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Indonesian language instruction in elementary schools aims to improve students' oral and written communication. Indonesian serves as a primary tool for students to hone their language skills correctly and effectively. Reading skills in elementary school are divided into two phases: initial reading (lower grades) and further reading (upper grades). Initial reading skills influence students' readiness before entering the next learning stage. However, second-grade elementary school students often face difficulties in developing initial reading and writing skills. Factors such as socio-economic background, gender, and teaching methods used by teachers can affect the success of literacy programs. By considering these factors, we can improve students' literacy skills at the beginning level.

For pupils, education is a lifelong process that ends when they develop into adults. Arabic language classes, which cover hearing, speaking, reading, and writing, are offered at religious education institutions ranging from elementary schools to universities. For pupils in class 2 of the PPTQ Al-Asy'ariyyah junior high school Tahfidz program, Kalibeber Wonosobo, the author restricts the issue of adopting and refining maharah kitabah learning utilizing the Imla' technique with the book Hayya Nata'allamu imla'. Unlike trials where the researcher is the primary instrument, this research uses it to investigate the circumstances of natural objects. Two methodologies were used in the research: experiments using both qualitative and quantitative methods.

This thesis aims to: 1) Find out the concept of Islamic religious education teachers in learning ablution procedures for students at the special school for the deaf, Don Bosco Wonosobo, 2) Find out what the role of Islamic religious education teachers is in learning ablution procedures for students at the special school for the deaf, Don Bosco Wonosobo. , 3) knowing how to carry out learning ablution procedures for students at the Don Bosco Wonosobo special school for the deaf.This thesis uses a qualitative research approach where the type of research is field research presented with descriptive data. The subjects in this research were Islamic religious education teachers at the Don Boso special school, the principal of the Don Bosco special school and also students at the Don Bosco special school. Technique data collection uses observation methods, semi-structured interviews and also documentation. Data sources were obtained from field research and also qualitative research. The analysis technique used is a data analysis technique, namely the analysis of data that has been collected by researchers through methodological tools. Where data is obtained using a data analysis process in the form of data reduction, data presentation and also conclusions or verification. To test the validity of the data, extended observations, persistence of observations, and triangulation were carried out. The research results show that the concept of Islamic religious education teachers at the Don Bosco special school regarding learning ablution procedures is to emphasize the repetition method where students with hearing impairments have quite short memories which requires teachers to take steps by having students perform ablution practices one by one. The role of the Islamic religious education teacher at the Don Bosco special school is the main factor in students' success in carrying out daily worship, for example introducing ablution material from the pre-primary class. Then, with the implementation of learning about ablution procedures carried out by Don Bosco special school students using the repetition method as well as practice carried out in each learning activity with the aim of increasing students' memory regarding the steps for ablution and also the number of washings in each movement. By practicing ablution one by one, the teacher can find out where each student's mistakes are.

This research aims to increase students' learning motivation using the discussion method in class IV science and science subjects at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subjects of this research were 16 grade IV students at Towangsan State Elementary School. The object of this research is the application of discussion methods and student learning motivation. The data collection techniques used are observation, questionnaires and documentation. The data obtained were in the form of questionnaire results, observation results and documentation results as primary data, as well as learning results tests as supporting data. The data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative descriptive. The results of this research indicate that the application of the discussion method in science and science learning can increase the learning motivation of class IV students at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan. This is proven by the average science learning motivation of students increasing from cycle I by 67.43% to 75.31% in cycle II and is in the good category. In line with this, the average learning evaluation results increased, namely from cycle I it was 65.00% in the medium category, increasing to 78.12% in the good category. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Discussion Method applied in science and science learning is effective in increasing the learning motivation of class IV students at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan.

German language learning in High School (SMA) holds significant importance in the current era of globalization. The complexity of German grammar, including gendered nouns and article usage, demands innovative approaches in the learning process. This research explores innovative learning methods, focusing on the implementation of Game Based Learning (GBL) and the teaching of Nomen materials, to enhance the effectiveness of German language learning in SMA. The primary goal is to increase student participation and equip them with strong communication skills in German. Research findings indicate that integrating innovative learning methods, such as GBL, can serve as effective tools in achieving improved German language learning outcomes in SMA.

German language learning in High School (SMA) holds significant importance in the current era of globalization. The complexity of German grammar, including gendered nouns and article usage, demands innovative approaches in the learning process. This research explores innovative learning methods, focusing on the implementation of Game Based Learning (GBL) and the teaching of Nomen materials, to enhance the effectiveness of German language learning in SMA. The primary goal is to increase student participation and equip them with strong communication skills in German. Research findings indicate that integrating innovative learning methods, such as GBL, can serve as effective tools in achieving improved German language learning outcomes in SMA.

Adolescent delinquency behavior often stems from teenagers' involvement with peer groups at school or in the educational environment. This can develop into more serious criminal behavior later on. Adolescents engaged in delinquent behavior can be categorized as Juvenile Offenders (JO). Peer groups provide a social environment in which JOs can learn and develop various aspects of themselves; however, they also serve as a primary source of negative influence. Similar habitus within social groups reinforce solidarity and camaraderie within them, which may be a reason for teenagers to join peer groups from the same social class. This also provides a sense of comfort and acceptance, while joining groups from different social classes can lead to feelings of inferiority and inequality. Thus, peer groups can have both positive and negative implications depending on the social conditions within a peer group.

The aim of this research is to identify and explain the role of internal audit in the allocation of BOS funds. This research uses a qualitative approach with library or library research. Audit is an operational process carried out by a qualified and independent auditor, whose aim is to ensure compliance with the conditions relating to the operation of an economic entity and its standards. Auditors carry out examinations by collecting and presenting evidence systematically, analytically, critically and accurately to provide opinions or conclusions and recommendations to stakeholders. BOS Fund Management Audits are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the audit standards of the Ministry of State Apparatus Empowerment (PER/05/M.PAN-03/2008 APIP-AUDIT-STANDARDS). Several requirements must be met before an audit can be performed.(Comparative et al., 2023). This research aims to understand the accounting information system for cash receipts and cash disbursements in school operational assistance funds (BOS). The variables used in this research are Accounting Information Systems, Cash Receipts and Cash Disbursements. The method used in this research is a qualitative method by utilizing data collection techniques then carrying out observations, interviews, documentation, triangulation and literature study. The data used in this research is primary data using observations and interviews with the Nurul Ikhwan Selabintana Sukabumi Islamic Vocational School.(Asep & Wr, 2021)    

This research aims to examine the phenomenon of cultivating anti-verbal bullying social attitudes through 7th-grade Social Studies (IPS) education focusing on socialization, values, and norms. Verbal bullying is a serious issue in schools that negatively impacts victims. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Primary data was gathered through observations and interviews at SMPN 3 Srengat, while secondary data came from literature reviews. The research findings indicate two main patterns in cultivating anti-verbal bullying social attitudes: habituation patterns and modeling patterns. Habituation involves providing advice, motivation, and exemplary behavior to students. Modeling is done by presenting real, symbolic, and dual examples to students. Both patterns have challenges and room for improvement. Teachers need to be consistent in applying habituation and modeling patterns, while also considering factors that may cause verbal bullying. This research contributes to understanding the phenomenon of verbal bullying in schools and offers strategies for instilling anti-verbal bullying social attitudes through IPS education.    

This research aims to determine the role of PAI teachers in improving students' character and the supporting and inhibiting factors for students at SMK NU Darussalam, Srono District. The research method used in this research is qualitative. This research used observation, interview, and documentation techniques to collect data. In this research, there are two data sources used, namely primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used is interactive analysis consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The research results show that the role of PAI teachers at SMK NU Darussalam, Srono District, positively impacts student character formation. Supporting factors include a supportive family environment, facilitating educational institutions, a positive community environment, and supportive technological media. On the other hand, inhibiting factors include an unstable family environment, negative school culture, negative peer influence, and the negative impact of technological media.    

This research aims to increase the learning motivation of elementary school students through the application of interactive learning methods. Interactive learning methods are believed to be able to stimulate students' interest and active participation in the teaching and learning process. We conducted this research using a quantitative approach by applying an experimental design. Data was collected through questionnaires and observations of fourth and fifth grade students in one of the elementary schools in Padang. The results showed that the use of interactive learning methods significantly increased students' learning motivation. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of integrating interactive learning methods in the primary education curriculum to encourage student engagement and motivation.

KKN (Real Work Lecture) is a community service activity program carried out by students with a cross-scientific and sectoral approach at certain times and regions in Indonesia. Suli is one of the states in Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. KKN students who have been placed in this location must mingle, adapt to the community and are required to create work programs obtained from observations in the community. The results of observations obtained in Suli are problems that must be turned into work programs to be carried out as KKN students. The work program which is the flagship program is Socialization of Financial Partners and Cooperatives (Empowerment of High School Children in Financial Education and Introduction to Cooperatives). Writing articles using the Socialization and TPA (Primary Knowledge Test) methods

Youth involvement at St. Yusup Gedangan still has minimal service. The reason is that young Catholics (OMK) are still at school/college, working, unstable in choosing a priority, want something instant and comfortable. The aim of this research is to determine the situation of OMK's involvement in church life, to find out the driving and inhibiting factors that make OMK want or dare to involve themselves in service and to find out efforts to strengthen the driving factors and weaken the factors inhibiting OMK's involvement in the Church. The research was conducted at St. Yusup Gedangan, the target is the Pastoral Council and OMK Management. Conducted from September - December 2023. This research uses a qualitative approach, the data sources used are primary and secondary data. To check the validity of the data, triangulation of sources is used, namely observation, interviews and documentation. With interview indicators and interview instruments to the Parish Father, Chair of the six respective fields, and OMK administrators. The research results show that OMK is already involved in church life. However, they are less visible in the areas of society, infrastructure and R&D. Caused by a lack of understanding of the spirituality of the Church, and full of prejudice. So it is necessary to be prepared with formation, faith formation that is suitable/appropriate for OMK and spiritual assistance.

This research aims to describe allusions in the news text of the Central Java Tribune as an alternative teaching material in high school. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out using the note-taking research method, selecting news texts that used figurative language styles and listening carefully, directed and carefully to primary data sources. Based on the news text, the news text 'Up Again! Complete Fuel Prices Throughout Indonesia Thursday 13 April 2023 Check Central Java Prices' taken from the April 2023 edition of the Central Java Tribune website found the use of metaphor, metonomia and allegory. In relation to its suitability as an alternative teaching material in high school based on suitability to students' cognition, suitability to character education, suitability to students' language, psychological aspects, and cultural background aspects, the use of figurative language styles in news texts is suitable for use as an alternative teaching material. in high school and references that help Indonesian language subject teachers in appreciating Indonesian literary works, especially in prose.

Research has been carried out on the Strategy of Akhlak Teachers in Instilling Character in Students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive qualitative approach. This research only tries to reveal or describe the facts that exist in MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah. The researcher acts as a key instrument. The data sources used are secondary and primary data sources. The approaches used are: a) pedagogic approach, b) psychological approach, and c) social approach. The results obtained include: Objective conditions regarding the character of students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah in general, students have good character. The visible characters shown by students in the MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah environment can be concluded as; Students tend to be obedient, polite to all teachers and to fellow students, disciplined, calm and earnest and always maintain harmony and intimacy with others. b) There are several supporting and inhibiting factors for teachers of moral aqidah in instilling character in students at MTs Yaspend Muslim Pematang Tengah, and c) Teachers providing guidance through lectures (at school and at home), it is recommended/required to read a lot of things related to religion ( relating to the formation of character for students with problems continue to be given direction so as not to repeat the mistakes they have made, students with problems are handed over to the BK teacher (BP teacher) for guidance.    

The community empowerment program at Keranggan Ecotourism Village identified several challenges, including low productivity, limited information access, and insufficient promotional facilities, resulting in a lack of awareness about the village's offerings. In response, a team comprising faculty and students from ESQ Business School conducted a tridharma activity focused on digital marketing, particularly for Keranggan Snack, a local home industry product aiming for expanded sales. This initiative aimed to leverage social media platforms to enhance product outreach and facilitate the promotion of Keranggan Ecotourism products to local SMEs, optimizing social media for broader audience reach. Additionally, the team facilitated the promotion of Keranggan Ecotourism products at various external events, aligning with Indonesia Emas 2045's vision. The primary objectives were to increase awareness and branding, assist local SMEs in boosting sales, and provide promotional platforms for Keranggan Ecotourism. This multifaceted approach aimed to address fundamental issues and propel Keranggan Ecotourism towards sustainable growth. Through education on digital marketing and active promotion, the program sought to overcome obstacles and elevate the visibility and economic viability of Keranggan Ecotourism Village beyond its immediate surroundings. By providing a platform for wider recognition and engagement, the initiative aimed to contribute to the village's economic development and environmental conservation efforts.

Character education is a crucial aspect of student development, especially in Islamic boarding schools, known as pesantren, where both academic and moral education are emphasized. This study investigates the integration of character education at Al-Syifa Islamic Boarding Schools, aiming to understand the theoretical and practical frameworks used in these institutions. The primary objective of this research is to analyze how character education is integrated into the educational framework of Al-Syifa Islamic Boarding Schools. The study aims to uncover the strategies, principles, and effectiveness of character education programs through an extensive review of existing literature and documented practices. This research employs a literature review approach, systematically examining academic articles, books, official school documents, and previous studies related to character education in Islamic boarding schools. By synthesizing findings from these sources, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the methods and outcomes of character education integration at Al-Syifa. The literature review reveals that Al-Syifa Islamic Boarding Schools employ a multifaceted approach to character education, integrating it through both curricular and extracurricular activities. The curriculum includes dedicated character education subjects, while extracurricular activities reinforce these values through real-life applications and community involvement. The review also highlights several key principles, such as the emphasis on Islamic values, community living, and moral exemplarity. The integration of these principles has shown positive outcomes, including enhanced student behavior, improved academic performance, and stronger community ties. Challenges noted include the need for continuous professional development for teachers and the alignment of character education goals with academic objectives

This research aims to determine the role of scouting extracurricular activities in forming students' independent personalities in elementary schools. The method used is descriptive qualitative with two types of literature and a literature review. The data collection technique uses the documentation method. The source of data obtained in this research is from previous journals which were created by searching for journals or books in several electronic media such as the internet, digital libraries and other collections which were then selected and analyzed further by researchers. The results of the research analysis show that Scouts activities make a positive contribution to shaping the character of independent students such as increasing self-confidence, courage, responsibility, discipline and problem-solving skills. Through various challenging and fun activities, students are trained to take initiative, think creatively and not give up easily. Support from Scout leaders and schools also plays an important role in creating a favorable environment for the development of the independent personality of students. This research concludes that out-of-school Scouting can be an effective way of instilling the values of self-confidence in primary school students.

This research aims to find out whether discipline and motivation influence student learning at the Essa Edutama School in Palembang. This type of research is included in quantitative research. This research was conducted at the ESSA EDUTAMA PALEMBANG school. The population in this study were teachers at the ESSA EDUTAMA PELMBANG school, totaling 20 teachers. The sampling technique used in this research is saturated sampling. In data collection carried out using primary data, primary data is by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The data collection technique in this research is a questionnaire. This research was analyzed using multiple linear regression using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. Variable measurements used a Likert Scale: Strongly Agree (weight 4), Agree (weight 3), Disagree (weight 2), and Strongly Disagree (weight 1). The analytical tool used in this research is: T test. It is hoped that the results of this research will serve as a basic reference later in making a thesis proposal, so that this research method will study procedures regarding teacher discipline on student learning motivation. Research and includes activity steps, as well as research methods that will later be used. The conclusion in this research is that it can be concluded that the analysis of teacher discipline on student learning motivation influences each other. This can also be seen if teacher discipline increases, student learning motivation will also increase so that there can be a positive and significant influence between teacher discipline on student learning motivation. at the Essa Edutama Palembang school.  

The intelligence of an elementary school teacher in delivering material needs to be supported by the family environment and the role of the student's parents. From here we know that improving and developing the quality of knowledge about Mathematics is important. Purwakarta State Elementary School students in Cilegon City find it easier to remember and understand Mathematics lessons if they enjoy doing it and are accompanied by real experiences in everyday life. The role of higher education through the Tridharma of Higher Education is to carry out education, research and community service. One form of this obligation and concern is that as a Permanent Lecturer or academic at Serang Raya University, I intend to carry out community service to the students of Purwakarta State Elementary School, Cilegon City through Arithmetic training. This community service aims to provide learning services that are tailored to the learning difficulties of students at the Purwakarta State Primary School, Cilegon City. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is carried out in the classrooms of each class. As a result of the tutoring activities carried out by tutors for students, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in student learning outcomes