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Mathematics anxiety can reduce students' ability to understand and solve mathematical problems, thus affecting their overall attitude towards mathematics. Mathematics anxiety, a psychological factor that can affect students' learning achievement in mathematics learning in high school, makes it the most challenging subject in school. This study aimed to identify the effect of mathematics anxiety on students' learning achievement at the high school level and to analyze strategic factors that can help reduce mathematics anxiety for students. This study used a quantitative method with an ex post facto research type with a correlational design. The population was grade X high school students in South Tangerang, with a sample size of 84. The side technique used cluster random sampling. Data collection used an instrument in the form of a mathematics anxiety and learning achievement questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out through partial correlation and multiple correlation with a significance level of 0.05, and the prerequisite test analysis used normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. The results showed that mathematics anxiety influenced by self-efficacy factors, classroom climate, and academic support from parents and peers significantly affected students' learning achievement in high school. Schools can facilitate a more conducive learning environment to minimize mathematics anxiety and improve learning outcomes. Implementing a learning program that is psychologically responsive and adaptive to students' needs is expected to improve students' mathematics achievement significantly..  

This article explores the use of directive speech acts in dialogues presented in English textbooks. Drawing on the theoretical framework of speech act theory by Parker and Riley (1994), the study focuses on understanding how directives—utterances that seek to influence the behavior of the listener—are presented in various dialogues. It examines the various forms and functions of directives, their role in communication, and how they help learners of English understand and practice practical conversational strategies. The article highlights the importance of directive speech acts in both formal and informal contexts, with specific examples drawn from English language textbooks. This study uses qualitative descriptive research where data is found in dialogues in textbooks and then matched with theory and poured into a sentence. This study found that there are five types of directive speech acts, namely, orders, warnings, giving advice, suggestions, and recommendations. In this study, 7 command data, 3 warning data, 2 advice data, 8 suggestion data, and 1 recommendation data were found. In this study, two techniques were found in the delivery of speech acts, namely direct and non-direct. Non-direct techniques tend to contain an element of politeness rather than direct. In addition, the speech actions in this textbook can help students understand, and using directive speech acts effectively can significantly improve communicative competence in language learners.

Biogas is a mixture of gases formed from the decomposition of organic materials with the help of bacteria through an anaerobic fermentation process (airtight) to produce biogas in the form of methane gas (CH4) that can be managed. In biogas production, pH is one of the factors that affects the production process where an inappropriate pH will cause the performance of microorganisms in degrading organic matter into biogas to be less than optimal. This can be seen from the COD reduction produced, namely COD reduction will increase when operating conditions are at optimal pH, for this reason, conditioning the operating process according to the optimum pH is needed. So that in order to maximize the production of biogas produced, research was conducted to determine the optimum pH in the biogas production process carried out at PT AMP Plantation. In this study, biogas production data was collected so that the optimum pH in the production process carried out was known. From the research that has been carried out, the optimum pH for the biogas production process is 7, which produces the highest COD reduction of 91.78%.

The practice of labor exploitation is not new. Labor exploitation has been widespread since the colonial era. Some people use print media, social media, and even word-of-mouth to market. Although this is nothing new, labor exploitation is still happening and is growing more concerning. Due to the fact that it involves both domestic and international offenders, this is the case. between nations. The methods used in human trafficking crimes have become more complex as communication, information technology, and transformation have advanced. The criminals are looking for victims from the lower social classes. It is not unusual for offenders to help victims by giving them debt or company cash. Some even go so far as to give scholarships to those who want to pursue further education overseas. According to the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), which has verified this, human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, does not discriminate. Because human trafficking, particularly labor exploitation, disregards age and gender. age and gender. Labor exploitation affects both men and women, as well as children and adults. Law No. 21/2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Humans, Law No. 18/2017 on the Protection of Workers, and Law no. 18/2017 on the Protection of Migrant Workers all prohibits the trafficking of humans for the purpose of labor exploitation. Workers who are migrants. This paper addresses several topics, including the criminal law's prohibitions against trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation, the need for immediate enforcement of these prohibitions, and the elements that contribute to trafficking in persons for the purpose of labor exploitation. labor exploitation, as well as elements that contribute to human trafficking for the prevalence of labor exploitation is increasing. Labor exploitation is becoming more and more common. The descriptive analytical method was employed in the study. method of analytical descriptive research. It is anticipated that this research will offer a complete, methodical, and exhaustive analysis.

Continuous improvements in infrastructure, security measures, and user education can help address these weaknesses and improve the overall effectiveness of QRIS as a digital payment solution. Some of the roles of using QRIS in the millennial generation are convenience. QRIS makes it easy for millennials to make digital payments without the need to carry cash or credit/debit cards. They can simply use their mobile phones to scan the QR code and complete the payment transaction. QRIS transactions are processed in real-time, meaning payments can be completed almost instantly. Many digital payment platforms that support QRIS offer promotions and discounts to users who make payments using their platform. This is especially attractive to millennials who are always looking for ways to save money.

This study aims to analyze the influence of secondary reserves, which consist of placements in other banks, securities owned, and acceptance bills, on wadiah deposits at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk. using a quantitative approach with secondary data from the bank's monthly financial statements for the period 2022-2024. Researchers select relevant research subjects to obtain significant findings. The data were processed using descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression with the help of the SPSS program to test the hypothesis. The results show that there is a significant influence of independent variables on dependent variables, which illustrates the importance of asset quality and fund management in increasing customer trust and, ultimately, the growth of deposits.

The code of ethics for Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers plays an important role in increasing teacher professionalism in Indonesia. In the educational context, professionalism does not only include teaching skills, but also the moral and ethical attitudes that must be applied in carrying out their duties. Codes of ethics provide guidelines for teachers to act in accordance with established standards, which include responsibilities towards students, society and educational institutions. This research aims to analyze how the application of a code of ethics in the practice of Christian religious education can contribute to the development of teacher professionalism, as well as its impact on the quality of learning and the formation of student character. Based on a literature review, it was found that consistent application of a code of ethics helps teachers to maintain their integrity, improve relationships with students, and set a good example in everyday life. Therefore, increasing understanding and implementing a good code of ethics is very necessary to realize quality education that is beneficial for students' spiritual and moral development.

Organic waste management has become an urgent global issue, as the increasing volume of waste poses serious challenges to the environment. One innovative solution that is gaining increasing attention is Maggot cultivation, through a bioconversion process. Maggot bioconversion not only addresses the problem of organic waste but also offers new economic opportunities through the production of high-value resources. In addition, maggot cultivation can also contribute to addressing the high price of protein sources and the increasing demand for animal feed. As highlighted by a study, maggot bioconversion technology can address three main problems: the generation of organic waste, the high price of protein sources, and the increasing demand for animal feed. (Handayani et al., 2021). Maggot (Hermetia Illucens) is a black soldier fly larva that has a chewy texture, high protein and has the ability to secrete natural enzymes that help improve the digestive system of livestock.

This study aims to describe how a positive culture in schools is instilled through activities that have become a habit in schools. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research because it wants to explain in detail and explore more deeply about the implementation and implementation of a positive school culture, as well as the challenges and obstacles in the implementation and implementation of a positive school culture at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. The results of the study show that the school culture applied at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang cannot be separated from character values, namely religious values, nationalist values, mutual cooperation values, independent character values, and integrity values. The school culture includes teachers guarding the gate to welcome students into school, reciting before starting learning, praying dhuha between breaks, students greeting and shaking hands when crossing paths with teachers, and not hesitating to help teachers when they need help

Literacy is very important for students because literacy skills will affect the success of their learning and their lives. Good literacy skills will help students understand oral, written and visual texts. oral, written, and pictorial/visual texts, therefore, the development of literacy in literacy in learning is always carried out in an integrated manner between listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. This is because the four skills have a very close relationship, although each has certain characteristics. One way that can be do to improve teacher competence in building a Literacy Culture in Madrasahs is through Technical Guidance with the Method of Direct Guidance. Bimtek is an activity that is intended to provide assistance which is generally in the form of advice and guidance and guidance to solve problems / problems that are technical in nature. From the results of research conducted on teachers at MTsN 1 Siak, namely as follows: Organizing Technical Guidance with the Direct Guidance Method can improve teacher competence in building a culture of Literacy in Madrasahs at MTsN 1 Siak in the 2023/2024 academic year. This This is indicated by the score of the observation of the teacher which continues to increase from cycle 1 to cycle 3. In cycle 1 the score obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 1 to cycle 3. obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 2 to 120, and the achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 1 to cycle 3. achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 3.

The budget division has responsibility for tasks that are usually carried out including financial management, analysis and budget control in the company The aim of this research is to determine the implementation and optimization of digitalization of expedition bookkeeping in the budget division by employees of the State Electricity Company Nusantara Power Services (PT. PLN-NPS) at the Sidoarjo head office, East Java. This research uses field research methods by collecting data through reviewing internship activities and using previous research regarding the budget division.  The research results show that the implementation and optimization of digitalization of expedition bookkeeping in the budget division can helps all employee needs and already has an effective system in its use.

Background: Choosing Breastfeeding Grandmothers is an effort to maximize the role of grandmothers in making exclusive breastfeeding a success. So far, grandmothers are the people in the family who are considered more capable and have a lot of experience, especially in caring for babies. This is the basis for this service in order to maximize the role of grandmothers in helping breastfeeding mothers provide good nutrition to their babies. Objectives There is an increase in knowledge, changing attitudes and behavior of breastfeeding grandmothers in the application of effleurage massage using Jitu oil to support exclusive breastfeeding and interaction and sharing of information through coaching breastfeeding grandmothers in the application of Effleurage Massage using Jitu Oil to support exclusive breastfeeding. Method Training implementation time January 26, 2024, mentoring implementation January 27 - February 26, 2024. The location of the activity is at the Lamongan Arjasa Village Hall. Method using PAR (Participatory Action Research), Results: This activity was attended by 19 grandmothers and 19 breastfeeding mothers. At the time of Choosing 12 people had good knowledge, 4 had sufficient knowledge, and 3 people had less. At the time of post-mentoring, 14 people had good skills, 3 people had sufficient knowledge and 2 people had less. Conclusion: The Choosing and mentoring activities carried out can increase knowledge and improve the skills of Grandmothers in performing Massage Effluerage massage to help relax the body of breastfeeding mothers.

Background: Aging leads to physical deterioration, which makes the elderly dependent on others for daily activities. One way to increase their independence is through physical activities such as elderly gymnastics. Regular participation in elderly gymnastics can restore physical function, improve joint, muscle, and movement coordination, and enhance heart function, leading to a healthier and fitter body. Method: The program began with a preparation stage, followed by elderly gymnastics training and counseling. This activity took place in one session, targeting both independent and assisted elderly individuals. The elderly gymnastics included basic exercises with a warm-up, core movements, and cooling down, lasting approximately 15-30 minutes. Afterward, an evaluation of the activity was conducted. Results: A total of 60 elderly individuals participated in the gymnastics session, which included warm-up, core, and cooling exercises. The participants appeared enthusiastic and easily followed the movements, especially with music accompaniment. However, some had difficulty with foot movements due to balance issues. After the gymnastics session, counseling was provided on the importance of doing elderly gymnastics independently. The elderly were very engaged during the counseling and asked several questions afterward. Conclusion: Elderly gymnastics can be incorporated as a routine activity in elderly health programs like posyandu, helping the elderly become more independent with a healthy and fit body. Regular participation in these exercises can improve their ability to perform daily activities independently.

Bacground Stunting remains a chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia. One approach to preventing stunting is by strengthening the utilization of local wisdom in food resources. In Lhokseumawe City, locally available seafood, which is a high-protein food source, is abundant. However, many members of the community are unaware of the nutritional benefits of these local ingredients. Purpose of this community service activity is to enhance the empowerment of locally sourced complementary feeding as an effort to prevent stunting in coastal communities in Gampong Pusong Lama, Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City. The implementation method began with planning, followed by the lectures, animated video screenings, distribution of booklets and posters, and demonstrations on preparing complementary feeding using local food ingredients. This health education activity was conducted over a single day. Monitoring and evaluation were carried out by measuring participants' knowledge seven days after the education session. Results of this community service showed a 50% increase in participants' knowledge after being provided with health education through booklets, animated videos, posters, lectures, and demonstrations. Conclusion This activity needs to be conducted continuously to help prevent the rise of stunting in young children by utilizing local food as a primary, affordable, and accessible source of nutrition. 

This community service is carried out with the aim of improving marketing skills in using social media or internet media in the Pesantren sub-district community, Mijen district, Semarang. Digital marketing has become crucial for business actors in the digital era, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who want to increase their market share effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this service is to help SMEs in Semarang City understand and implement digital marketing strategies, and digital advertising. Through training and coaching, SMEs learn the importance of producing high-quality content, interacting with customers online, and utilizing analytical data to increase the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. The results of the activity show that SMEs have become more knowledgeable and proficient in handling digital platforms, and that the implementation of recommended strategies has increased engagement and revenue.

This study investigates the role of scaffolding assessment in fostering self-directed learning (SDL) within project-based learning (PBL) environments in higher education. Scaffolding assessment, characterized by gradual guidance, helps students transition from structured support to greater autonomy while enhancing critical thinking, goal-setting, and self-regulation. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study examines students' perceptions and experiences of scaffolding interventions in a research-based course. Quantitative findings reveal positive impacts on autonomy, critical thinking, and goal-setting, while qualitative insights highlight the importance of tailored scaffolding tools, motivational elements, and digital adaptability.Although scaffolding significantly enhances SDL by promoting independence and cognitive engagement, challenges remain in optimizing digital tools and addressing individual learning needs. Personalized scaffolding strategies and motivational scaffolds are essential for sustaining long-term engagement and effectively supporting diverse learners in complex, research-intensive environments. This study underscores the importance of adaptive scaffolding designs that balance structure and flexibility, offering practical implications for educators seeking to implement scaffolding assessments to enhance student autonomy and learning outcomes in higher education.

Information technology has an important role in the continuity of business activities for MSMEs. The application of technology to build a business is called effective and efficient digital transformation for MSMEs. One form of digital transformation is in the aspect of recording transactions and finances called Point of Sale (POS). POS is an application in the form of an online cashier with integrated electronic transaction service features which is aimed at increasing the sustainable development of digital entrepreneurs or Digipreneurs through digital transaction services to analyze administrative and financial matters which can help MSMEs. This research aims to prepare for the digital transformation of MSMEs in using digital POS system applications using the I-TOE framework. This research is qualitative in nature with data collection techniques by conducting interviews with 6 MSMEs in Salatiga, Central Java. From the interview results, it can be concluded that through the I-TOE framework, it is known that the readiness for digital MSME transformation is influenced by several aspects (1) Type of business, (2) Age of the manager. (3) Human resources and (4) Environmental demands.

This study aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in learning science and to analyze the internal and external factors that influence them. This research is motivated by the low success rate of students in science courses, which is thought to be due to multiple obstacles involving cognitive, affective, and learning environment aspects. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and surveys of students enrolled in science courses at universities. The findings show that internal factors, such as self-efficacy, basic mathematical skills, and intrinsic motivation, play a significant role in influencing students’ understanding of science material. On the other hand, external factors, including curriculum, teaching methods, environmental support, and facility limitations, also have a substantial impact. This study suggests improvements in curriculum reform at the elementary and secondary levels, more interactive teaching methods, and adequate academic support to help students overcome difficulties in science courses. These findings are expected to provide insights for educational institutions and educators in designing more effective learning strategies to enhance students' competencies in science.

Listening comprehension is essential in higher education, particularly as students progress from basic intensive listening activities to more complex academic listening tasks. This review examines the strategies learners employ during this transition and identifies effective approaches for improving listening comprehension in University contexts. Drawing on recent research and empirical evidence, the review highlights key techniques such as metacognitive strategies, note-taking, schema activation, and contextual listening, which are crucial for academic success. The findings suggest that while intensive listening fosters foundational skills, academic listening demands advanced strategies, including critical evaluation, synthesizing information, and adapting to different accents and contexts. The review emphasizes the importance of instructional support, such as teaching explicit strategies and incorporating authentic materials, to help students navigate this shift. Educators are encouraged to create scaffolded learning experiences and foster student autonomy. This study contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on EFL and ESL education, providing useful guidance for curriculum developers and educators aiming to improve students' listening skills in higher education.

Companies often face various obstacles related to managing raw material inventory to meet demand, one of which is Peuyeum Ketan Istimewa. Working in the food processing industry, of course, raw material inventory management needs to be planned optimally to avoid various risks that can harm the company. The Quantity Discount model is used to take advantage of cost savings provided by suppliers when purchases are made in large quantities, while other efforts that can help manage raw materials in a company are by knowing the safety stock and reorder point of raw materials and also forecasting demand to predict future demand. This study will use the Quantity Discount model which optimizes inventory levels by considering storage costs, ordering costs, and quantity discounts. The calculations carried out are also to find the value of the company's Safety Stock and Reorder Point. The results of this study indicate that the use of the Quantity Discount method can reduce total costs by Rp26,319,267/year, while forecasting using the seasonality method increases the accuracy of demand predictions, thus enabling more efficient inventory management. The implementation of this model is expected to provide a significant contribution to operational efficiency and cost reduction at Peuyeum Ketan Istimewa