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The Problem Based Learning learning model is a learning model that begins with giving problems to students where the problems given are everyday experiences or have been experienced by students. Then students solve the problems given to gain new knowledge. It is expected that students are able to learn knowledge related to these problems, as well as students have skills in solving problems. The purpose of this research is to increase student motivation in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation and then drawing conclusions. The sources of data in this study are school principals, deputy heads of curricula, PAI teachers, and students. The results of the study show that: 1. Implementation of the Problem Based Learning learning model in PAI subjects at Perlaungan Islamic High School there are five stages, namely, student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding educators to search for data on a problem, developing and presenting the work , analyze and evaluate. 2. Student learning motivation, there are two learning motivations, namely, intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation there are three indicators namely, there is a desire and desire to succeed, there are encouragement and needs in learning, there are hopes and ideals, and extrinsic motivation, there are five extrinsic motivations indicators namely, there is appreciation in learning, there are interesting activities in learning, there is a conducive learning environment, teacher-student relationships, student-student relationships.    

This research aims to determine students' ability to understand mathematical concepts through the application of the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach and to find out how the students' answers process in solving problems on tests of students' ability to understand mathematical concepts after applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan. This type of research is classroom action research through cyclical learning stages. The subjects of this research were 13 students in class VIII-1 of SMP Nurul Islam Indonesia Medan and the object of this research was the students' ability to understand mathematical concepts by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistical material. Based on the research results, it was found that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in statistical material in class VIII-1 at Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan was improved, namely in cycle I the average student ability was only 30.76 with a completion percentage of only 8% of students completed. In cycle II the average student ability increased to 92.95 with a student completion percentage of 100%, so that students had met the classical completion percentage, namely ≥85%. The results of this research show that by applying the Realistic Mathematics Education learning approach to statistics material in class VIII-1 of Nurul Islam Indonesia Middle School in Medan, students can improve their ability to understand mathematical concepts.

This study aims to determine whether applying the Problem Based Learning model can improve the mathematical problem solving ability of students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat on SPLDV. This research is a class action research conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-A SMP Negeri 1 Stabat totalling 30 students. The object of this research is the improvement of students' mathematical problem solving ability through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model on SPLDV material at SMP Negeri 1 Stabat in the 2023/2024 school year. Based on the results of data analysis, the average initial test score was 47.11 with the number of students who reached mastery as many as 4 students (13.33%) and students who had not reached mastery as many as 26 students (86.67%). Then learning was carried out with the Problem Based Learning learning model in cycle I and there was an increase in the problem solving ability test with an average value of 63.44 with 19 students or as many as (63.33%). Then students who have not reached completeness are 11 students or as many as (36.67%). Then in cycle II there was an increase with the average value of the student problem solving ability test being 84.11, with a total completeness of 26 students or as many as (86.67%) and the number of students who had not reached completeness was 4 students or as many as (13.33%). The level of student completeness of the problem solving ability test given in cycle II reached the good category, therefore it can be said that learning has been achieved. Thus it can be said that the class has reached more than 85% of students who have been completed to solve problems. So it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving skills.

This research aims: (1) students' mathematical reasoning ability using the Discovery Learning learning model is higher than students' mathematical reasoning ability using conventional learning models in class VII MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli, (2) the process of solving answers made by students in solving problems in the Discovery Learning learning model and Conventional learning model. This type of research is quantitative research with Quasi-Experimental methods. This research was conducted at MTs Yaspi Labuhan Deli. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling techniques, namely class VII-A as a class taught with a Discovery Learning learning model and class VII-B as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instrument used was in the form of observation sheets and student mathematical reasoning ability test sheets in the form of 3 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used t-Test with Independent Sample t-Test technique with the help of SPSS 20 program. The results of this study showed that the average score of classes taught using the discovery learning model was 78,01 and classes taught using conventional learning models were 72,22. For hypothesis testing carried out using a t-test, from the calculation results obtained a value of  (2.664) >  (1.66757) with a Sig.2-tailed level of 0.010 < 0.05, which means that  rejected and  was accepted, so that it is concluded that there is a significant difference in the average mathematical reasoning ability of students using the Discovery Learning learning model and the Conventional learning model. Based on the analysis of the process of completing students' answers to the mathematical reasoning ability test that get Discovery Learning learning is better than students who get conventional learning.

In an era of cultural acceleration and rapid advancements in science and technology, this research evaluates the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Informatics at SMA Negeri 8 Maros, focusing on enhancing student creativity. Employing a quantitative method within the Classroom Action Research framework, this study involves cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data collected through creativity tests, surveys, and class observations reveal that PBL significantly boosts student creativity. These findings are crucial, considering the critical role of education in preparing future generations for digital era challenges. This study highlights how education, especially in Informatics covering programming, artificial intelligence, and computer networking, can adapt to changing times. By integrating technology and innovative approaches into the learning process, students can enhance creativity and other essential skills needed in the digital age. This research offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers in preparing students for a bright, sustainable future.    

The United Islamic Cultural Center of Indonesia (UICCI) or the United Islamic Cultural Center Foundation in Indonesia is an Islamic organization that operates in the social and religious fields. This foundation is an Islamic social and religious institution that produces Al-Quran Hafiz who applies the Al-Quran and Sunnah in everyday life while directing them to do good deeds with their knowledge. The UICCI Foundation is better known as Pondok Pesantren Syarief Medan which is a branch of the IFA (International Fratenity Association) or international fraternity foundation in Turkey. The history of the founding of the Central UICCI Foundation in Turkey or the Sulaimaniyah Institute began after the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924, the Turkish regime under the leadership of the nationalist figure Mustofa Kemal Attaturk began to introduce the ideas of nationalism and secularism, or rather laicism. This is an interesting study considering that Islamic boarding schools are traditional Islamic educational institutions originating from Indonesia and UICCI is a branch of Islamic education from Turkey. Because it is a branch of the Turkish Islamic boarding school, it has its own way of learning which is different from Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia in general. The differences lie in the teaching system which is controlled by the center in Turkey, the rules are based on Sufism, the students' learning activities are integrated with the Turkish language, Turkish culture is introduced to the students and the full scholarship for further education in Turkey is given to the students. In this research there are three problem formulations, namely: History and development of the UICCI Syarief Medan Foundation, dynamics, and its contribution to students and society. The approach used by researchers is Sociology. The theory used is Continuity and Change by Jhon Obert Voll. The method used is the historical method, which includes four steps, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. The results of this research show that the UICCI Syarief Islamic Boarding School in Medan has a distinctive form and is different from Islamic boarding schools in general. The differences can be seen from the activities at the boarding school which are based on Sufism and tarekat which are followed by Islamic boarding school students, an integrated teaching system with Turkish language and Tekamul education (scholarships for further Islamic education to Turkey). Apart from that, the dynamics that occur at the UICCI Syarief Islamic boarding school can be seen from an educational and economic perspective, namely making UICCI Syarief become the center of Tadris for the Sumatra Island branch and from an economic perspective it can be seen from what was initially free to paid. In terms of contribution, this foundation only focuses on students, preparing student go to Tekamul.

In the era of education that continues to develop, learning models have become the focus of attention for educators. One learning model that has received widespread attention is Project Based Learning (PjBL). The aim of this research is to determine the effect of implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model to increase student creativity so that they can solve problems in working on a project. Creativity not only allows students to solve a problem, but also has an impact on their mindset. This research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The results obtained from this research are that there is an increase in students' creative thinking abilities before and after implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model during learning.

Education in elementary schools has the aim of helping students understand problems in everyday life. The national education system states that education aims to develop the potential of students to become human beings who have faith, noble character, health, knowledge and responsibility. In the context of mathematics education, the PMRI (Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education) approach is used to help students understand mathematical concepts through real experiences and the context of everyday life. The data grouping learning trajectory using the PMRI approach aims to help grade 1 elementary school students understand the concept of data grouping. The use of sorting and choosing props can also improve the learning outcomes of low grade students in sorting and selecting certain objects or concepts. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that students can learn more effectively through direct experience, visualization and physical movements involved in the sorting and choosing process. Data was collected through interviews and tests. Based on the results and discussion of the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the design of a data grouping learning trajectory for elementary school students using an Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach is theoretically able to provide a deeper understanding of data grouping for grade I elementary school students. With the principles in PMRI, students are given the opportunity to develop a conceptual understanding of data grouping with the help of the images provided.

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This learning media aims to develop and improve elementary school students' learning. This media is a development media that uses meta analysis methods. One of the problems in education is the minimum media facilities and infrastructure, so teachers are required to be creative in improving the quality of learning in the classroom, such as developing learning media in the classroom. An interesting learning media that can overcome students' boredom in learning activities is game-based learning activities, such as the application of the snakes and ladders game media. Children at the elementary level have a tendency to play. A fun and relaxed situation will help children to increase their interest in learning. The development of learning media in the form of the snakes and ladders game has the impact of providing discourse about alternative teaching media for elementary level. It is hoped that the use of this learning media can improve the quality of teaching and learning activities at the basic level.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

This study aims to understand the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) on mathematical representation in students using Geogebra and model discovery learning in X SMAS Tamansiswa Singosari. It uses quasi-experimental research with purposive sampling and control group design. The results show that all data is normal and homogeneous, with a  value of 4.71>2.03. The study also reveals that the overall learning process for experimental students is better than that of control students.

pronunciation and writing. The uniqueness of the language of the spoken numeralia Seberuang looks similar to Indonesian. However in the Seberuang language, the terms quarter, one-half, one-third are only pronounced in one word (s«simpi«?). in the Seberuang language there is only the word half (s«pia?). This study was conducted to obtain an explanation of Numeralia Bahasa Dayak Seberuang and development. This research entitled Language Numeralia Dayak Seberuang. A common problem in this research is numeralia language and its application in the learning Seberuang. The general problem, subdivided into sub-sub-problems based on 1) the type of language numeralia Seberuang, 2) form language numeralia Seberuang, 3) the function of language numeralia Seberuang, 4) the meaning of the language numeralia Seberuang. The method used in this research is descriptive method, while the shape is aqualitative research. This study illustrates the Seberuang numeralia language by native speakers of the narrative of the Seberuang.

Collaborative learning is learning that involves students by forming small groups that work together to solve problems that aim to encourage students to play an active role and be able to think critically during learning. The characteristics of the collaborative learning model are considered to be able to train students' stimulus so that it can train and improve students' critical thinking skills. Collaborative learning is expected to be able to improve thinking skills and high thinking skills, especially critical thinking skills. Based on the results of the articles we have reviewed, it shows that collaborative learning that is applied can significantly provide benefits in improving thinking skills. However, there are some challenges that must be addressed such as time management of collaborative learning implementation and ensuring that all students get the same opportunity as other students.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.  

In the era of revolution 4.0, education does not only require intellectual abilities, but critical thinking, creative, communicative and collaboration skills. The problem with Civics learning is that it still prioritizes cognitive aspects, it has not been able to realize the goal of creating critical and responsible students. There needs to be innovation in Civics learning that combines problem-based learning models through games and is integrated with the use of technology in elementary schools. This research aims to find out the influence of problem based learning implemented through the QR code-assisted treasure hunt game on Civics learning. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The analysis technique used is an interactive analysis model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of data analysis are presented in the form of descriptions supported by observations, interviews and literature studies. The results of the analysis and discussion can be concluded that critical thinking skills emerge in Civics learning using the PBL treasure hunt and QR code models. Critical thinking skills are demonstrated by the emergence of the following indicators: providing simple explanations, building basic skills, concluding, making further explanations, strategies and tactics. It is hoped that the results of this study can become a reference, especially in the field of education, to create a superior and characterful next generation.

The main problem in this research is the lack of short story writing skills in class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. So the researchers used Bolding media (rolling balls). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Bolding media (rolling balls) on the short story writing skills of class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of Pre-Experimental Design. The data source in this research was 15 class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. Data collection was carried out using the results of the assessment of short story writing skills. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, researchers found that student learning outcomes before using Bolding (rolling ball) learning media were relatively low, namely the average score of the Pre-test results was 58 .33, then the average value of the Post-test results is 85.67. After obtaining tCount 9.223 and tTable 2.14479, we get tCount > tTable or 9.223>2.14479. Based on the results of tCount and tTable, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of Bolding (rolling ball) learning media is effective on short story writing skills for class V elementary school. Presidential Instruction for Parang Village, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency.

The main problem in this research is whether the outdoor learning method has an influence on the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students. This research aims to determine the effect of applying outdoor learning methods on the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this research was 11 class IV SDI Sorobaya students. Data collection was carried out using the results of the descriptive essay writing assessment. The data obtained was then explained using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, the author found that student learning outcomes before using outdoor learning methods were classified as low, namely the average score of the pre-test results was 41.27. The average value of the post test results is 67.27. After obtaining Tcount 4.579 and Ttable 2.228, we get tCount > tTable or 4.579 > 2.228. Based on the results of the calculated t and t table, it can be concluded that the use of outdoor learning methods influences the ability to write descriptive essays for class IV SDI Sorobaya students.

Researchers conducted research at SDN 04 Birugo based on the difficulty of slow learner students in understanding the lessons being taught. Slow learner children have difficulty reading so the tasks given by teachers to slow learner children cannot answer the tasks given by PAI teachers. This research aims to determine the problems of learning Islamic Religious Education among Slow Learner students at SDN 04 Birugo. This problem is researched using descriptive qualitative research methods which aim to describe and analyze phenomena and events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, thoughts of people individually and in groups using field research. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The key informants in this research were the class IV Islamic Religious Education teacher at SDN 04 Birugo and the supporting informants for class IV slow learner students. To analyze the data, researchers grouped it based on existing problems. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers, the results show that slow learner students tend to feel inferior and consider themselves to be an obstacle to the learning process for other friends. Feelings of inferiority are seen in slow learner students at the stage of understanding lessons and completing assignments. There are two factors that cause difficulties in reading, writing and memorizing, namely the classroom environment and outside the classroom. Boredom occurs because they are not really serious about learning, but from the problems that occurred there were 3 slow learner students whose problems were slightly more resolved.