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This study aims to analyze the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) models on student learning outcomes in the material of force and motion. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of junior high school students who were divided into an experimental group with the PBL model and a control group with conventional learning. The results showed that students who learned with the PBL model had a deeper understanding of concepts and were able to apply concepts in solving everyday problems compared to the control group. The implications of this study confirm that the application of PBL can improve students' learning outcomes and critical thinking skills in physics learning.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional model that utilizes problems as a starting point for acquiring and integrating new knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on improving students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties in eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year. This research employed a quasi-experimental approach using a Randomized Control-Group Posttest-Only Design. Data collection methods included the administration of questionnaires, pretests and posttests, and oral interviews. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the Problem-Based Learning model significantly influences students' learning outcomes on the topic of light properties. This is indicated by the t-test results, where tcount = 2.064 and ttable = 2.006 with df = 52. Since tcount > ttable (2.064 > 2.006), the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. These findings demonstrate that the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant positive effect on students' learning outcomes in the topic of light properties among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Karanganyar during the 2022/2023 academic year.

This training aims to introduce and apply a product-based learning (PBL) approach in a kindergarten (TK) environment. PBL is a student-centered learning method where children learn through exploration, problem solving and collaboratively in producing a product. In the kindergarten context, PBL focuses on developing children's cognitive, social and motor skills through hands-on learning and writing activities. This training was developed for kindergarten teachers with a theoretical understanding of PBL, PBL planning methods that are adapted to child development, as well as creative and effective classroom implementation strategies. Educators are trained to design programs that connect to the kindergarten curriculum, conduct product-based learning, assess children's progress in critical thinking, communication and collaboration skills. The hope is that this training can help teachers create an interesting and meaningful learning environment for children, encouraging creativity, curiosity and enthusiasm for learning. It is hoped that the results of this training can improve the quality of children's education through the effective implementation of PBL.

In opportunity material, students' mathematical problem solving abilities are something that needs to be paid attention to. As a teacher, teachers should use various learning models that can help students improve their mathematical problem solving abilities. This research aims to help improve the mathematical problem solving abilities of class X-6 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on opportunity material. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which is divided into two cycles where each cycle consists of two meetings. The target subjects in this research were students in class X-6 of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, totaling 36 people. Data collection techniques in this research include observation and problem solving ability tests. From the data obtained, analysis was then carried out using descriptive analysis. The results obtained from this research are that students' mathematical problem solving abilities increase. In cycle one, there were 12 students who scored above the KKM (33.3%). Meanwhile, in cycle two, the number of students who scored above the KKM increased to 27 people (75%). Based on these results, the achievements of students who scored above the KKM increased so that students' mathematical problem solving abilities increased by 41.7% from cycle one to cycle two.

This research aims to increase interest in learning and critical thinking of class The background to this research is because students' low interest in learning, especially in learning mathematics. In the learning process, a student's interest in learning plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, because if students have low interest in learning, it will be difficult for them to receive knowledge from the teacher, so that learning outcomes will be less effective. This research uses the Classroom Action research method (PTK) which consists of two cycles. The techniques used for data collection are: planning, implementing actions, observing and evaluating and reflecting. Before that, initial observations were carried out in order to find out information or characteristics of students. The results of the research show that the PBL type cooperative learning model was applied to matrix material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This can be seen from the increase in implementation results, observation and reflection.  Students' learning activities experienced a significant increase in cycle two compared to cycle one. By learning using the PBL method, it is possible for students to more easily understand the material because it relates to problems around them and with discussions students can work together and help each other if they experience problems. Apart from that, this method can also help develop their critical thinking and communication skills.  

Science learning in elementary schools often faces challenges in improving students' learning outcomes, especially in the topic of energy transformation. This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students in science, particularly in the topic of energy transformation, through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method which consists of two cycles, each lasting one meeting. The results of the observation show that in the first cycle, students were active in learning but there were still some students who needed further guidance. In the second cycle, learning ran more effectively with students who were more focused and there were no longer any problems when divided into groups. The PBL model with the support of Canva presentation media successfully increased students' academic achievement, indicating that the PBL model is effective in helping students learn. The results of this study indicate that the PBL model can improve students' understanding and achievement in the topic of energy transformation. Therefore, the problem-based learning (PBL) model with the support of Canva presentation media is one of the effective approaches to improve the understanding of fourth-grade students in the topic of energy transformation.

Learning outcomes are a series of skills, knowledge, attitudes and values ​​obtained by students in their thinking process during learning activities. This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of class X-4 students on opportunity material by applying the problem based learning model assisted by wordwall media. To see an increase in learning outcomes, classroom action research was carried out for two cycles using the method of observation and analysis of test results with research instruments in the form of pretest posttest questions in the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this classroom action research were 34 students from class X-4 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research results showed a consistent increase in learning outcomes over two cycles in the opportunity material. Before the action was taken there were 18 students who had not reached the KKM and only 16 students had completed it so the percentage of completion was 47.05% with an average learning outcome of 67.76. In the first cycle, the number of students who completed their learning outcomes reaching the KKM increased to 28 with a completion percentage of 82.35% and an average learning outcome of 78.23. In cycle II, the number of students whose learning outcomes achieved the KKM consistently increased so that there were 31 with a completion percentage of 91.17% and an average learning outcome of 89.54.

This study is an action research aimed at improving the learning outcomes of Pancasila Education on the topic of Appreciating Differences in Community Identity for Grade IV B students at SDN Pakis 01 Surabaya, which comprises 24 students. The research employs data collection methods such as observation, testing, and documentation. The instructional approach utilized is Problem-Based Learning (PBL). Findings indicate that the Problem-Based Learning model significantly improves students' Pancasila Education performance. Specifically, pre-cycle results showed a completion rate of 27%, which increased to 46% in Cycle I, and further rose to 81% in Cycle II. The implementation of Problem-Based Learning has successfully met the target goals, effectively boosting the Pancasila Education outcomes for Grade IV B students at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya for the 2023/2024 academic year. The Problem-Based Learning model is characterized by fostering critical thinking skills among students, thereby facilitating the teaching process.

This study began with the problem of low Mathematics learning outcomes of class X-5 students of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, which were below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) of 75. This study aims to improve the Mathematics learning outcomes of class X-5 students of SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. This study is a classroom action research (PTK) conducted in two cycles in the 2023/2024 academic year with 37 students. The data collection method in this study used observation techniques. The instruments used were pretest and posttest questions. The results of the analysis showed that the application of the problem based learning (PBL) learning model succeeded in improving students' Mathematics learning outcomes in statistics material. Student learning outcomes increased from the pre-cycle to cycle I and to cycle II. Before the action, only 10 students achieved KKM with a classical completion percentage of 27.02%. In cycle I, the number of students achieving KKM increased to 26 with a classical completion percentage of 70.27%. In cycle II, the number of students achieving KKM increased again to 31 with a classical completion percentage of 88.57%.  

This study is motivated by the low academic performance of fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education, specifically in the topic of mutual cooperation. The aim of this research is to assess the improvement in learning outcomes for fourth-grade students in Pancasila Education through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with a Differentiation approach. This research falls under the category of classroom action research and was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of the study were 28 fourth-grade students from SDN Dukuh Kupang II Surabaya. Data were collected through observations and tests, and then analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results indicate that the implementation of the PBL model with a Differentiation approach successfully improved student learning outcomes in the topic of mutual cooperation. The average student performance was 57.14 during the pre-cycle. After implementing the PBL model in cycle I, the average score increased to 71.42, and in cycle II, it rose further to 84.72. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the PBL model with a Differentiation approach is effective in enhancing the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students on the topic of mutual cooperation at SDN Dukuh Kupang II Surabaya.

This study aims to analyze digital-based Indonesian language learning strategies in higher education through a systematic review of articles published between 2020 and 2024. Based on a literature search in Google Scholar, 100 relevant articles were found, of which 84 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis results show that the technologies used in Indonesian language learning include ICT, Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital learning media, social media platforms (YouTube, TikTok, Instagram), and interactive applications such as Kahoot and quizzes. Popular learning methods include flipped classroom, Problem-Based Learning (PBL), and Project-Based Learning (PJBL), which support the development of 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital learning, which significantly influenced Generation Z students' learning methods. However, limited access to the internet in remote areas remains the main challenge in implementing digital learning. Therefore, improving technology infrastructure and providing training for lecturers to optimize the use of technology in learning, as well as policies that support equitable access to digital education across Indonesia, are essential. This study provides insights for the development of digital-based learning strategies in higher education.

21st-century learning is directed at the optimal use of technology and information. Optimal use of information technology is intended to improve student's critical thinking skills and work readiness. However, in reality, using learning media for accounting students is not optimal so learning feels boring. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using digital comics based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to improve critical thinking skills and work readiness of accounting students. This study used an experimental research method, with a pretest-posttest control group design. Based on the results of the study, showed that the use of digital comic media based on PBL was effective in improving students' work readiness and critical thinking skills.

The research is motivated by the fact that not all teachers use technology-based media in teaching and learning activities, especially in learning about building cube and block spaces. Teachers use more objects around students as media. This research aims to develop learning media based on augmented reality technology on classroom building materials in grade IV elementary school using a valid, practical and effective Problem Based Learning model. The type of research used in this study is development research using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate) model. The subjects of product trials and research data collection were grade IV students of SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The validation instrument used in this study is in the form of a validation sheet which aims to determine the validity or not of learning media based on Augmented Reality technology on space building materials. The analysis technique in this study uses the validity of learning media and the practicality of learning media. The results of the study show that the development of learning media based on augmented reality technology on building materials for cubes, blocks and prisms with the Problem Based Learning (PbL) model has been developed using the ADDIE development model and obtained an average result from three expert validators with a percentage of 81.33% which is included in the "Very Valid" category. The practicality of teachers' response to learning media based on Augmented Reality technology in building materials for cubes, blocks and triangular prisms in grade IV of elementary school obtained a percentage result of 90% with the very practical category at SDN 09 Surau Gadang and 96% with the very practical category at SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were obtained with a learning outcome percentage of 82.16%. Then at the second meeting, the percentage of learning outcomes increased by 88.16% at SDN 09 Surau Gadang. Then at SDN 08 Surau Gadang, the results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were 87.19% and the results of the effectiveness test increased at the second meeting by 93%.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to increase the potential of human resources through learning activities aimed at helping students develop all their potential and personal characteristics in a better direction. (Herdiansyah et al., 2021). The learning process is expected to enable students to improve their knowledge, attitudes and skills which are very important for achieving educational goals Types of Research Classroom Action Research (PTK) is a type of research carried out by teachers in their own classes by (1) planning, (2) implementing, and (3) reflecting on actions carried out collaboratively and participatively with the aim of improving their performance as teachers and improve student learning outcomes. Classroom action research is a type of research that aims to improve the quality of learning and includes increasing knowledge about values that can ultimately be applied, as well as increasing student activity and creativity.From the results of the analysis of the results of classroom action research conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Rejotangan to improve PPKn learning outcomes for class This is indicated by a positive increase for each variable studied. The results of classroom action research show an increase in learning outcomes. Problem-based learning (PBL) in Civics subjects can improve learning outcomes. The results of the first cycle of research, with an average of 70 results, showed that only 13 students (or 32.5% of the total students) and 27 students (or 67.5% of the total students) did not reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) for PPKn subjects of 75% . As a result, researchers had to continue the research to cycle II. After being implemented and improved, the problem-based learning (PBL) model was used in the second cycle of relearning actions. PPKn learning outcomes increased with an average score of 86 and a classical completion rate of 100%, with 40 students completing and 0 students not yet completing. Thus, researchers do not need to continue to the next cycle because student learning outcomes have reached the expected KKM scores and criteria.                                                                                                                                                         

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching and learning process in the classroom where students are first asked to observe a phenomenon. Then students are asked to record the problems that arise, after that the teacher's job is to stimulate critical thinking in solving existing problems. The teacher's task is to direct students to ask questions, prove assumptions, and listen to different perspectives among them. The problems in this study are (1) Can Problem-Based Learning (PBL) improve student learning outcomes in Civics class V at SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) How is the effect of student learning outcomes with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Civics class V at SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totaling 35 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student test results, then the data was analyzed using the percentage formula. The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I using a problem-based learning model from 78.75% to 91.25% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model 50.48% to 85.26%, and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subjects in cycle I using problem-based learning 40% to 94.28% in cycle II. This shows that student learning outcomes in Civics subjects using problem-based learning models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study can improve student learning outcomes to be more active and the ability of teachers to improve for the better.      

21st century teachers are required to be professional, required to have a combination of 4 main skills, namely: academic, professional and social skills to educate and teach students effectively and efficiently. Increasing teacher academic competence is very important in supporting students' preparation for the 21st century generation, in addition to other competencies. Academic competency includes mastery of material and how to convey that material effectively and efficiently. This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to improve teacher academic competence through training and mentoring activities with Project Based Learning (PJBL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning models. The PKM method used is a service learning process. Participants in PKM activities are teachers from SMAN 1 Purwosari, Pasuruan Regency. Data was collected using techniques: observation, interviews, tests and questionnaires. The results of PKM activities show an increase in teacher academic competence regarding 2 learning models (PJBL and PBL). The teacher's response after participating in PKM activities was very good and positive and they even recommended similar activities in 2025.

The purpose of this research was to produce a worksheet based on problem-based learning that would enhance students' ability to communicate mathematically when working with number pattern content. The quality of this LKPD refers to the effective aspect. This research uses a type of research and development (R&D) with a model developed by Borg & Gall. The subjects in this research were students in class VIII-5 of SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa with a total of 27 students. The object of this research is teaching materials in the form of PBL-based LKPD. Teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, expert validation sheets, teacher interview question sheets, and tests of mathematical communication competence were the tools employed. Based on the research results, the effectiveness of LKPD can be seen from the achievement of learning completeness with an average individual learning completeness of 88 and for classical completeness of 96.3%. So the LKPD developed is declared "effective". Students' mathematical communication abilities are at a percentage of 90.1%, at high criteria, and it can be noted that for the N-Gain assessment, results were obtained with a student average of 0.74, meaning that there was an increase in students' mathematical communication abilities with high criteria. So, based on the results, it can be concluded that the LKPD developed in this research is valid, effective, and can improve students' mathematical communication skills.

The purpose of this research is to improve students' speaking skills through a project based learning, making them more immersive and active. This study used experimental techniques and analysis of students' cognitive abilities with quantitative research techniques through oral tests. The research questions considered in this study are: was there a significant effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element) and to what extent was the effectiveness of simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element)?. The purpose of this study is to know whether the Simple project-based learning syntaxes to teach speaking (pronunciation element) contributes significantly to the senior high school students’ speaking ability of eleventh grade student of MA NW Juet academic year 2024. And the perpose of this research is to find out the extent of Simple project-based learning syntaxes in teaching speaking (pronunciation element). The analytical methods used for data processing are included in the Social Science Statistics 22.0 for Windows. The results before applying the project based learning technique, only 50% of students are able to spek in English and after applying the project based learning, it improved student's ability to speak in English by 80%. Applying project based learning , especially speaking, This is the right strategy to improve students' speaking skills (pronunciation).

This research explores the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to improve the quality of digital image processing learning in the Informatics Engineering Study Program. Through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, this research shows that PBL has a positive impact on students' conceptual understanding, technical skills, and involvement in the learning process. Nevertheless, challenges such as planning relevant learning problems and evaluating the learning process were also identified. Support and training are needed for lecturers to overcome these challenges. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of problem-based teaching practices in the context of digital image processing.  

This research explores the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to improve the quality of digital image processing learning in the Informatics Engineering Study Program. Through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, this research shows that PBL has a positive impact on students' conceptual understanding, technical skills, and involvement in the learning process. Nevertheless, challenges such as planning relevant learning problems and evaluating the learning process were also identified. Support and training are needed for lecturers to overcome these challenges. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of problem-based teaching practices in the context of digital image processing.