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This study aims to determine the description of happiness of pre-marital couples who have engaged in sexual activity. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, where researchers collect data through interviews with subjects. The subjects in this study are 21-year-old students who have a dating relationship and have engaged in sexual activity with their partners. The subjects of this study amounted to 3 people. The data analysis technique used in this study is through the process of transcribing interviews, reducing data, presenting data, then summarizing the data collected from the research subjects.The results illustrate that the three subjects have different results. The first subject felt that his happiness decreased after sexual activity and the feelings he felt more often were anxiety and fear. The second subject felt his happiness increased and could become closer to his partner after engaging in sexual activity. While the third subject did not feel any difference to his happiness because he did not really consider that sexual activity was the only thing that triggered his happiness. Even so, all three subjects stated that sexual activity can affect the happiness that arises in a dating relationship.

The purpose of this research is: 1) to know the level of Batak students' adaptability at Yogyakarta, 2) given the ability to adapt any off-optimal (low) Batak students that could be suggested as a topic of guidance. It's addressed to Batak students at Yogyakarta. 112 Batak students. The gauge we use is the scale of adaptability. Variable data gathering is adaptable variables. Valid items have 34 of the 50 items. Valid item score: 0.938. Research found: 1) the Batak college's social adaptability level is high. This was demonstrated from the total of subjects filling out the 112 respondents who answered the questionnaires there are 16 (14%) students with very high adaptive capabilities, 53 (47%) with high-adapted abilities, 38 (34%) students with moderate adaptation capabilities, 5 (4%) of respondents with low adaptive capabilities and no category identified as very low. 2) got an item from a low adaptability variable. From the item proposed on guidance topic: "a strategy to build better relationships through empathy."

This activity aims to determine whether the implementation of restorative justice is effective in resolving criminal cases of abuse in the North Gorontalo Resort Police and to find out what obstacle factors cause the implementation of restorative justice in the North Gorontalo Resort Police to be ineffective. The type of research used is legal research. empirical. The research results show that (1) the ineffectiveness of the implementation of restorative justice in resolving cases of criminal abuse at the North Gorontalo Police Department. (2) The limited number of investigators has an impact on performance in implementing restorative justice, apart from that, remote location is also an inhibiting factor because it takes time and money.

Dandruff is one of the problems that cause a lack of confidence. The triggering microorganism is Candida albicans. The innovation in the skin of red dragon fruit has the potential as an antibacterial and antifungal because it contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. This study aims to find out at what concentration the anti-dandruff activity on the growth of Candida albicans fungus in the formulation of dragon fruit peel extract shampoo preparation (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This research method is an experimental research using the disc paper diffusion method which consists of making dragon fruit peel extract with the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The extract is formulated in shampoo with concentrations of 20.40 and 80%. The results of this study were in the organoleptis test in the form of a viscous liquid, soft sticky texture, brown and menthol flavor. pH test 6.13, 6.71, 6.39, 5.49. Test the height of the foam 5.8cm, 6.0cm, 6.5cm, 10.3cm. Viscosity test 500 Cp, 612 Cp, 635 Cp, 624 Cp. Homogeneity test is homogeneous. Anti-dandruff shampoo activity test of kontro (+), control (-), concentration of 20%, 40%, 80% with an average of 21.95 mm, 0.00 mm, 22.9 mm, 26.07 mm, 28.52 mm. The conclusion of this study is that the formulation of dragon fruit peel extract shampoo (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has provided an inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans fungus with the strongest inhibitory concentration produced in formulation III with a concentration of 80% of 28.52 mm.    

This study aims to analyze the monetary indicator variables on the stability of goods and services prices before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data used are secondary data obtained from the publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The analytical method employed is the Error Correction Model (ECM) to examine the short-term and long-term relationships between monetary variables (money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation) and price stability. The results indicate that before the Covid-19 pandemic, the variables of money supply and exchange rate had a significant effect on price stability, while the interest rate had no significant effect. Meanwhile, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest rate and inflation significantly affected price stability, whereas the money supply and exchange rate were not significant. These findings suggest that monetary dynamics before and during the Covid-19 pandemic differed in their influence on the stability of goods and services prices.

The condition of existing pavement layers in Sidenreng Rappang Regency is generally damaged before reaching the planned age. This study aims to evaluate volumetric marshall on aggregate performance in pavement mixtures and physical properties of aggregates. Experimental methods at the Road and Asphalt Laboratory of Muhammadiyah University of Parepare based on 2018 Bina Marga general specifications. The results of the research with volumetric marshall analysis the maximum stability value of 5.5% was 1469.78 kg and the minimum 4.5% was 1175.82 kg. The maximum VMA value of 6.5% was 16.21% and the minimum 4.5% was 14.25%. The maximum VIM value of 4.5% was 5.54% and the minimum of 6.5% was 3.13%. The maximum VFB value of 6.5% was 80.73% and the minimum of 4.5% was 61.13%. The maximum flow value of 5.5% was 3.67 mm and the minimum of 6% was 3.41 mm. The maximum marshall quotient value of 5.5% was 413.64 kg/mm and the minimum of 4.5% was 323.80 kg/mm. In stability, flow, marshall quotient and VMA have met the 2018 Bina Marga General specifications at asphalt levels of 4.5%, 5.0%, 5, 5%, 6%, and 6.5%. While the VIM and VFA values do not meet the specifications at 4.5% asphalt content. This shows that material quality affects the physical properties of aggregates in the performance of pavement mixtures.

This study aims to determine the influence of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Current Ratio (CR) and the exchange rate partially towards the stock prices of transportation and logistics sector companies registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023. This study used quantitative research method. The population in this study was transportation and logistics sector companies registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample used was 27 companies using the total sampling method. The analysis tool used is the analysis tool multiple linear regression analysis tested using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The results of the research conducted indicated that partially, variables namely ROA, ROE, DER and CR, do not have a significant influence towards the stock prices of transportation companies registered in the IDX in 2021-2023, while the exchange rate variable have a significant influence towards the stock prices of transportation companies registered in the IDX in 2021-2023. It is recommended that the companies can increase its value with effective steps to increase company profits.  

The implementation of the Village Financial System in Gunungsari village has been very effective, this can be seen from the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget through Siskeudes which is more easily accessible because of the complete features available in the application. As in Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 concerning villages, namely Planning, Implementation, Administration, Reporting, Accountability, reporting process. The type of research used is qualitative research. Data was obtained by conducting direct interviews, observation and documentation in Gunungsari village by obtaining primary data through interviews with resource persons and secondary data obtained from existing documentation in Gunungsari village, village history, general description and financial reports. The research results show that the implementation of the village financial system plays an important role in the efficiency and transparency of the use of village funds. This system requires strict procedures in financial management, including better reporting and accountability.

PT Shoes Bata Tbk is a company engaged in the manufacture of leather shoes, canvas shoes, casual and sports shoes, injection/slop sandals and industrial footwear safety mats. Financial performance is a description of the financial condition of a company which is analyzed using financial analysis tools, usually the measure used is the ratio. Research conducted by the author to analyze the financial performance of PT Shoes Bata Tbk based on profitability ratios and activity ratios. The profitability ratio can be measured by Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, and Return on Investment. Where Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin are ratios that measure the company's ability to earn profits on sales, Return on Investment is a ratio that measures the company's ability to use all assets owned to generate profits after tax. The activity ratio can be measured by Receivable Turnover, which is a ratio that measures the company's ability to quickly manage the level of accounts receivable turnover. Inventory Turnover is a ratio that shows how quickly inventory turns over in sales activities. And Total Asset Turnover is a ratio that measures a company's ability to create sales using all the assets it owns. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the financial performance of PT SEPATU BATA Tbk during 2016-2021 based on the two ratios. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach method. The data source used is secondary data in the form of profit/loss financial report data and balance sheet reports. The results of this research indicate that the financial performance of PT Shoes Bata Tbk for the 2016-2021 period based on GPM is considered very good because the company was able to reduce the cost of goods sold, resulting in high sales and high gross profit. NPM is considered not good because the net profit generated is less with quite high sales. ROI is considered very poor because the high total assets are not commensurate with the net profit generated. RT is considered very good because it increases every year. IT is considered very poor due to the decrease in cost of goods sold and increase in average inventory each year. TAT is considered quite good because the company is able to manage its assets well. Financial performance as measured by the profitability ratio and activity ratio can be said to be less efficient, because the components of the profitability ratio and activity ratio are still low and do not reach good company standards.

Nowadays, business development is increasingly complex and competitive, therefore companies must improve their performance. In an effort to improve company performance, the accounting information system (AIS) and internal control system (SPI) are very influential, because good implementation of SIA will make the tasks carried out by all employees easier. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effect of implementing AIS and SPI on the performance of the XYZ Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP) case study company. The data used is primary data, this data was obtained through distributing questionnaires. The population and sample in this study were all KSP XYZ employees, namely 33 people spread across four branch offices. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS Version 29 test tool. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results show that partially SIA and SPI have no effect on company performance and, simultaneously, SIA and SPI have an effect on company performance.

Evaluate the steps taken to create animated video-based teaching materials for procedural text, create an animated videos based teaching material for procedure text, and assess whether animation-based procedural texts are worthy of use in class VII in Muhammadiyah 03 Fields. This research is a developmental research with Borg and Gall designs. Data collection techniques implemented are structured interviews and rackets that will be given to students, teachers and experts. Descriptive analysis is the data analysis technique used in this research. The results of this study show that the results of validation by material experts, media experts, Indonesian language teachers, and student evaluation of the materials developed indicate that the materials are in the category of "Very Worthy". The validation results of the qualification can be described as follows: 88% of the evaluation results are very good, 2% of the media results are good, 91% of the lesson outcome is good, and 93% of the student or student participant's credibility is good.

This research aims to: (1) describe the process of developing teaching materials for negotiation text materials assisted by the Anyflip application for class Mada Medan. The research and development model used is ADDIE with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The instruments used were interviews, as well as material validation questionnaires, design validation, and responses from Indonesian language study teachers. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive analysis techniques (Likert scale). The results of the research and development carried out are teaching material products for negotiation text materials assisted by the Anyflip application with good average assessment results.

This research aims to describe assertive illocutionary speech acts in podcasts with Sherly Annavita on the YouTube channel inicom. The data collection methods and techniques used in this research are the listening method and the skillful free-involved listening technique. The data analysis methods and techniques used in this research are the matching method and the technique of selecting determining elements. The presentation of the analysis results in this research uses informal techniques. The results of this research show that the most dominant type of assertive speech act is speech stating a number of 10 data; Next, the speech explaining, the speech informing, and the speech giving an opinion each contain 6 data.

The purpose of this research is to describe the marginalization of women in the novel "Nyutrayu" by Joko Gesang Santoso. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. The presentation technique of the research results uses the note-taking technique. The results show various forms of women's marginalization such as women becoming victims of patriarchal power where men hold more authority, the belief that women should not surpass men, being ostracized due to physical differences such as having blue eyes which creates the perception that blue-eyed individuals are foreigners and not indigenous, the attitude of demeaning women leading to their social exclusion, and the impoverishment causing women to lose their belongings. Female characters experiencing marginalization in the novel "Nyutrayu" include Aran, Sumi, and Lara, which can be seen through their behavior, dialogues, portrayal through other characters, thoughts, and dialogues among characters. These characters experience marginalization, leading them to choose a life of silence, gouging out their own eyes to avoid seeing others' past and future, resigning themselves to being objectified by men to satisfy male sexuality, and allowing themselves to be marginalized by living on the outskirts of a village far from the community.

Learning Javanese is included in learning ethics or politeness values, so it is very important to teach it in the world of education. As a tool to attract students' attention and want to learn Javanese, namely by developing learning media in the form of audio pop-up books. This research aims to explain: (1) the process of developing audio pop-up book, (2) the quality of audio pop-up book, (3) student responses to audio pop-up book learning media as a learning medium for uploading Javanese language material at SMP Negeri 2 Pare. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods with a four-D (4D) development model. The resulting data is in the form of oral and written. The data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires and interviews. The instruments used were observation sheets, questionnaire sheets, and interview sheets. The results of this research are the product manufacturing process starting from needs analysis, product manufacturing plans, to the results of product development. to the final product. Validation from experts received a total percentage of 93.4% and total student responses received a percentage of 91.9% which was included in the "very suitable" category for use.

Pendidikan agama di lingkungan keluarga merupakan kunci keberhasilan pembentukan perilaku siswa di sekolah dan masyarakat karena tanpa peran dari orang tua di rumah maka pendidikan agama di sekolah dan di masyarakat tidak bisa memberikan peran yang berarti. Yang menjadi masalah dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa masih ditemukan anak dari guru agama yang melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang tidak sesuai dengan ajaran Islam seperti terlibat dalam pesta minuman-minuman keras dengan mengajak teman-temanya yang lain, Selain itu ada salah satu keluarga guru agama yang tidak menyekolahkan anaknya sedangkan dia sendiri merupakan guru di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah petama, Mendeskripsikan pemahaman guru agama terhadap makna pendidikan agama. Kedua, Mengidentifikasi Aspek agama yang mendapat perhatian guru agama Islam dalam mendidik anaknya, Ketiga, Mendeskripsikan penanaman aspek tersebut dalam pendidikan dikeluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pemahaman guru agama tentang makna pendidikan agama adalah pendidikan agama harus berkelanjutan dari mulai SD sampai perguruan tinggi. Kedua, aspek agama yang mendapat perhatian guru agama adalah aspek akhlak dan teori dimana aspek akhlak dipelajari didalam keluarga sedangkan aspek teori dipelajari atau didapat di sekolah. Ketiga, penanaman aspek tersebut dalam lingkungan keluarga adalah mengajar anak ngaji, menyuruh sholat, mengajarkan akhlak yang baik dan lain-lain.

This thesis aims to determine the age limit for marriage as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019. In this Law, the minimum age limit for marriage is set at 19 (nineteen) years for both men and women. Apart from that, this thesis also examines the factors that cause underage marriage in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts. Underage marriages are marriages that do not meet the minimum age limit for marriage as regulated in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In Law Number 16 of 2019 article 7 it is stated that marriage is only permitted if the man and woman have reached the age of 19 (nineteen) years. In this research, the author used an empirical research method, namely by going directly into the field to obtain data related to underage marriage in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts. This research uses a descriptive approach in analyzing the data obtained. Based on research results, the number of underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh sub-districts is still relatively high. This is proven by the high percentage of underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts from year to year based on underage marriage dispensation data from the KUA in Paleleh District.  Apart from that, based on research results, there are several factors that cause underage marriages in Paleleh and West Paleleh Districts, including the factor of accidental marriage (pregnancy out of wedlock), and the factor of low level of education.

This research aims to reveal strategies for developing public speaking skills and describe the impact of public speaking skills on students' self-confidence at MAN 1 Banda Aceh and MAN 4 Aceh Besar. In this research, the methodology used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The research results show that: (1) The strategy for developing students' public speaking skills at MAN 1 Banda Aceh and MAN 4 Aceh Besar goes through several stages including: planning, methods, implementation and evaluation. (2) The impact of students' public speaking skills at MAN 1 Banda Aceh and MAN 4 Aceh Besar has provided significant results for students. The aspects that include include: being confident in your own abilities, being able to make your own decisions, having a positive feeling about yourself and having the courage to express your opinion to other people. Through this, students succeed in improving their public speaking skills. They are able to organize thoughts clearly, regulate the flow of presentations, and use effective communication techniques. This is related to the application of interpersonal communication theory and effective presentation theory presented in the training. Apart from that, students also succeeded in managing nervousness and anxiety when communicating. They gain a better understanding of the sources of nervousness and techniques for dealing with anxiety. Breathing regulation exercises, muscle relaxation, and other self-control techniques based on communication anxiety theory help students overcome these challenges.

This research is quantitative correlational research. The research aims to determine the relationship between conformity in the social environment and the hedonistic lifestyle of high school students and to find out how high the level of conformity and hedonism is. Subjects numbered 70 students. Data collection used a conformity scale with 22 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.877 and a hedonism scale with 26 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.871. The research results show that there is a negative relationship between conformity and hedonism with a high level of significance with an r value of = 0.163 and p=0.177. The level of conformity is classified in the very high category with a percentage of 87%. The level of hedonism is classified as low with a percentage of 57%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the higher the level of conformity, the level of hedonism tends to decrease, and vice versa.

This research is based on the ability to collaborate which is an ability that students must have. Collaboration skills, what teachers must do to improve collaboration skills is to apply various learning models that adapt to students' needs. The Group Investigation type learning model is a learning model that focuses on students' collaboration abilities. The success of a learning process can be measured by the success of students in participating in the learning process.This research aims to explore the application of the group investigation model in an educational context and measure its impact in improving the collaboration abilities or skills of class XI students at SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda. The object of this research is all students in class XI C of SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda, totaling 36 students. This research is a qualitative descriptive type of research. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a system of field observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is analysis.The concept of group investigation learning is learning that emphasizes students gaining knowledge through learning experiences. The group investigation type learning model has six stages, namely selecting topics, planning collaboration, implementing plans, analysis and synthesis, presenting work results, and evaluation.The collaboration ability of students in class And the results of interviews with students show that students have good collaboration or cooperation skills in completing the topic/material given.The advantage of the Group Investigation type Cooperative Learning learning model in class can improve students' ability to collaborate or work together and students can learn to solve problems that arise during the learning process.The weakness of the Group Investigation type Cooperative Learning learning model in class XI SMA Negeri 11 Samarinda namely, the material presented will be less because the learning time is short, the teacher will have difficulty giving individual grades, and the class atmosphere will be noisy due to discussions.