is to what extent legal norms (such as the Child Protection Law, the Criminal Code, the Domestic Violence Law, etc.) align with the values of justice and children's human rights. A normative approach is used to analyze the laws and legal literature, while the philosophical approach, particularly the positivist ideas of Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart, is employed to understand the relationship between legal norms and the concept of justice. The analysis reveals that although child protection regulations exist, their implementation on the ground tends to be legalistic, often neglecting humanitarian and justice elements. This study emphasizes the need for alignment between legal norms and substantive justice and the protection of children's human rights. The implication of this research is the need for a legal policy that is more responsive to children's rights and justice.

Education plays a crucial role in shaping superior human resources, where learning motivation is the main factor in students' academic achievement. One of the external factors that contribute to learning motivation is family social support. This study aims to analyze the effect of family social support on the learning motivation of grade IX students at SMPN 5 Tangerang. A quantitative approach was used in this study with a survey method by distributing questionnaires to randomly selected respondents. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression to test the relationship between the independent variables, namely family social support, and the dependent variable, namely student learning motivation. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between family social support and student learning motivation. The most dominant forms of support in increasing learning motivation include emotional, financial, instrumental, and reward support. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of family involvement in the education process in order to increase student learning motivation. With optimal support from the family, students are expected to have a higher enthusiasm for learning and achieve better academic achievement.

Marriage is a social institution that plays an important role in human life. Marriage is not just a union of two individuals, but also a long-term commitment that involves emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. In marriage, husband and wife are expected to build a harmonious, mutually supportive, and loving life together. However, in reality, not all marriages run smoothly without obstacles. Many couples experience various challenges, such as personality differences, communication problems, economic disparities, conflicts in childcare, to disputes regarding values ​​and life principles. If not handled properly, conflict in marriage can cause disharmony, stress, and even divorce. Family counseling is present as one solution to help couples understand and overcome various problems that arise in marriage. Family counseling aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of marriage, teach conflict resolution strategies, and help couples build healthier and more harmonious relationships. In family counseling, couples are taught how to communicate better, understand each other's emotional needs, and find fair and wise solutions to resolve existing differences. In addition, counseling also helps couples to increase mutual trust, strengthen commitment, and create a family environment full of support and love.

Constitusionalism, as a fundamental principle upholding the rule of law and the recognition of fundamental rights of citizens, holds crucial relevance in the formation of laws in Indonesia. The primary objective of constitusionalism in this context is to ensure the alignment of statutory regulations with the noble values enshrined in the 1945 Constitusion of the Replubic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The legislative process in Indonesia, which is based on the principles of democracy, justice, and respect for human roghts, necessitates contitutionalism as a mtehodological guideline. This research employs a qualitative research method with a literature study apporoach. Through an indepth analysis of various legal and theoretical sources, this study explores how constitutionalism influences the formation of laws, including ensuring the absence of substantive and procedural contradictions with the UUD 1945. Furthermore, this research examines the role of conctitutionakism in regulating the relations between state institutions in the legislative process, strengthening the function of the Constitutional Court in judical review and limiting the potential for abuse of power. Consequently, this research argues that the relevence of constitutionalism the quality of the resulting laws, as well as their implications for the justice and welfare of all Indonesian people.

A discussion on Islamic morality and ethics is the purpose of this paper. We see many modern generations paying little attention to how to apply morality in their daily lives. Morals and ethics are human behaviours in daily life that have been instilled. Morals come from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and include what is good, bad, right, and wrong in one's actions. Meanwhile, ethics come from the culture and customs of the local community. In this paper, the author discusses the meaning of morals and ethics, human relationships with God, humans, and nature. Protest is a legitimate form of expression in a democratic society. In Islam, protest is also recognised as the right of everyone to voice injustice and bias. However, protests must also be carried out with ethics that are in accordance with Islamic teachings. The ethics of protest can be explained in the hadith, namely: Protests must be carried out peacefully and not violate the law. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, "Whoever sees an evil should change it with his hand. If he is unable, then with his tongue. If he is unable, then with his heart. And that is the weakest faith." (HR Muslim). In this Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches that protests should be done in stages, starting with the lightest action, namely giving a direct response. If you are unable to do so, then you can protest verbally, for example by expressing your opinion or criticism through the media. If that is no longer possible, then protest can be done in the heart, i.e. still rejecting evil, but not taking actions that can lead to violence or riots. Protest must be based on truth and justice. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saw), "Indeed, Allah is true and loves truth." (Narrated by Bukhari) In this hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) affirms that protest must be based on truth and justice. This means that protest must be done because of real injustice, not because of personal or group interests.

Climate change is a global challenge that affects various aspects of life, including economic development. The concept of green budgeting has emerged as an important strategy to ensure the efficiency of public spending while supporting sustainable development in Indonesia. This research analyzes the potential of green budgeting to enhance the efficiency of environmental budget management, focusing on public fiscal policies that align with sustainability. By implementing mechanisms such as climate-based budgeting (CBT), the government can increase the budget for programs aimed at mitigating and adapting to the impacts of climate change, but also faces structural challenges such as a lack of human resources and the absence of a comprehensive oversight system. This study adopts a qualitative approach to identify the relationship between public expenditure efficiency and the implementation of green budgeting in development policy, using literature review methods. Research results show that the distribution of green budgets in the state budget (APBN) is still limited, indicating a potential inefficiency in fund allocation. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance institutional capacity, integrate monitoring systems, and commit to implementing fiscal policies that consider the environment by both the central and local governments.    

In this article, we discuss protection the rights of citizens in democratic countries from a constitutional point of view and human rights (HAM). The constitution, as the highest legal document of a country, contains the basic principles governing the relationship between the state and its citizens, including in terms of human rights protection. By analyzing the framework of Indonesian law, including the Constitution that was adopted in 1945 and various international human rights instruments. The constitution of Indonesia, especially in Article 28A-28J. However, the implementation of these rights still faces various complex challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies, social inequalities, as well as other political, economic and social factors. It is hoped that this article can make a positive contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens can be guaranteed and protected properly. Normative juridical research method applied in this article includes analysis of legal rules related to human rights protection, including constitutional laws, government regulations, a court decision. With the application of this research method, this article is expected to make a significant contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens are guaranteed and protected effectively.

This study aims to analyze the lexical and contextual meanings in the lyrics of the song “Mangu” by Fourtwnty Ft. Charita Utami. This song was chosen because it contains emotional, symbolic, and reflective messages that reflect inner turmoil and value conflicts in human relationships. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with semantic analysis techniques. Data was obtained from the song lyrics and analyzed through the stages of identifying lexical meaning based on the literal meaning of the words, and contextual meaning based on the situation and context of their use. The results of the study indicate that the lyrics of “Mangu” contain various forms of lexical meaning such as synonyms, antonyms, collocations, polysemy, and idioms, as well as contextual meaning reflecting spiritual conflict, differences in principles, and the search for identity. This song symbolically represents the social conditions often experienced by individuals in personal and existential relationships. These findings enrich the study of semantics in popular literary works and can be implemented in Indonesian language learning as contextual and meaningful teaching materials.

Dengue Fever is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to humans. In Susunan Baru Health Center, the number of dengue cases increased by 55% in 2024.  Mosquito nest eradication (PSN) with 3M Plus combination, fogging, and community service can reduce the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes and reduce Dengue Fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 3M plus behavior and Dengue Fever in Susunan Baru Health Center, Bandar Lampung City. This method is quantitative research, case control study. The sample was 128 samples, 64 case respondents and 64 control respondents (1:1). Case samples were taken with total sampling technique, control samples were taken with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted with chi-square test (α)=0.05. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between closing water reservoirs (p value = 0.000), draining water reservoirs (p value = 0.003), recycling used goods (p value = 0.000), changing flower vase water (p value = 0.000) and sprinkling larvicide powder (p value = 0.036) with the incidence of Dengue Fever in the Susunan Baru Health Center Working Area, Tanjung Karang Barat Subdistrict, Bandar Lampung City. Keywords: Aedes, DBD, Dengue Fever, PSN, 3 M Plus.

It is very important for the principal to overcome teacher indiscipline by implementing effective management. This will be the basis for achieving educational goals. This field research is a form of qualitative descriptive taking the object of the principal's managerial competence in improving teacher discipline, located at SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo, conducted in March 2025 - June 2025 in semester 2 (two) of the 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of the study included the principal, the curriculum vice principal, and several educators and education personnel. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the principal of SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo has implemented the five main functions of management, careful planning, effective organizing, clear notification, motivating direction, and comprehensive supervision. The principal's technical, human, and conceptual expertise play an important role in supporting the improvement of teacher discipline. The implementation of punishment is more prominent and felt directly compared to rewards, the effectiveness of punishment in encouraging minimal discipline, but not yet optimal for long-term behavioral changes, the relationship between leadership communication and clarity of reward-punishment criteria affects teacher acceptance. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more broadly the dominant and effective punishment system to encourage minimal teacher discipline through direct sanctions for the sake of more specific precision of findings.

Building effective leadership in schools is key to creating a productive and harmonious educational environment. A managerial psychology approach can provide in-depth insight into effective ways of leading, by considering psychological aspects that influence individual behavior and performance in school organizations. This approach focuses on understanding the psychological characteristics of leaders and team members, managing emotions, and effective communication in building mutually supportive relationships. In an educational context, managerial psychology can help school leaders to manage team dynamics, increase motivation, and create a positive work climate. Therefore, it is hoped that the application of managerial psychology principles in leadership in schools can produce more effective school management, both in the aspects of teaching, management and human resource development.  

Digital transformation has become a central driver in reforming public services in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of government expenditure in supporting this transition remains a critical issue. This study aims to examine the extent to which public spending contributes to the improvement of digital public service quality, efficiency, and accessibility. Using a quantitative approach with a descriptive-explanatory design, data were collected from ten regional governments through documentation and surveys. The results show a positive correlation between government spending on digitalization and service performance, although this relationship is also influenced by factors such as infrastructure readiness, human resource capacity, public participation, and inter-agency coordination. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable budgeting and measurable monitoring in managing digital fiscal policies. The study recommends an integrated strategy combining fiscal planning, bureaucratic capacity-building, and public digital literacy to ensure inclusive and impactful digital service transformation.

This research examines how Pancasila and Islamic Religious Education function as foundational value systems in shaping civil law relations and promoting private justice, analyzed through the lens of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence. Within Indonesia’s pluralistic yet religious societal framework, civil law extends beyond formal legal provisions and reflects the living moral, social, and religious norms embedded in the community. This study adopts a normative juridical method, complemented by conceptual and sociological approaches, and is supported by an extensive review of legal literature and scholarly discourse. The study reveals that Pancasila encapsulates essential principles, including justice, human dignity, and social equilibrium, which resonate with the ethical foundations of Islamic teachings. At the same time, Islamic Religious Education contributes significantly to cultivating legal consciousness and moral responsibility among individuals, thereby encouraging a model of private justice that transcends rigid legal formalism and emphasizes societal welfare (maslahah). From the standpoint of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence, civil law should operate as a dynamic instrument that adapts to social realities while incorporating prevailing Islamic values. In conclusion, embedding the values of Pancasila and Islamic Religious Education within civil law frameworks enhances both the legitimacy and the substantive quality of justice. This research offers a conceptual contribution toward developing a civil law system that is more responsive, equitable, and aligned with Indonesia’s socio-cultural and religious context.

Islamic Religious Education (IRE) plays a strategic role in shaping students’ religious character, especially in a modern era filled with moral and spiritual challenges. IRE is not merely about delivering theoretical religious knowledge but is more focused on instilling Islamic values into students' daily lives. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education in shaping the religious character of senior high school students in Tarakan City by exploring its contribution to developing students’ personalities rooted in faith, noble character, and social responsibility. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review methods, with data collected from books, academic journals, and other relevant documents. The findings reveal that IRE plays a significant role in nurturing religious character, reflected in values such as honesty, discipline, tolerance, responsibility, worship obedience, and harmonious relationships between humans and God, fellow beings, and the environment. However, the effectiveness of IRE is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include student motivation and awareness, while external factors encompass teacher competence, curriculum design, family involvement, social environment, and the use of information technology. IRE teachers are expected not only to be knowledge transmitters but also to serve as moral and spiritual role models. A contextual and applicable curriculum is essential to address the needs of today’s learners. Furthermore, active student participation in extracurricular religious activities significantly contributes to the development of religious character. Cases of juvenile delinquency, deviant behaviors, and the lack of application of religious values outside classroom settings indicate the need for stronger and more comprehensive IRE practices. This study recommends strengthening the role of IRE teachers, developing responsive curricula aligned with contemporary needs, and enhancing collaboration between schools and families to optimize the formation of morally upright and religiously aware young generations.

In today’s rapidly changing global context, employee motivation has emerged as a strategic issue in human resource management, particularly in sustaining organizational productivity and competitiveness. Developments such as digitalization, economic uncertainty, and workplace transformation have prompted companies to focus more deeply on effective motivational approaches. Recognizing the role of motivation in influencing employee retention, productivity, and operational efficiency, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to map key concepts and empirical trends regarding the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study examines major drivers including leadership, compensation, and work-life balance. Findings reveal paradoxes in motivational strategy effectiveness across sectors and highlight research gaps, particularly in cross-industry approaches and integrative synthesis. This study provides valuable contributions for academics and practitioners in designing evidence-based, context-relevant motivation strategies aligned with the dynamics of modern organizations.